National Elderly Health Propaganda Week ｜ Prevention of infectious diseases Caring for the health of the elderly

With the increase of age, the immune function of the elderly has gradually decreased, and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases often have a significant increase in risk of infectious diseases. Once the elderly have infections, the condition is often heavier, which seriously affects the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, the elderly people should be one of the key groups of immune protection. Common infectious diseases of the elderly include influenza, pneumonia, infectious diseases, and shingles.

Influence

Fluid is not the same as ordinary colds. Although it has certain self -limits, there are severe influenza in the elderly, children, and pregnant women. The harm of the elderly suffering from flu is mainly reflected in:

01

High risk of intensive or critical influenza. The elderly, especially patients with chronic lung disease, have low immunity, and are likely to occur with severe influenza characterized by high fever, severe cough, and dyspnea, and even critical influenza, which endangers patient life.

02

Prone to lung infection. The elderly are more prone to pneumonia and secondary lung infections after influenza, which leads to patients need to be hospitalized or extend the hospitalization time.

03

Increase basic diseases. Most of the elderly have chronic basic diseases, such as chronic respiratory diseases, chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, etc., which can easily cause the worsening of chronic diseases after the flu.

04

The emergence of various complications. Each system of the elderly is low, and various complications are prone to occur after infection, such as respiratory failure, electrolyte disorders, and acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Infectious diseases of pneumonia

Pneumococcus infection mainly causes large leaf pneumonia, manifested as sudden high fever, cold war, severe pain in pleura, cough rusty sputum. Some patients can occur in bacteria during high fever. Pneumococcus can also invade other parts of the body, causing secondary pleurisy, otitis media, tractitis, endometritis, and purulent meningitis.

Elderly people over 65 years old and people with basic diseases are one of the common people infected with pneumonia. The aggressive diseases such as meningitis and sepsis are important causes of death.

In Europe and the United States, about 30%to 50%of the adult community obtaining pneumonia hospitalization cases are related to infection of pneumococcus infections. In our country, pneumonia -bacterial diseases are not a legal reporting disease, and lack of systematic monitoring materials. According to the 2015 China Health Statistical Yearbook, the number of people from pneumonia in 2014 was 1.873 million, and the mortality rate was 0.64%. The above elderly people account for 16.7%[1].

Shingle

Sons of shingles is a common infectious disease caused by the adequate festival after the initial infection after the spinal cord or in the intracranial nerve. The incidence increased significantly with the increase of age, and is one of the infectious diseases that are susceptible to suffering from middle -aged and elderly people over 50. There are 1.56 million people in China every year in China [2].

Zospellings usually occur in the lumbosacral and facials. Non -specific symptoms such as fever, headache, and myogenia before rash. A rash occurs after a few days. The rash is usually located on the side of the body. Essence The pain in pain is diverse, and pain can be "sword -cut", "acupuncture", "burning sample" and other pain. The acute period pain is very severe. The study reported that the degree of pain exceeds childbirth and cancer pain, which seriously affects the daily life and work of patients. Some patients have postpartum pain, and pain can last for several months or years.

Immune prevention prevention of the above diseases

The above three diseases have good vaccines to prevent. The elderly should enhance vaccination to vaccinate the awareness of prevention of diseases, and actively vaccinate influenza vaccines, pneumonia, and shingles vaccines.

01

The age of the elderly (September-October) per year (September to October) can effectively prevent the occurrence of influenza diseases.

02

Early elderly people over the age of 50 can pick up pneumonia's vaccine early, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases such as large leaf pneumonia and their complicated bacteria, meningitis and other diseases.

03

The interval between 2-6 months of inoculation and 2 doses of shingles is an important measure for neuralgia after the elderly over the age of 50 to prevent shingles and herpes zoster, which is of great significance to improve the quality of life of the elderly.

references

[1]

National Health and Family Planning Commission. 2015 China Health and Family Planning Statistics Yearbook [M]. Beijing: China Union Medical University Press, 2015.

[2]

Li Y, An Z, Yin D, et al. Disease Burden Due to Herpes Zoster Among Population AGED &>/= 50 Years Old in China: A Community Based Retrospective Survey [J]. E0152660.

Source: Immune Prevention Management Office

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