牛 Industry to Chinese cows "iron rice bowl"

Text/Green China Rong Media Reporter Tie Yan

Before picking up this report, like a lot of people, I did not know that the milk I drank was directly related to a kind of grass named grass; I did not know that in order to ensure the quality and safety of the milk on the table of milk, the development and growth of the milk. A; industry; I don't know that in order to let the rice bowl of Chinese cows be in their hands, countless grass industry people have experienced countless hardships and twists and turns.

Thanks to the President of the Grass Industry Branch of the China Animal Husbandry Association and a professor at Beijing Forestry University. He told me in detail the little -known story behind the development of the grass and the industry.

Of course, thank the owner of the story. With their own efforts, they give Chinese cows "iron rice bowls" to make the Chinese dairy industry safer.

△ Professor Lu Xinshi was interviewed

Written a letter to the Prime Minister for Milk Safety Scientists

Years were back ten years ago.

The Grass Industry Branch of the China Animal Husbandry Association submitted a heavy report to the State Council's Prime Minister with the title of "Suggestions on Vigorously Promoting the Development of the Industry".

In the report, Liu Ying, Hong Yan, Zhang Baowen, Ren Jizhou, Zhang Ziyi, Nan Zhibiao, Yin Weilun, Li Wenhua, Liu Shu, etc. They are either heads of the former Ministry of Agriculture, or academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. The reporter of the report is Professor Lu Xinshi.

The report was a call from the grass industry colleagues under the context of the "melamine infant milk powder" incident in 2008. They hope to vigorously promote the lame industry and solve the quality and safety of dairy grass from the source.

After the "baby milk powder" incident, milk quality and safety have become the focus of Chinese people's attention. In order to reduce the occurrence of such incidents, relevant departments had to take measures such as adjusting the quality standards of milk acquisitions to solve this problem.

Grass industry scientists realized that this is only a measure of authority. To solve this problem in the long run, we must start with the high -quality forage industry, and ensure the quality and safety of raw materials milk from the source.

On the issue of solving this country's attention, scientists have unanimously optimistic about Cao Cao and believe that they will play an important role.

What is grassy grass? It is the most important bean feed crop in the world today, and is known as the "king of pastures."为 Industry is known as the "first workshop produced by milk".

These scientists believe that feeding dairy cows with cow is the most ideal technical way to transform plant protein into milk protein. Efficient nutrient source.

Feeding dried grass according to scientific standards can completely ensure that the dairy rate of raw milk milk reaches more than 3.0%, and the milk lipid rate reaches more than 3.5%. This will greatly exceed the national standard of current raw milk and be in line with international standards.

苜蓿 苜蓿 苜蓿 苜蓿 苜蓿. Practice has proved that feeding high -quality crickets can reduce cow metabolic disease, reduce the elimination rate of cows by more than 5%, and increase milk output by more than 20%.

The data provided by scientists is that each dairy cow can reduce the amount of food intake of 3 kg every day, which is equivalent to saving 1 acres of cultivated food output.

和 also has the effect of nitrogen fixation and improved soil. The cultivated land that has been planted can increase the output of more than 10%.

Scientists emphasize that the establishment of an industrial base and vigorously developing the 苜蓿 industry not only solve the fastest, most economical, most direct, and most effective way to solve the current raw materials milk, but also plays an important role in saving food and protecting the ecological environment.

△ Yulin area 丰 base is busy harvest

Milk safety must be grabbed from the foam industry

my country is a large country of resources and has the basic conditions for industrial development. Unfortunately, for many years, my country's industry development has been in a very difficult situation, and it has never become the basic guarantee for the cow breeding industry. Before the "baby milk powder" incident, my country ’s cricket production was less than 100,000 tons per year, and most of them were sold to the zoo. There was no cow to eat.

In this regard, scientists have described five major reasons:

First, the traditional planting industry in my country is a two -yuan structure, namely grain crops and economic crops. There is no incorporation of feed crops into the planting industry, and it is not fully aware of the important relationship between grass and saving feed grain.

Second, in our country, it is mainly based on self -use, without industry planning and professional layout, the industrial foundation is weak, lacks awareness of commercialization production, and does not form circulation products that can meet the needs of the breeding industry.

Third, 多 is a perennial pasture, and the early production is low. It needs support. However, the planters not only could not enjoy the preferential preferential planting subsidy policy, but were affected by other planting subsidies, which caused the enthusiasm for production.

Fourth, the production methods and processing equipment of cymbals are special. Cao Cao is a loose item, which increases production difficulty, production costs and logistics costs.

Fifth, the cultivation and support for leading enterprises are not enough, the development of enterprises is difficult, the production scale is small, the product quality is unstable, and the market cultivation is not sound.

A more severe reality is that after the "baby milk powder" incident, American grass products have increased their exports to China. From 2007 to 2010, the import volume of grass products in my country increased by 48 times. This shows that the risk of Chinese dairy industry depends on foreign grass products.

my country ’s industry is in the initial stage of development and is very fragile, which is very disproportionate to the scale of the dairy industry. It is urgently needed to regulate, guide and support the strong national policies and technologies.

Scientists have suggested that they will vigorously promote artificial planting, establish high -quality high -yielding production bases, accelerate the change of grass production methods, develop independent industries, reduce risks relying on foreign countries, and long -term guarantee high -quality safety production in animal husbandry. After repeated discussions, scientists made four specific suggestions in the report.

The first is to establish a strategic position of the industry. Do a good job of the overall development plan and regional layout of the industry, and incorporate the artificial planting of high -quality pastoral grass and other high -quality pastures into the crop planting system, and uniformly plan and manage unified management. Change the traditional grassland production concept and change the production method. It is necessary to plant ravioli like grain; to promote the truly high -quality and efficient new industry.

The second is to establish and develop large-scale professional industrial bases of grass products, implement high-quality and high-yield and safe "苜蓿-milk industry" safety projects, and promote the "苜蓿-milk industry" project model for scale breeding.

Third, the national and local governments have issued corresponding supporting policies for planting. Through policy subsidies, they have supported and encouraged professional cooperative organizations and cows breeding households to carry out extensive "planting, feeding dairy cows" to encourage the development of planting planting.

Fourth, we must vigorously cultivate leading enterprises in the industry, effectively ensure the quality of products, and create a "苜蓿-dairy" production safety system with Chinese characteristics.

The then Premier of the State Council, Wen Jiabao, instructed in this report: Agree. To solve the problem of milk quality and safety, you must start from the foam industry.

History has proven that the report has contributed to an important turning point in the history of my country's industrial development.

Revitalizing Dairy 开始 Industry Starting Action

In 2012, my country's industry development began to enter a new stage.

This year's Central Document No. 1 proposed the "Starting the Development Action for Revitalizing Dairy Industry." To this end, the relevant ministries and commissions have arranged a certain central financial funds.

On June 29 of the same year, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the "Guidelines for the Implementation of High -yield High -quality High -quality 苜蓿 Demonstration Construction Projects in 2012". The "Guidance Opinions" requires the organization of standardized production and processing, highlighting product quality, transforming traditional forage production methods, establishing and improving the new type of pupae industry system, and providing high -quality pasture for milk industry production.

"Guidance" clearly put forward specific goals and tasks. The production level of the project area is 400 kilograms per mu, and the yield per mu under irrigation has reached 800 kg. The crude protein content of cymbal products reaches more than 18%, and the relative feed value reaches more than 125%.

The "Guidance Opinions" pays special attention to the effect of cow application. In the assessment indicators, it is specifically indicated that after the cow feeding demonstration area, the fresh milk protein content reaches more than 3.0%, and the milk fat reaches more than 3.5%.

Lu Xinshi believes that the implementation of the development project of the revitalization of the milk industry has completely changed the traditional production method of our country.

He was glad to see that for the first time in my country's production, the production and large -scale requirements for the production of the 看到, and began to get rid of the traditional small agricultural economic production method; the production of 苜蓿 production began to directly connect the cow, and used milk indicators to evaluate the implementation effect of the project; Cao Cao The industry began to move towards professionalism, commercialization, and marketization; a series of policies in the central and local governments have driven social investment development. The grass industry brings advanced corporate culture and modern management ideas, and injects new vitality into the industry.

China ’s pupa industry has changed in ten years

Looking back on the journey of "revitalizing the development of the milk industry" for ten years, Lu Xinshi's evaluation is that "our country has made great progress."

In terms of production scale, the industry occupies half of all the foam industry.

Lu Xinshi counted the artificial planting area of ​​32 kinds of forage nationwide. Among them, the area of ​​forage production accounts for 55%of the total area. Among the 13 kinds of commodity grass planting area, 苜蓿 Commodity grass accounts for 40%of all total area. In the production of 21 perennial forage seeds, 77%.

Lu Xinshi said that by 2020, the total output of various types of forage commodities in the country will be close to 10 million tons, of which 3.85 million tons of commercial grass, almost 40%of all commercial grass. In the production of dried grass bundles, 49%of the dried grass bundles, and 30%of the silage.

The data provided by Lu Xinshi are: In the production of seeds, the seed production area of ​​the seeds accounts for 77%of the total production area of ​​perennial pasture seeds, and the seed output accounts for 54%of the total annual pastoral seed yield. Among the variety of non -seed fields, about 38.3%, reaching 2202 tons.

Lu Xinshi said that the development capacity of 发展 companies far exceeds other grass companies. According to statistics in 2020, 13 perennial pasture enterprises processed 4.47 million tons of various products, of which 2.08 million tons of processing products were processed.总 Products account for 46.5%of the total processing of all processing.

From 2010 to 2019, the grass in my country provided 8.4 million tons of qualified dried grass for the dairy industry, which is equivalent to providing 1.3 million tons of high -quality protein and 4 million tons of high -quality cellulose. High -quality fibers also guarantee the health of cows, increase milk yield, extend the milk period, and reduce the occurrence of disease.

In 2020, the current situation of the Dairy Industry of the China Dairy Industry believes that the milk indicators exceed the expectations of the "revitalizing milk industry".

"The Chinese dairy industry has entered the best historical period." Lu Xinshi said that in this historic major change, the Chinese industry played an important role and played an important role. △ Dry grass bundle processing

仅 Industry harvest is not only pastoral grass

As the sponsor, participants and witnesses, Lu Xinshi highly evaluated the "Revitalizing Dairy Development Action".

my country's 到 industry has been developed. To sum up the gains, Lu Xinshi is like a few treasures.

The biggest harvest is to create a professional industrial army. From 2012 to 2021, the number of grass companies increased by 2.7 times. Among the companies that implement corporate systems in the country, companies account for 83.5%of the total number of enterprises. The corporate system under the company system has become the main body of the grass industry. Some scattered cooperatives and individual households are gradually transforming and upgrading to professionalism and institutionalization. , Standardize the transformation of enterprises. An industrial army with market regulation, social supervision, and government guidance is gradually growing.

The second harvest was to create a group of professional industrial clusters. So far, my country has initially formed a pattern of ten major industrial clusters, with a total planting scale of 3.97 million mu. These industrial clusters are the backbone of the commercial grass.

The third harvest is forging a professional technical team for the industry. In order to meet the needs of industrial development, a number of scientific and technological innovation platforms have been established, and the national pastoral technology system has been established. The national pasture industry technology innovation strategic alliance, the national grass industry science and technology innovation alliance, and a number of local provinces and cities have emerged. A large number of scientific and technological personnel move towards the front line of the industry to serve farmers, serve industry, and serve enterprises.

Another harvest is to create a group of professional industrial models. For example, the "Grass Industry Management Committee+Association" model of the Arukorqin Banner, Gansu Dingxi's "Policy Quotation+Project Push+Technology Promotion+Typical Belt" model, Yuyang, Shaanxi, "resource change funds -capital change change change Stocks -farmers change shareholders "model, Inner Mongolia Mengcao Group's" Research Institute+Big Data+Ecological Package "model and so on. The government set up a Taiwan and the enterprise to sing, and the development of the industry wrote an entrepreneurial poem.

Tribute to the entrepreneurial champion and "first"

In the decade of "revitalizing the development of the milk industry", many entrepreneurial feats have been completed. Lu Xinshi led the team to conscientiously take stock of ten years of storms and listed a "champion list". He said that this "champion list" may not be perfect, or it may also be leaked, but it contains the infinite admiration and gratitude of the entrepreneurs in the grass industry.

"Without these people, there is no Chinese industry today." Lu Xinshi said affectionately.

The first name of the "No. 1 List" should be the first batch of "pioneering entrepreneurs". Around 2000, these companies have embarked on the road of professionalism, large -scale, and market -oriented. These companies are the earliest producers of the earliest 100,000 tons of commercial grass in my country and are the initiative of the establishment of the grass industry. These entrepreneurial companies have adhered to the industry for more than 20 years, and have experienced low valleys, stubbornness, and failures, but to this day, they finally ushered in a new period of development of the 苜蓿 industry.

The second place in the "No. 1 Championship" is the first specialized industrial cluster. According to Lu Xinshi, this industrial cluster is assembled in 2011, and has participated by 6 listed companies, 31 companies, and 21 cooperatives. In the past ten years, the government has invested 210 million construction roads and basic facilities for hydropower, and 2.3 billion enterprises and social capital have been invested in physical production. At present, the total area of ​​the production area is 500,000 acres, with an annual output of 200,000 tons to 300,000 tons of dry grass bundles. Its production scale, management experience, and social services have the characteristics of collecting production areas. Although it encounters water resources restrictions and control, it also provides new industrial technical opportunities for water -saving irrigation and resources in the production area.

Looking back at the development history of the ten -year development of the industry, Lu Xinshi talked about many "first" that should be written in the book ......

质 The first product quality highland of the industry is located in Jiuquan, Wuwei, Yongchang and other places distributed in the Hexi Corridor. This is the main production highland of high -quality dried grass in my country, and it is a strong competition area with the American competition market. The earliest batch of production enterprises in my country was born here, with a planting area of ​​more than 300,000 mu, and a number of dried grass brands were created. This area has a long history, rich experience, advanced ideas, and the climate is suitable for dry grass processing. The proportion of 苜蓿 special and superior grass bundles produced here accounts for 20%, and the first level can reach 60%.

my country's first industrialized silage bag was born in Bengbu in 2012. For the first time, the key technologies of the large -scale silage were broke through the first batch of 20,000 packs and 150,000 tons. Silafging bags and later large -scale stacked storage and kiln storage provided a model for my country's cricket production in rainy and humid areas.

The high -yielded fields produced in the scale of the seeds of the first part of my country appeared in Jiuquan, Gansu. The production area is about 2400 acres, and the seed output can reach 60 kg per mu. The entire production process is mechanized. This model not only provides a set of seed production technology, but its successful experience is to tailor -made clothes and moderate scale, which provides a model for the development of the industry.

my country's first column supports Tibet's grass products, the opening time is March 30, 2018. It was a train from Dingxi, Gansu to Tibet, with 20 cars, with a full load of 1,200 tons of pasture. According to the strategic cooperation agreement between Tibet and Gansu, more than 100 grass products will be sent to Tibet.苜蓿 苜蓿 苜蓿 苜蓿 苜蓿 苜蓿

Alas, it is the abbreviation of purple flowers, bean family, perennial herb, and the flowers are pure purple. Purple flowers can be naturally hybridized with yellow flowers, forming miscellaneous flowers, and the colors include purple, 绛, orchid, green, yellow, white, etc.

After the flowers bloom, leave a light fragrance.

From 2011 to 2015, the Ministry of Land and Resources implemented the "National Land Development and Finishing Plan", supplemented 24 million mu of cultivated land for the country. Yuyang District, Yulin District, Shaanxi has compiled 200,000 acres of Maowu Sand, of which 100,000 acres were used for planting.

Local introduced the Land Seed Industry Group Corporation as a leading enterprise, leading a number of companies and cooperatives to develop industry. Today's Yuyang has become a new cluster area. Lu Xinshi said that the Yuyang model solves the relationship between cultivated land and grassland, grass planting and grain planting.

黄 Industry has become a vital force to implement the strategy of development of the Yellow River.

Since 2018, Lantao County, Henan Province has introduced a number of enterprises to settle in and signed a number of cooperation agreements for Yellow River Beach. The first batch of 27,000 mu 开 has been rewarded. Today, the Yellow River Beach has become one of the cluster production areas with the highest yield and the most potential for salary.

Scientific and technological personnel have escorted the healthy and rapid development of the industry. In 2019, after the state proposed the establishment of a group standard system, the China Animal Husbandry Association organized experts and technical personnel of the National Grass Industry Science and Technology Innovation Alliance to draft and promulgated the standard of dried grass groups and the standards of salary groups.

This is the first group of group standards for grass products in my country, which has played a guiding role in industrial development and product quality control.

△ Arukor Qin Banner 科 Base

China ’s 苜蓿 industry still needs to work hard

Ten years of wind and cloud, ten years.

Ten years have passed away, and our country's industrial development has achieved outstanding results. There are both gains and innovations, and also brought more thoughts to the grass industry such as Lu Xinshi.

On the occasion of ten years, more and more people have reached more consensus in accelerating the development of the industry.

Niu Yang's rations are as important as people's rations. Therefore, while attaching great importance to grain safety, we must also establish a grass and sheep livestock safety system. The feed supply of grass food livestock is also an important part of food safety. It is necessary to effectively grasp the production of forage to ensure the safety of the rations of livestock.

Lu Xinshi said that in order to solve the source of animal protein, my country's soybean imports have reached 100 million tons, accounting for 1/2 of global soybean imports. If the rations are 100%self -sufficient, 300 million mu of cultivated soybeans are needed, so some people say that this is the "soybean life door" of China's grain problems. In the past 10 years, domestic 奶 has provided 1.3 million tons of high -quality protein, which is equivalent to 27 million mu of soybeans. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the high -quality protein and high -quality fiber functions of propaganda, reducing the pressure of "soybean life door". The Grass Industry Branch will organize technical experts to propose a "苜蓿-soybean equivalent" conversion system as soon as possible to provide scientific basis for national land adjustment.

At present, all agricultural production is a crop for forced to use the worst -quality land. The expensive land rent has accounted for more than 1/2 of the production cost, accounting for 1/3-1/4 of total income. 5 6.59 million mu of commercial grass bases, the cost of rent is required to pay 3.3 billion yuan each year, and some enterprises have to transfer production and turnover. To this end, the grass industry appealed not to make the land into the "life door" of the development of the industry.

Regarding the lack of the development of the industry, Lu Xinshi said nothing. He said that there are still many defects in the current development of the industry. In terms of science and technology, it is necessary to be more suitable for excellent varieties and sources of cluster production areas, to solve the supporting technologies and key technologies of the wintering, and to increase the number and level of the first -level and superior grass bundles. In terms of management, we need to improve the level of professional management of enterprises, and further support and concern for policies and society.

From the perspective of Lu Xinshi and his peers, the development of the cymbal industry is not only to ensure the "rations" of Chinese cows, but also directly related to the food safety of more than 1.4 billion people in my country. Therefore, we need to continue to get attention and continue to develop.

Hope in the next 10 years!

Hope in the future! ("Green China 2022.6B)

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