City Fireworks in the "Back Gate" of the Imperial City

Di'anmen Inner Street is located on the central axis in Beijing. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the imperial city and inner city were connected. Since modern times, it has witnessed the changes in history and the exploration of literati and scholars on China's development path. The city's fireworks, literati scholars and revolutionary pioneers met here to compose the past and present life of Da'anmen Inner Street.

In 1920, from Jingshan Wanchun Pavilion to the north of the Emperor Hall, Di'anmen, Drum Tower.

Logistics support for the back of the dynasty

Di'anmen Inner Street starts from Dianmen to the north, and south to Jingshan Back Street. Di'anmen is one of the iconic buildings on the central axis of Beijing, and the north gate of the imperial city of the Ming and Qing dynasties. During the Ming Dynasty, the Beananmen and Hou Daomen were called the Gate of the Qing Dynasty. And demolition.

In the Ming Dynasty, Da'anmen Inner Street belongs to the scope of the imperial city. It is mainly distributed in the logistics support institutions that serve Zi forbidden City. East of Di'anmen Inner Street, north and south are Shangyi Supervisor and Sai set up. Needle work bureau, scarf and hat bureau, leather room, paper house, wine vinegar situation, internal weaving dye bureau, gunpowder bureau, etc.; West of the street is the internal official supervisor, which is mainly responsible for the royal construction project. Wait. Ansle hall is located near the southeast of Di'anmen, which is a place where the eunuchs of the court are affected by the diseased body. "There are 72 red shops outside the imperial city, and ten officials are laid." The red shop is the post of the guards of the guards, and there are special officers and military patrols. The imperial city gate of the Ming Dynasty was banned, and the entry and exit personnel were investigated. At the same time, the entry and exit time would be limited. The unusual people could get involved.

In the Qing Dynasty, the red shops used by Huangcheng to guard were reduced to 16. The scene in the imperial city is also different from the Ming Dynasty. According to the Qing Dynasty Wu Changyuan's "Yuanyuan Consciousness": "The residents in the imperial city are very thick today, so Dong'an, Xi'an, and Di'an are closed without locking. Those who are stable are not restricted. "Because the Ming Dynasty Agency on both sides of Di'anmen Inner Street was mostly abolished in the Qing Dynasty, there was a large number of open spaces to arrange dwellings. This area even became a dense area for streets and alleys. With the stability of the regime, the development of the commodity economy, and the frequent exchanges of the nation, the division of the Manchu and the Han Dynasty has been further broken, and the imperial city has become more open.

In addition to the residential houses, the main affairs of the Ming Dynasty's internal supervisory office were the Qing Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, as well as many temples and temple views. The former Supreme Monetic Jianjian Jianhuang Temple was established, and the old site was established to build the Cihui Temple. In addition, there were Grand Buddha Halls, Guanyinyu, and a number of Zhenwu Temples. Inheritance of the system.

In the "Qianlong Beijing Full Map", we can find the traces of the Ming Dynasty's Office from the naming of the Hutong at that time, such as the internal officials of the Hutong, Si Li Jianhu, Mongzi Hutong, towel hats, Hutong, Hutong, and Hutong in the Inner Weaving Dyeing Bureau, Wax library alley. The court service agencies retained on both sides of Da'anmen Inner Street include rice salt library, flowers explosion, and curtain library. Hua Bao is responsible for making fireworks and firecrackers, while the curtain library is used to store the bamboo curtains used in summer for the palace, which continues part of the functions of the previous supervision. In the Ming Dynasty, the Division was responsible for preserving the ceremonies, cushions, winter and summer curtains, drooling mattes, tent manties, and the rain, rain tops, and umbrellas required when it rained. According to Liu Ruoyu, an eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, the "things are the most annoying" in the gate, far less than that of the internal official supervisor "the surplus is fat".

From the perspective of the location, although Di'anmen Inner Street is located in the imperial city, it is inconspicuous compared to the beauty of the Forbidden City, compared with the beautiful scenery of Xiyuan, the towering Taimiao and the important national institutions distributed in front of Tiananmen. But as an important part of logistics support, it is an indispensable existence to maintain the normal operation of the Forbidden City.

Except for the old cloth new literary cradle

The painting hutong was originally one of the ten works of the Ming Dynasty official supervisors -the location of the paint work, and it has evolved into a place name in the Qing Dynasty, that is, paint as an alley. During the Republic of China, the paint No. 1 was the house of Puyi British teacher Johnson. Johnston was the secretary of the Governor of Hong Kong in 1900. He was able to speak fluent Chinese. He had research on the historic collections and Buddhism, and was an authentic "China". He is the first and last foreigner in Chinese history. In 1934, Johnston published his memoir "Dusk in the Forbidden City", revealing his inspection in the palace, and the film "The Last Emperor" used this book as a background.

There are two goose -winged buildings on the north head of Di'anmen Inner Street. In 1923, the Garden Garden of the Palace Palace caught fire, and many treasures turned into ashes. Because the fire was likely to be a man -made arson in order to cover up the act of covering the treasures in the stolen palace, Pu Yi drove all the eunuchs out of the Forbidden City with the advice of the teacher Johnson and placed it in the Yanki Tower. The Yanfang Tower was later demolished with Di'anmen, and it is now reconstructed. The overall size is slightly smaller than the original building. Xiyan Wing Tower is now a Chinese bookstore.

Mr. Zhu Guangqian, a modern aestheticist and literary theorist, once lived at No. 3 Cihui Hall, Cihui Temple of Da'anmen Inner Street. According to himself, "Cihui Hall does not have a temple. The temple provides the Bodhisattva. "Compared with the" Qianlong Beijing Full Map ", it can be seen that there is indeed a Cihui Temple during the Qianlong period, and the small temples in the western side of Zhu Guangqian are more like the Guanyin 庵 on the map. It's just that the world is changed. Zhu Guangqian has organized reading clubs many times, like cultural salons, invited celebrities from all walks of life to participate, such as Zhu Ziqing and Yu Pingbo from Tsinghua, Liang Zongxi, Luo Niansheng, Ye Gongchao from Peking University, and Bingxin, Ling Shuhua, Lin Huiyin, Shen Congwen, etc. Later, they all became everyone in the Chinese academic community.

The Cihui Hall Hutong is now renamed Cihui Hutong. Here and nearby Cihui Temple were once a place for the secret activities of the CPC Peiping underground party. Underground workers Guo Jiaan, Li Yanhua, and Su Xiaozhong lived here, and many comrades came here to connect and meet. This area is also the main venue of the Chinese Left -Wing Drama Alliance Peiping League led by the CCP's underground party. The Peiping Opera Federation, which was established in 1932, rehearsed the revolutionary repertoire here, among which the composer Nie Er. In 1958, the biographical film "Nie Er" was specially selected here to do the location. Hanmo Fragrant literati gathers

The Mi Grain Store Hutong of Da'anmen Inner Street was the old site of the "Mi Salt Store" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Republic of China, a famous mansion appeared- "Shuyuan". Chen Zongfan, the owner of "Shuyuan", the word Liang Liang, No. Shuyuan, Fuzhou. In 1923, Chen Zongfan purchased a more than ten acres of houses in the Mi Grain Library Hutong and designed itself as a garden -style house. Chen Yuan, a historian and the president of Fu Jen University, borrowed the south house of Shuyuan, and the historian Fu Sinian borrowed the north house of Shuyuan. Professor Hu Shi, a Professor of Peking University, lived in the 4th Courtyard on the west of Shuyuan. This area can be described as a place where literati and writers live.

Hu Shi took his family to the No. 4 Courtyard of Mi Grain Store Hutong in December 1930. This is his long -lasting home in Peiping, with six or seven years. Hu Shi's disciple and secretary Rolgang once described Hu Shi's house: "Mi Grain Store No. 4 is a generous ocean building. In front of the ocean building is a large courtyard with trees, flower gardens, and walking squares. Automobile room. From the gate to the Yanglou is a long road ... There are three floors of the foreign tower, and the first floor enters the door to be a cloak room, entering the house, the living room on the left, and the restaurant on the right ... The lobby is tall and wide. In the big dance hall, Hu Shi is used as a library. The south of the hall is a square room, which is Hu Shi's study. "

There are many rooms of Hu Shi's house. In addition to Hu Shi's study, family's bedroom, and maid's house, there are many free rooms, which have become rooms for Hu Shi's relatives and friends. Xu Beihong, Xu Zhimo, Ding Wenjiang and other friends came to Peiping and were invited to live in Xiaoyang Tower.

Due to the mildness of Hu Shi's character, his wife Jiang Dongxiu is enthusiastic and hospitable, and the residential space is wide, Hu Shijia has become a settlement of friends and cultural people. When you come here to eat and narrate old guests, they will praise this yard for modern and comfortable. Historian He Ziquan had arrived in this house. He saw that guests were full of young students. They had questions and answers, discussions, debates, and enthusiastic atmosphere. After Hu Shi became famous, in addition to his classmates and friends who came to visit, people from Anhui in his hometown were also in groups. Beijing's House House almost became the Anhui Guild Hall. Hu Shi also celebrated his 40th birthday here.

After Hu Shi, the painter Chen Banding moved in here and planted more trees and flowers in the courtyard, called it "five acres (acres) gardens". From 1938 to 1951, his calligraphy and painting works were mostly "works in the five acres of garden", and Chen Banding reached the peak of his painting art here. The "five acres of garden" has also become a place where artists in Beijing often meet, and there are gatherings almost every week. For a while, the "Zhou Yan" of Chen Banding's family was passed on.

Content source: Beijing Daily Supplement

Author: Du Wang

Author Unit: China Institute of Chinese Cultural Research Institute of China Art Research Institute

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