He is the first person to report in the Lugouqiao Incident. The 25 -year -old mystery disappeared. The world has never forgotten him.

85 years have passed in the Lugou Bridge Incident. This year, it is also the first on -site reporter Fang Da's 85th year to report the Lugouqiao Incident Fang Da. Xiaofang and the world have been lost in the front line.

On September 18, 1937, six years before the September 18th Incident, on the 30th of the month, Shanghai's "Dagong" published the last communication of Fang Da Zeng's "The Northern Section of Pinghan Line". Since then, there is no news of Fang Da Zeng.

As the first reporter of the battlefield of the country after a comprehensive anti -Japanese war, Fang Dashao's life was set at the age of 25 at the age of 25.

Henry Catier Bresson, who was born with Fang Da Zeng, was called "the father of modern news photography". He was only four years old. Song may be carried in the French army.

What is sighing is that Fang Da has broken through the night sky and disappeared on the Chinese land with smoke. He disappeared too early and too early. His journalist career was only two years. But Bresson lived 96 years old, witnessed and recorded almost all major events in the 20th century with a camera, becoming a world -renowned cultural photography master. Bresson proposed the theory of "decisive momentum". Fang Da had no theory, but he had a decisive instant practice.

Bressong said that after processing and director photos, I was not interested. The camera was a tool for intuition and spontaneous reactions. He also said that he must always uphold the maximum respect for the photographer and to himself. All of this, Fang Da has instinctively and consciously doing his best in his career.

Fang Da was a Chinese in the 20th century. We could not predict his destiny and career. However, in the last time he lived and worked, he was worthy of the glorious mission of a battlefield reporter and excellent photographer. What he left is something worth remembering forever.

For this, we thank him.

"Fang Dashao's work is like a will left in the 1930s, a will left to all times in the future ... When everything disappears, Fang Dashao's work tells us that there will never be disappear. This is the expression and figure of a person, they are passing from generation to generation. "

The missing battlefield reporter Fang Daze

Text/Zhou Shushan

On July 7, 1937, the Japanese North China Army stationed in the Tuetun army in Lugou Bridge and the Chinese army of Wanping.

On the third day of the Lugou Bridge Incident, the smoke of the war has not yet been dispersed. The swords of the enemy and us are tense, and the greater and cruel conflict is brewing. A young man appeared on the bank of the Lugou Bridge in the clouds. He recorded this major moment in modern Chinese history with the camera and pen in his hands, and predicted that "the great Lugou Bridge may become the birthplace of the great ethnic liberation war!"

The young man was 25 years old. He was the first reporter from the Chinese and foreign news agencies to report the Lugou Bridge Incident Fang Daze. For decades, the photos of the battle of the Lugou Bridge he took have been chosen by the historical works and textbooks of the incident.

However, the first report of this incident, Fang Da who took these photos had sinking into the history of History. His youth and life always fixed in the age of blood and fire.

Although Fang Dashao's journalist career is short, many photos and words he left show the difficulties and resistance, glory and dreams of our nation, and become part of history. Those documentary and photos occupy a brilliant page in the history of Chinese news and photography. If we salvage the memory of our nation, Fang Da should not be forgotten.

/ 01/ underlying China

On July 13, 1912, Fang Da was born in Xiehe Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, and his ancestral home was Wuxi, Jiangsu. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, his grandfather entered Beijing as an official and stayed in Beijing since then. His father, Fang Zhendong, graduated from the Beijing Shi Translation Academy and worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China. The two generations of father and ancestors were not the officials of the officialdom, but there were old houses in Beijing, and their family was relatively solid. At that time, the photography technology was introduced to China. The family portraits and ladies' photos in the photo studio were enviable western scenes. Of course, it could not talk about modern photography concepts. The boy's Fang Da had received good education and loved photography. His mother bought him a camera with seven oceans. This folding camera is very simple, Fang Da has loved it very much, and since then he started his photography career. At first, he may only feel novel and fun, but in continuous practice, his photography technology and photo washing techniques are becoming more mature, and the photography concept of focusing on social reality has been established.

In 1929, Fang Da was 17 years old. In order to attract more young people of the same age to participate in photography activities, he initiated the organization of the "Junior Film Agency" and issued a declaration of seeking members in Peiping's "World Pictorial": "Now the art of photography every day Earth -developed and progressive. Photography talents can also occupy an important position in art ... so we have the need to organize juvenile photography groups .... Junior Film Agency takes the purpose of studying photography art. Whether there is any experience, those who are within the age of 16 will be free to join our community as a member. "He set the contact address of the Junior Film Agency as the home of Xiehe Hutong. Obviously, 17 -year -old Fang Da has used photography as art activities rather than simple photos and photos. His activity of initiating community also shows his free nature and maturity of mind. This may be the first adolescent photography group in the north. The society and cultural atmosphere of the society and cultural atmosphere in the 1930s enlisted a young man's conscious pursuit of art. The weapon in his hand was a humble camera. In September of the same year, the first photography exhibition in Peiping was exhibited in the Zhongshan Park and Youth Association. The youth photographer Fang Da had been selected to participate in the exhibition and was widely praised by the society. The son of Yinchen, the son of Yinchang and the photographer Yin Tiegang in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote: "Fang Da Zeng's" Cold Night "also has western winds, and the color is used to increase its calmness." This shows that in the 1930s, Peiping's photography Under the influence of Western artistic thoughts, groups pay more attention to the light and shadow tone of the picture and the aesthetic experience of visual art. Obviously, there are very few people who can afford photography equipment, so this circle is not large, and it is the artistic style of aestheticism. The early works left by Fang Da were mostly temples, stupas, cliff Buddha, landscape, historical architecture, close -up of characters, etc. around Peiping. At this time, Fang Da was diligent, keen and enthusiastic. According to his sister Fang Chengmin, he often set off a camera, a blanket, and an umbrella, near the four suburbs of Beiping, far from Tianjin, Suiyuan and other places to shoot. From the perspective of photography art, in the photography works left by Fang Da, such as the ancient Great Wall that has gone through vicissitudes, Yanjing University covered by snow, and the naive laughing teenager of Qinhuangdao beach, especially the 4th son of Inner Mongolia Hosted works such as national style wedding celebrations, all have precious cultural value.

In the field surveyed hard work, when the young photographer Fang Da was diligent in art, he used the lens to touch the suffering Chinese land, and his emotions and focus changed. China. Beggar, stray, boatman, fiber husband, blacksmith of forged picks, the hard work of carrying hemp, manpower driver, coal miners, petitioners ... All this entered his shot. In this picture, he I devoted compassion and sympathy, and I was full of anger and silent shouts ... So, from the photos he left, we saw China -her land and people 80 years ago.

We cannot just evaluate Fang Dashao from the perspective of photography, because he later became a heroic warrior in the war of emancipation of the nation. Although the form and content of art are not divided, from the pursuit of light and shadow effects to more social care, Fang Da has obviously there is a process of gradually mature. Consciously approaching the land and the people, the civilianization and underlying perspective of the subject matter were the conscious pursuit of progressive arts such as literature, art, and music at that time. As long as we mentioned Lu Xun's novels and his push for Kollie Hui's prints, we can see the trend of thought at the time. When Fang Da once picked up the camera, he consciously integrated into this trend and implemented in the practice of photography. We felt his inner warmth, the desire for light, and the humanistic feelings.

In 1930, 18 -year -old Fang Da was admitted to the Economic Department of China France University. The photos left in the university. We saw a cheerful, optimistic, and fashionable sunny young man. It is also full of longing and hope for the future. At this time, the photography is his hobby, and the folding old camera is used in his hand. He has emerged in the photography industry. In addition to participating in the photography exhibition, he also published photographs in pictorials and magazines with the pseudonym of "Little Fang", which has a certain impact.

After graduating from college, he bought a new camera of Llelex's card with the manuscript fee for publishing works, which shows that his photography event will shift from amateur to professional. At this time, Fang Da was more conscious in artistic concepts. His sister Fang Chengmin later recalled that he rarely took pictures of his family or friends, but more irrelevant underlying people entered his lens. In his eyes, photography is not only a photo technology, but also a art of society and life. Like many young people of the same era, Fang Da has paid attention to the future and fate of the nation and the country, and the living conditions of people and the changes in the social environment. He is a calm observer and recorder, and a critical criterion who uses cameras as weapons to social injustice.

▲ Junior Fang Daze

After graduating from college, Fang Da first worked as a person in Peiping Christianity. He had the conditions to contact many foreign newspapers and magazines to learn more about cultural information. Western ideological concepts expanded his vision. In 1935, Fang Da had left Peiping to work in Tianjin Christian Youth Association, organized the "Chinese and Foreign News Society" with friends, and served as a photographer in it, and started his journalist career. The reporter's responsibility is to pay more attention to society and life than ordinary people. As a result, his vision is more open, and he has a wider and in -depth understanding of the current situation and society. His lens has also shifted to the fate of the motherland and the resistance of the people. After the September 18th Incident, the Japanese invaders occupied the three eastern provinces, and the national crisis became increasingly serious. Fang Da had a prestige of the Anti -Japanese War. He was full of deep love for the motherland and was deeply concerned about the future fate of the motherland. Under his lens, there were swarms of exile students in the Great Wall in groups of the Great Wall, the young stray wanderers sitting under the Great Wall Dingkou, and the young students who called on the government to fight against Japan and the grand scene of the people's assembly ... All of these are China. The true portrayal of the national crisis. At the same time, more life pictures that transcend the times reflect life are becoming increasingly conscious and distinctive. We see that the fibrous husbands on the river embankment are difficult to march; seeing the donkey rushing to the farmers carrying cotton on the long road; seeing the Japanese cargo ship that stops at the smuggling on the Tianjin Pier; the female workers in the yarn factory workshop In the mine, the miners who pushed the coal -to -be -toured vehicle with shoulders, and naked nakedly standing at the boat to look up at the sails ... These precious images made us see an era of far away.

As a photographer, Fang Da once had a high degree of career sensitivity and strong work enthusiasm. He was courageous to explore the truth for his ideals and careers. In order to step up the pace of aggression against China, Japan established the Jidong pseudo -regime under the banner of autonomy. As a reporter, Fang Da has penetrated into this place of Japanese invaders and revealed that Jidong pseudo -government economy under the Japanese wings is rampant. Smuggling, the real scene of yellow, gambling, and poison in society. There are Japanese prostitutes under his camera, the addicts in the drug abuse house, the blank eyes, the shops with blatantly selling gambling gear, the Japanese text marked on the station sign of the train station, the hard work of loading and unloading smuggling items on the dock ... This sore Chinese land brings deep humiliation.

From young photographers from youth, to young journalists who have the fate of the motherland who are upright, enthusiastic, sensitive and suffering, Fang Da Zeng Fu joined the industry and was an outstanding news warrior. He only used his eyes to look at the world, without any party concepts and ideology, clear eyes, slim and dusty shots, Yun Yan dispersed, truly presented, leaving a naked and uninterrupted China.

/ 02/ Suiyuan front line

Fang Da Zeng's true journalist career started from Suiyuan front line. As far as its photography achievements are concerned, the 43 -day interviews of Suiyuan have richer photos, covering all fields such as politics, military, economy, religion, and national customs. The remaining battlefield images are precious in the history of China's anti -Japanese war.

After the September 18th Incident, the Northeast, Rehe, and Jidong region successively fell into their opponents. In February 1936, after Japan got his hand in Chahar, he pointed the aggressive spear head to Suiyuan. The Suiyuan province, located in the west of Inner Mongolia, is a must -pass channel for the northwest frontier to enter the hinterland of China, and has extremely important military significance. In May, the Japanese manipulated the Mongolian Lord De Muchukun (referred to as the king of Dewang) and Li Shouxin to establish a puppet regime- "Mongolian Military Government", and at the same time, put together a armed armed armed headed by bandit leader Wang Ying It is called "Great Han Yi Army". These traitors are Japanese invasion of China, which will send military advisers and provide military expenses and weapons by Japan. The Kanto Army of Japan has formulated a detailed plan for attacking Suiyuan, and is preparing to attack Bailing Temple, Red Gertu, Guisui, Jining, and Baotou, respectively, and then occupy the whole territory of Suiyuan.

The arrogance of the Japanese invaders and the crisis of Suiyuan immediately aroused the anger of the people across the country. Under the steps of the Japanese government and local military and political officials, they also changed their fundamental changes to the Hitachi field. resistance. Chiang Kai -shek urgently ordered the five divisions of the central government to enter Shanxi to resist the invasion of the Japanese puppet army.

Fu Zuoyi, the chairman of Suiyuan Province and the 35th Army commander of the 35th Army, made a resolute struggle on the same day of pseudo -falsification on the same day and pseudo -in -laws, and also made a corresponding deployment in the same day. On October 30, Yan Xishan and Fu Zuoyou saw Chiang Kai -shek, and studied the military deployment and combat issues of the Suiyuan front line. On November 11, Yan Xishan issued an order as the deputy chairman of the military committee and the director of the Taiyuan appeasement office.

On November 15th, under the instruction of the Japanese military adviser, Wang Ying's "Great Han Yi Army" arrived near Xinghe County Red Gertu and contacted the outpost of the Sui Army. In the midnight of the day, Fu Zuoyi and Zhao Chengzheng arrived at the front line. In the early morning of the 18th, the Jinsui Army attacked across the board, defeating the puppet army of Wang Ying's department in one fell swoop, killing more than a thousand enemies. In order not to give the enemy a breathing opportunity, Fu Zuoyi decided to launch the battle of Bailing Temple.

Bailing Temple is located in the northern part of Suiyuan. It is a famous Tibetan Buddhist temple on the Wulanchabu grassland. It is about 160 kilometers from Guisui (now Hohhot) from the provincial capital. The strategic position is very important. At that time, more than 3,000 people stationed in Japan and pseudo -army, as well as a large number of military equipment and combat equipment provided by Japan. In the early morning of November 24th, the battle started. After a series of tactics such as circulating, quick decision, and siege assistance, at 9:30 am on the same day, Bailing Temple was recovered in one fell swoop. Since December 3, the Japanese and Puppet bandits have repeatedly counterattacked and ended with failure. On December 9th, Fu Zuoyi and other parts entered the Temple of Siramun. On the 19th, Wang Ying led a few disabled parts to fled Zhang Bei. And end. After the Bailing Temple recovered, the Japanese puppet bandit army counterattacked madly. At the moment when the two armies fought fiercely, the reporter of the Chinese and foreign news agency Fang Da immediately went to Suiyuan. He wrote in the Battlefield Communication "Suidong Frontline Inspection": "In order to give the reader a practical true understanding in order to resist the enemy's enemy, the reporter has a front line." At this time In the winter of Jiulong, frozen snow was wrapped. "On the evening of December 4th, from the journey from Peiping, the train on Ping Suidao struggled all night in the wind. After Zhangjiakou and the same place, the reporters woke up from their sleep and listened to it. The wind roaring outside the window felt cold chestnut, and realized the body of the soldiers who guarded the land in the trenches. Ah, cold, frozen the cold of the dead! In the morning of the five days, to Jining County, this is the military of Suidong. When the town, the reporter got off here. " After Fang Da got off the car, after the afternoon, he took a military transport vehicle to the 6th of the Dali Village via Huangjia Village. The next morning, he took the military transport vehicle again to reach the red red, and then walked north to Gaojia. The journey is longer than the Mainland. The 40 -mile journey took more than five minutes to arrive. Because of the strong north wind, it felt more difficult. When at dusk, It is very tired to reach Gaojiadi. " Fang Da once stayed here for a night and one morning. We saw the coolness and difficulties of the war in his battlefield communication ——

After Tianming, the enemy made a fierce attack, but our army was naturally more confident at this time. At this time, he ordered all the horses to a few horses. The cavalry's horse was equally important as the gun in his hand, but now he has to give up the valuable horse to show his determination to stay, so the army's heart is more stable.

Mandarin Zhang lived in a small soil house, on the top of the house with three quarters of the whole house, a table was placed in the middle. He slept alone and gave it to reporters on the other. There was a military telephone next to his head. He kept every ringtone at any time, as if this thing was his only partner. For the sake of the reporter's dinner, he bought a piece of tofu and joined his usual food -boiled potatoes in salt water. While we were sitting on the table and eating at the table, he picked up the big buns with four or two hoes to reporters: "Only two days can I eat white noodles, and I used to eat noodles and black noodles." The reporter asked Whether the soldiers also ate this, he said yes, but the soldiers were actually unwilling to eat white noodles. This was not the white noodles or not delicious, but because its price was more expensive, because they were all eating their own food. Originally, the rules of the Jinsui Army should have the official family when fighting, but this is not the case now.

At night, the head of Zhang took the flashlight and went out to check the Qin and returned it for an hour. After returning, we said to reporters: "Since our group will work in the town of Gaohong on August 4, we have worked in work during the day and slept on the fire at night. In the past four months, they have been in the main battle. When the weather was warm the day before, I didn't feel how to sleep on the fire, but now it is a bit hard. Because the business is close to these two places, the enemy will start in business at dusk. It can also be reached at midnight. This is the best time to win the camp, so our brothers have to sleep on the fire every night to cope with the emergency. The officer can know. "

We talked about many questions about the enemy. He was convinced that the senior generals of Jin Sui were determined to defend the natives and defend the country. He said that it is not easy for Japan to get Jin Sui. He advised reporters to have the opportunity to go to Shanxi to do a trip in the future and look at the great work there.

When he slept until the three more time, when the reporter woke up from his dream, he saw the heroic and decisive head of the group, and he was talking with the headset with Hong Geloto. It turned out that he always slept with his headphones at night. ("Suidong Frontline Inspection")

Fang Dashao's battlefield communication wrote his own experience, the writing was simple, and there was no decoration and work. This was the professional spirit and valuable character of a journalist. From his description, we were able to see the situation of the army during the period of the National Government. The soldiers relied on the army to raise their families. Although they forgot to die on the battlefield, for the parents and children in the family, they would rather save it or save it. When facing the enemy, the simple heart is full of national righteousness, showing a fearless heroic spirit. Fan Changjiang, a reporter from the Grand Press interviewed in the front line of Suiyuan, wrote in a communications: "In this time this time, no one is considering the personal interests of his own. 'War of war for survival' ... The resolute emotions of the soldiers are sings and weeping. Only three or five yuan a month of military crickets. They have a soldier requesting not to send a military barrier to reduce the difficulty of the government's war to deal with the war! " It can be seen that the people's hearts were valuable when the nation was in danger in the early days of the Anti -Japanese War. ▲ Photos sent by Fang Da from the front line of Suiyuan to his mother

Fang Dashao's reporter's identity and interview activities have received great respect and support from Military and political officials of Suiyuan Frontline. After the interview of Gao Jiadi, on the morning of December 7, Fang Da declined the persuasion of the Dragon and Dagua and decided to go to the way The Red Gelto front line was interviewed again. The local garrison sent 30 cavalry and horses to escort him. Fang Da had talked about the experience of galloping the Mongolian wasteland for the first time in his life. He interviewed the officers, soldiers, and the people who participated in the battle, and returned to Jining after obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the battle. On December 14th, the battlefield report "Suidong Frontline Inspection" was completed. On the morning of December 17, together with Fan Yangtze River and other frontline reporters, they left Jining with a car with the seven division of the cavalry. This is the first meeting of Fang Da Zeng and Fan Yangtze River. The two cherished each other and were impressed by the meeting. Fang Da had returned to Jining on December 19 after interviewing and inspection in Longshengzhuang, Xinghe, Hongmao Yingzi and other places. On January 5, 1937, Fang Da had completed the second battlefield communications "Xinghe Travel" on the Suiyuan front line. At this time, the interview work of Suiyuan Battlefield has ended. Fang Da has inspected the bags, and there are still some film. He is determined to cross Dasing Mountain and inspect the nation, religion, the frontier economy, and the losses caused by the war to the local people in Suibei. And mental trauma and other situations, and leave real historical images. On the occasion, Fang Da Zeng and Fan Yangtze and other reporters said goodbye to reporters. In 1938, Fan Changjiang reviewed this moment in the article "Yi Xiaofang" —

"Tomorrow I will go to Bailing Temple. If I walk early, I won't come to see you!" Two years ago, the famous high -cold place outside the Serbian -Suidong Ping Spring Winter Night, the black and black hut in the outer winter clothing of the sea People, the yellow candlelight inside the house was shocked by the wind of the tens of thousands of hectares outside the house. The strong body, ruddy face, and yellow -haired young man, Mr. Fang Da Zeng came to shake hands with me.

"Go to Bailing Temple?"

"Yes."

"How do you go to the law?" Because from Pingdiquan to Bailing Temple, if you do not follow the car road in the Wuanjing Wuchuan in the winter, then you must pass through the mountains and the grassland. It is a majestic and arduous journey. Friends who are usually not valued, but today I have come to such a feat. I do n’t understand how he goes to the Fa. I am afraid that he is too ideal, and the other is not enough to prepare enough. It is prone to difficulty on the way.

"Ride a horse." Answer calmly.

"How many people all the way?"

"There is also a horse."

"What are you bringing?"

"This is the point with your body."

We have experienced some of our lives outside. We always turn over the mountains like him in winter, and it is after the Welling Temple War.

Fang Dashao's interview plan was supported by military and political officials. The commander of Tang Enbo sent him a car to send him a car. escort. Fang Da finally completed the difficult interview with the severe cold of the severe cold at minus 40 degrees.

Fang Da has formed a deep friendship with the famous reporter Fan Changjiang in this Suiyuan interview. Fan Yangtze River rushed to the Suiyuan front line on November 16, 1936, for example, it went early. Fan Yangtze River was 27 years old and Fang Da was 25 years old. They were all young and younger. They incorporated their ideals and careers into the national liberation struggle.

Many years have passed. From the hundreds of photos left by Fang Da, we still feel the wind of the wasteland and the sound of whistling. In these photos, there are fast assembly troops, soldiers who sworn in pre -war mobilization, bunkers winding on the desert, marching on the Gobi Desert to transport a military -raised camel team, sent soldiers guarding the castle, wearing anti -virus mask The anti -chemical soldiers and machine gun shooters, front line generals, and commanders at all levels are resolute expression ... and Mongolian herdsmen in front of the Mongolian bag, wooden wheel carts filled with firewood on the snow road, solemn Lama Temple, Lama, Catholic Church, and Catholic Church Children who avoid the disaster, the improved sheep of the animal husbandry experts, and the naive smile of the four -shirtless children ... This is the northern China more than 80 years ago. When we review this period of history, we deeply feel the simplicity, courage and strength of our nation. Such a nation will not be conquered!

/ 03/ Witness Incident

On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident, which was shocked by China and foreign countries, broke out. On July 10, Fang Da went to Lugou Bridge to interview. At that time, Peiping was already in a panic. Many people in the suburbs of Beijing continued to flow into the city in order to avoid the fire. In this messy war atmosphere, Fang Da had riding a bicycle and greeted by the war. "At the ink of Fengtai, I was intercepted by several Japanese troops. The cameras around me caught their attention. They suspected that I was a higher detective of the Chinese army, because the journalists did not have the courage to come to the Japanese army. The business card, coupled with the attitude, this suspicion was eliminated. After an hour, I was released, passed through the culvert, and went to the city of Wanping. This is the battlefield belt. The two sides were transported back, leaving only one dead mule, and the belly was revealed outside the abdomen. "Fang Da had taken a photo interview with a Chinese police officer with a surname. Jingcun was occupied by the Japanese troops; the second was that the Japanese army moved from Fengtai again to enter the Lugou Bridge. After the interview with Wanping, Fang Da had traveled to the west of Lulou Bridge. The Chinese defender heard that he came from Peiping and asked if the Japanese soldiers retreated? Fang Da once told that the Japanese army not only retreated, but was also reinforcing. "After listening to this news, the soldiers felt extremely resentful." From Lugou Bridge to Changxindian's Wuli Road, it is the main road of the Pinghan Railway. The trains went south and north to the north to stop here because of the war. This is a worker area. At the end of a street, the corpse of the soldiers was arranged. The local people told Fang Da Zeng: During the war, he played for three days and three nights at Changxin Store, and he did not die so many people. He saw the local primary school students organized the Scout Army and promoted the fundraising to the merchants; the merchants organized it, carried the mung bean soup, and took the candy to the Lugou Bridge to the labor army. A sacrifice lady, after watching her husband's burial, took the train back to her mother's house. A battalion named Jin Zhenzhong who was injured in the battlefield received a lot of condolences, and he ordered to send these condolences to other wounded soldiers.

▲ "Liangyou Pictorial" (July 1937 issue of the 130th issue of the 130th issue), one of the Lulouqiao incident group filmed by Da Zeng Da Da Da Zeng

After arriving at the Changxin store, Fang Da had realized that he was the first reporter to the scene after the Lugou Bridge Incident. At four in the afternoon, he interviewed the commander of the campaign, Ji Xingwen, who was holding a telegram in his hand. The other party hurriedly said, "It is tight ahead, and the Japanese soldiers may have a new action. Come from Peiping? Do you want to go back? "

The war was indeed becoming more and more tense. On a high slope, Fang Da had seen the machine guns that had been set up. The people on the road were running at home. Luogouqiao had a fierce battle and could not pass. Fang Da was anxious to go back to press for press time, and had to return to Peiping along the Mentougou on the west bank of the Yongding River.

"Twelve miles away from Changxin Store, to Lujing Village, it was 6 pm, and the rumbling sound came from the direction of the Lugou Bridge, and the fierce war was undergoing again. Failure to succeed, but suffered greater losses than the first battles. Two battles and injuries were 230, while our army's casualties were more than 150. In the war of resistance to the enemy, it was tragic and enthusiastic, and it was described by non -pen and ink. "

Fang Dashao's field interviews and records are still thrilling after 80 years. On the day Fang Da Zeng interviewed (July 10) the Japanese army invaded the Lugou Bridge.

"Remember on the night of the Japanese army's second offense, our army had a row of people guarding the iron bridge. As a result, all the sacrifices were sacrificed, and they could not take a step back. At the battle to win the bridge that day, he rushed to the Japanese trenches, stretched a enemy with a bayonet, and did not urgently pull out the bayonet. A enemy next to him stabbed his left back. Pulling up the big knife, immediately cut the enemy's enemy half a head, and killed two enemies one after another ... "(" Lugou Bridge Anti -Japanese War ")

In July, Fang Da had spent his 25th birthday in his intense work. The battlefield communication "Lugou Bridge Anti -Japanese War" was completed. On August 1, this communication was published in the 10th Volume 6 of Shanghai "World Knowledge" magazine.

In the early morning of July 28, 1937, when he rushed to Lugou Bridge again, he also accompanied Fang Da Zeng's reporter Song Zhiquan and Lu Yan, a reporter from the News News. In the memoirs written 50 years later, Lu Yan still remembered what Fang Dasa looked like: "Xiao Fang has a camera on his body, a white canvas hat, a white shirt and yellow shorts, and a pedal running shoes. It seems vigorous and energetic. "When the train's train was 25 miles away from Changxindian, the sound of the front line came out of vagueness. This is the sound of the emancipation of the Chinese nation! "In order to witness the real war, Fang Da had no choice but to get closer and closer.

After the Lugou Bridge Incident, the Japanese invaders attacked the hinterland of China. This war not only changed the fate of China, but also changed Fang Da Zeng's fate. In the interview with the second Lugou Bridge, Fang Da could not return to Peiping's home due to changes in the battle. Since then, he has made advance and retreat with the Chinese army, witnessing the fall of war and land, and also witnessed the resistance and sacrifice of the Chinese people. He told the world in time and left the memory memory that the Chinese could not erase.

/ 04/ Battlefield disappeared in August and September 1937, Fang Da had running around the battlefields of the two armies, the land of foreign enemies, witnessing the atrocities of the invaders and the death of the people. Amazing. At this time, he was both excited and diligent, and the real and bloody text rushed out like a bullet flying out of the gun. He became a affectionate patriot, a current affairs commentator full of anxiety and insights at the current situation, and an outstanding battlefield reporter who did not fight with his hand and camera in the rain.

▲ Fang Dashao's communication report "We fight for self -defense"

In an extremely turbulent environment, he wrote the texts such as "Frontline Recalling Beiping", "Blood Warfare", "Northern Baoding", "South of Baoding", "From Lady to Yanmen Pass" and other words, and "We are for self -defense" "Wanping under the Fire of the Japanese Army", "Beiping after the Luogou Bridge", "Tianjin before the Japanese", and "enemy aircraft bombing my Baoding Station" and other photography reports. The tragic and tragic scenes of these witnessed and recorded by the camera reveal the truth of the war to the world.

Today, we miss and look for Fang Daze, more about talking about the video works he left from the perspective of photographers and photography art. A sincere patriot, a humanistic intellectual, a person who records his time with words and images, he witnessed the truth and recorded the truth with the field, so that we could see that era- ——

After the Japanese army invaded Pingjin, the 29th Army was stationed in the two battalion infantry. The Thirteenth Army Tang Enbo was ordered to grab the Nankou. The Ministry, they arrived at the Qinglong Bridge in Badaling on the 30th and arrived in the South Exit the next day. When the soldiers farewell to Suidong, everyone threw out all their things. Except for the weapons needed on the battlefield, nothing would be brought to show their determination. No one in the mind of a person, thinking of things other than the War of Resistance Against Japan. ... Nangou is important. Everyone knows that after the people in Suidong sent the Thirteen Army, everyone talked with each other: "There is an old Tang (Tang Enbo), we can rest assured to Nangou."

Frank Dorn (Borne), the Army Counselor of Peiping American Embassy, ​​accompanied a reporter of the United States of the United States, Bai Deen, from the Peiping on August 4th to the South Exit at the Japanese Army. In the talked of the livelihood army, the American reporter said: "I came to your position, I was very bold and assured, but I was afraid to go to the Japanese position because I did not grasp whether they would endanger me." ... American military officer again I sincerely instructed us: "Japanese planes are not terrible, but you must be careful of cannons and tank cars." His view is indeed right, and this is true in the future battles. We thank these two Chinese friends for their sincere encouragement and advice. "

The thrilling Nankou battle showed its tragic and tragic Fang Da in the front line. When the army tank attacked our army on the day, the soldiers rushed forward to the car grenade into the firing hole of the tank, fighting with this terrible "iron monster" with the flesh and blood body. He died in the fight. Six tanks were seized, and for two days in our army's position, no one could drive, could not destroy, and was dragged back by the enemy. The lag behind our weapons and equipment is visible. The loyal Chinese soldiers faced the fierce aggressors, and they were fighting with their lives. "The soldiers of the Thirteen Army were so boring! The order they had to be in the position was to stay in the position, but where is the position here? Some temporary work is also flattened by artillery. Some are a new barrier in our flesh and blood of our loyal anti -Japanese soldiers! " Senior generals come to the front line of the front line--

Master Wang Zhonglian, he has a strong physique, tall body, black and solid face. The division was located in the cave of Yongguan, and a train was used as a command post. He and the four heads of the two brigades were instructed in front of the front line. The shell hurt his head. If there was not a helmet on the head, it would be unimaginable. The war deprived him of his right to sleep, and his thin and black showed that he was a loyal general who was a state of propaganda.

Tang Enbo, this iron man, he should not die. The Thirteen Army from the army to the service soldiers, they should not be killed! Everyone has determined to fight on the line of national liberation war. He did not see him in Suidong last winter. He wore a short shirt and shorts, and his fingers were smoked yellow. Since the launch of the war, there is no time to sleep. All the spirit of all use cigarettes. It is maintained like a "ghost". The scorching sun exposes the scorching oil, and those who have a large collar can reach into one hand. Only two commanders followed him, and the guards and service soldiers had already launched a line of fire. In

Fang Da wrote that Tang Enbo went to the front line to conduct command. When he saw the officers and soldiers, he could only say a sentence with a hoarse voice, "You can fight well", and you can't say the second sentence; when you see the soldiers on the position, two The eyes were full of tears, and he pulled back. The officers and soldiers could hardly recognize the person in front of them was their captain, and when he recognized him, he shed tears. Tang Enbo later fought many tough battles with the Japanese invaders. In addition to the Blood Battle of Nankou, he also participated in the Battle of Taierzhuang, Xuzhou Battle, Wuhan Battle, Zao Zao Battle, Zaoyi Battle, and Henan Battle and other large -scale battles. The Japanese army was hit. The Japanese army in North China was very afraid of Tang Enbo, thinking that the first enemy was the first. In the Anti -Japanese War, Tang has always been hailed as "anti -Japanese iron man", and its source comes from Fang Da Zeng's writing. From July 10th to September 18th, 1937, Fang Da had a footprint throughout Changxin Store, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan and Datong. Wherever there were battles and hot news, he rushed. In this interview, he met again with Fan Changjiang. In late August, Fang Changjiang Electric invited Fang Da to discuss the work in Datong and heard that Fang Da had gone to Suidong. It turned out that he heard that the Eighth Route Army advanced to Rehe. He rushed to the interview. Later, when he heard that the news was uncertain, he returned to Datong and Fan Yangtze River. Diligent Fang Da had not given up the responsibilities of reporters. He wrote long reports such as "South Baoding South" and "From Lady to Yanmen Pass" along the way. He wrote in "South Baoding": "Our war is not a civil war, so the military style applied to the civil war in the past should be fundamentally changed. This is a national anti -war, a national liberation struggle in life and death. Every citizen should be organized under the Anti -Japanese War. Only in this way can we grasp the final victory. "This alert deep insight still enables us to move today. Datong's war was tight. Fan Yangtze River and Fang Da had rushed to Shijiazhuang. As a well -known reporter Fan Changjiang and Fang Da Zeng, a well -known reporter who coordinated the front battlefield reporting mission, he still entered the Pinghan line and was responsible for the interview of the battlefield news. Fan Changjiang recalled- ——

At that time, Baoding was very tight, and the three divisions of General Wei Lihuang's division reinforced the south mouth for the end of the south. They were fighting with the enemy in Qingbaikou, upstream of the Yongding River. Xiaofang was extremely excited at the time. He not only had to go to Baoding, but also to go to the north of the north of Baoding. He brought sufficient blue ink, manuscript paper and photo equipment, and hurriedly boarded the train from Shijiazhuang to the north. When he fareched, I said, "I hope you can write a" war on the upper reaches of the Yongding River "!" He is very peaceful and firm The ground said to me: "I must have a good result to answer you!" (Fan Yangtze River "Yi Xiaofang")

This is the last farewell to the two reporters. Fang Da Zeng issued the last battlefield communication "Changhan Line's Northern Section" to Shanghai "Grand Press" in Li County, Shanxi on September 18, like a yellow crane, and there is no news again ...

▲ Fang Dazhao's last article on the battlefield communication "Changes in the North Section of Pinghan Line"

/ 05/837 shots

According to Fang Chengmin, his brother Fang Da had left home in July 1937, and he went home once in the middle. Since Changxindian was blocked by the Japanese army, then Pingjin fell. He had difficulty returning, and his mother and family were not news. To go, you can slightly relieve your thoughts on your loved ones. Fang Chengmin said that his brother took away the 40 film accumulated. He originally prepared it to use it to shoot the Sichuan famine. It is said that the people in Sichuan broke the grain and used Guanyin to fill their hunger. Foreign enemies invaded viciously, and he had to use it to resist the enemy's front line. Fang Dashao, a recorder of China who is internal and external, complete his mission with all his enthusiasm and life.

We noticed that Fang Da has been reported to the Pinghan Line Battlefield report, and its image report has been significantly reduced. The frontline commander of the ghost in the Jiyongguan Tunnel, the general who patrolled his soldiers with tears, the people who bombed under the bombing of the enemy aircraft, and the Chinese army visited the Chinese army on the eve of the war in China ... All of them should enter his The camera, but we didn't see it. As a battlefield photographer, when his eyes saw all this, his camera could not stop working. However, where is the conditions for washing them in the battlefield where the rainfall and smoke permeated? Those precious images are in his camera, in the backpacks of his fierce smoke, they are waiting for exposure, waiting for the appearance, waiting for the eyes of the world and inner heart. However, this will never be possible. As Fang Da Zeng Mystery disappears, those images have disappeared forever ...

After the Japanese invaders entered Peiping, Fang Dazeng's father burned some of the photos he reserved. Her sister Fang Chengmin firmly believes that her brother will come back one day. Due to the thoughts of his brother, he saves the next small wooden box, and the 837 negatives taken by the brother in it. These negatives are well preserved, and each one is packed in a paper bag, which is neatly placed. Here is the temperature of his brother's hands and brother. After a long years of experience, when I experienced turmoil, how many stomachs, lost their stomachs, lost several times, thanked, it was still there. Fang Chengmin changed from a lively girl to a white -haired old man. This little wooden box became part of her life. She stroked it, looked at it, and sometimes looked at the vague images in the film ... She has always lived in Xiehe Hutong In that old house, even if the irregular courtyard house moved into many people and turned into a big courtyard, she did not leave there.

She fantasized that the 25 -year -old brother pushed the door of the courtyard like before and walked in with a spring breeze. In her twilight years, she knew that these films had recorded a era. They were precious. She sorted out them and ran around, looking forward to seeing them again. After the photographer Mr. Ruan Yizhong knew, he visited the door and persuaded Fang Chengmin to take away 58 negatives. On the way back, a typhoon was encountered, and the plane was fiercely bumpy and could not land. On the occasion of life and death, Mr. Ruan Yizhong still remembered the negatives in the shoulder bag. After the plane landed safely, Mr. Ruan Yizhong washed these photos and published them in the magazine of "Photographers" hosted by him. These photos caused a sensation after the appearance, and Fang Dashao's name and experience were known to the world.

After that, Feng Xuelong, director of CCTV's documentary, filmed a documentary of "Looking for Fang Da Zeng", and disappeared on the front line of the Warfield reporter Fang Daze. The 25 -year -old youth who published battlefield communication and picture reports with Xiao Fang entered Our field of vision. In the end, the 837 photography film left by Fang Da was officially collected by the National Museum and became a permanent memory of our nation.

Recommended reading today: "Self -salvation in troubled times and the last days: modern Chinese intellectuals"

Zhou Shushan was published in December 2020 with Fudan University Press

Summary

The old and new alternation, social drama, a sporadic memory of the late Qing Dynasty, a mixed puzzle in the ideological world of the transition period, and the journey of the intellectuals of a generation.

Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Zhang Taiyan, Yan Fu, Huang Zunxian ...

They took root on the soil of the old culture, but did not surrender to the "instinct and enthusiasm inherited from the ancestor";

They stole fire species from the exotic, not only illuminating their own way, but also illuminating the road of the nation;

They are the "courses and courses" of the autocratic imperial power, and they stand on the threshold of the new era and shake the flags;

They are a group of losers, rushing, shouting, running for a hopeless fight;

They are the pioneers of the Enlightenment and the night guards of the awakening of society.

Table of contents

sequence

Chapter 1 The Loser at the End of the Road

On Chen Baozhen

Bitter rain, wind, dreams are also fascinated

——The Huang Zunxian before and after the 18900 coup

Wanli West Wind Goose Grace

——The transformation with modern China

Chapter 2 Old Culture and New Vitality

Enlightenment pioneer Kang Youwei

Liang Qichao mourn the chrysanthemum 超

Spring half like autumn fascination

——The journey of the heart of Liang Qimin returned to China

Avenue

——Liang Qichao's constitutional thought and practice

Self -salvation of the troubled times and the last days

Tang Shouqian: The national movement of the scholar

Chapter III Zhang Taiyan Two Three things

Lu Xun and Zhang Taiyan and Yan Fu

I see Zhang Taiyan

Mr. Taiyan's marriage

Zhang Taiyan was beaten

Zhang Taiyan, who lost freedom

Chapter 4 Substitute of Literary Sketching Period

Hidden world

Literati's ethics

A unique horse

The missing battlefield reporter Fang Daze

Empire politics of the defeat

——In the late Qing Dynasty reform and constitutional reform several nodes

- END -