"Ask the sky" ten questions -detailed explanation of the launch mission of the Chinese Space Station Ask Sky
Author:Rui Technology Time:2022.07.26
On the afternoon of July 24th, the Long March 5 Yao Three Lauret Rockets held up and asked the experimental cabin to fly into the sky. After about 13 hours, I asked the Tianjie Experimental Curring and the core compartment combination successfully. At 10:03 on July 25th, Shenzhou 14 Aerospace successfully opened the questioning compartment door of the Qi Tian, and successfully entered the experimental compartment of the Qi Tian. This is the first time that Chinese astronauts have entered the scientific experimental cabin on the orbit.
What does "ask the sky"? What did you bring? What experiments can I do? What are the black technology ... "Ask the sky" ten questions, and interpret the launching task of the Chinese Space Station in detail.
On July 24th, the Long March 5 Yao Three Launar Rockets equipped with the Wentian Experimental Class was launched at the Wenchang Aerospace launcher in my country. Xinhua News Agency reporter Tian Dingyu Photo
One question: What does "ask the sky" look like?
Qi Tian's experimental cabin is the second cabin section of China Space Station and the first scientific experimental cabin. It is mainly used to support astronauts' residence, outlet activities, and launching space science experiments. Management.
"The total length of the experimental compartment body is 17.9 meters, 4.2 meters in diameter, and the launch weight is about 23 tons. It is the most heavier and largest single aircraft in my country." Zhang Hao, the overall director of the Fifth Hospital Space Station System of Aerospace Technology Group.
On July 24th, the Long March 5 Yao Three Launar Rockets equipped with the Wentian Experimental Class was launched at the Wenchang Aerospace launcher in my country. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Cheng,
Second question: Why does "ask the sky" launch?
"Ask the Tianjie experimental cabin to meet with the space station sky and the core compartment. Therefore, it must be launched at the specified time, that is, the" zero window "launch, otherwise it will not be able to reach the designated location. Then you need to wait for the next launch window to re -organize launch, which seriously affects the task cycle. "Liu Bing, the overall deputy deputy director of the Lord Rockets of Aerospace Technology Group, said that the launch was the first time that the long -term rocket was executed" Zero window "launch task.
Liu Bing introduced that the Long March 5 -carrying rocket applied the take -off time deviation correction technology, with a maximum correction time of 2.5 minutes. "Popular understanding, at any time of time in this period of 0 to 2.5 minutes, the Rockets can automatically modify the flight deviation caused by delayed launch during the flight, and send the experimental cabin to the predetermined track accurately."
Three questions: "Ask the sky" is so huge, how can you "wear a needle"?
Ask the Tiantian's experimental compartment size and soft wings. When lifting, the engine has relatively smaller engine thrust and greater feather flow interference. In various cases, it is coupled, which brings many problems to the connection between the meeting. Song Xiaoguang, deputy director of the GNC System of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said: "The seniors have left a lot of experience, including some algorithms and strategies. On this basis, we have made a lot of design and simulation on the experimental compartment of the Tiangtian. verify."
"Specific measures, on the one hand, accurate the parameters, and on the other hand, they have stronger adaptability in the algorithm." Song Xiaoguang said.
Fourth question: Can the astronauts enter "Ask the sky" immediately?
At 3:13 on the 25th, I asked the Tianjie Experimental Curring to complete the connection with the meeting with the core compartment combination. About 7 hours later, the Shenzhou 14th astronauts multiplied by group entered the test compartment. Why did the astronauts not immediately enter the questioning compartment of the question after the meeting?
"After launching and completing the docking, astronauts cannot enter the test cabin directly. For the first time, the astronauts need to enter at least the following steps: first, starting the harmful gas purification function in the cabin in advance to establish an environment that meets the conditions of people, including the in -cabin, including the cabin in the cabin The pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed have been carried out from the ground; the second step is to ensure that the pressure of the sky and the core compartment, the aisle, and the questioning of the heavenly experimental cabin can be easily opened to open the door. "Aerospace Luo Yabin, chief designer of the Sinica Experimental Card Environment Control System System, said.
After entering the test cabin, the astronauts will immediately carry out busy finishing work, including material handling, living environment arrangement, scientific experiment preparation, and preparation of the cabin activities to arrange the "Space House" more reasonable, spacious, and comfortable.
On July 24th, the Long March 5 Yao Three Launar Rockets equipped with the Wentian Experimental Class was launched at the Wenchang Aerospace launcher in my country. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Cheng,
Five questions: What did you bring in "Ask the Sky"?
Asked the experimental compartment consisting of working cabin, air gate and resource cabin. The working cabin in the test cabin is nearly 10 meters long, and it is currently the largest manned sealing spacecraft compartment in my country. There is the air gate behind the working cabin, which will be used for the space officer out of the cabin later. Then there is the resource cabin.
The main equipment layout of the test compartment in the cabin is in the working cabin, and 8 experimental cabinets are loaded, including life ecological experimental cabinets, biotechnology experimental cabinets, gravity -changing scientific experimental cabinets, scientific glove boxes, low -temperature storage cabinets, and 3 subsequent pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -premissionss There are 3 sleep areas, 1 sanitary area, and the equipment required for platform flight. "There are 22 load adapters outside the cabin, just like moving a large scientific laboratory to space." Zhang Hao said.
Six questions: What experiments can "ask the sky"?
The main task of asking the test compartment is the study of life science and biotechnology. The most "gold content" in the cabin is 8 scientific experimental cabinets with 8 meters wide, 1.8 meters high, and a depth of 0.8 meters.
Lu Congmin, deputy chief chief of manned space engineering space application system and researcher of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Space Application Center, introduced that the life ecological experimental cabinet will carry out spatial growth experiments to develop nanda, fruit flies, zebrafish and other animals and plants; , Space protein crystallization and analysis, protein and nucleic acid co -origin and spatial biomechanics and other experiments; gravity science experimental cabinets support the development of complicated fluid physics, granular material movement and other science at different gravity levels such as macro -gravity, simulation of moon gravity, Mars gravity, etc. Studies; scientific glove boxes provide clean and closed space and temperature and humidity environment control. Configuring a dexterous robotic arm with fine cell-level fine operation capabilities, providing safe and efficient support for astronauts to operate multi-disciplinary experimental samples; low temperature storage from -80 ° C to 4 ° C storage The cabinet can meet the different temperature needs of different experimental samples. Energy particles detectors and plasma in situ imaging detectors are deployed outside the experimental cabin to provide support and support for the health operation of astronauts and space stations, and can be used for basic research on space environment.
On July 25th, Shenzhou No. 14 Aerospace Piece, taken by the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center, entered the questioning compartment of the questioning sky. The astronauts Chen Dong (middle), Liu Yang (right), and Cai Xuzhe entered the experimental cabin. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Zhongzheng Photo
Seven questions: How does "ask the sky" and "Tianhe" cooperate in work?
Compared to a aircraft or a spacecraft, the combination of multiple spacecraft is more complicated to control. Zhang Hao introduced that after the connection between the Tiangan Experimental Class and the core compartment of the sky and the core compartment, the combination of these two cabins should be controlled as a whole. Ask the platform's platform function with the sky and core compartment.
Eight questions: What is the function of "Ask the Sky" flexible solar wing?
The solar wing carried by the Tiantian experimental cabin is currently the longest and largest flexible solar wing in China, which refreshed the record of the use of the solar windsurgery in the rail of my country's spacecraft.
Song Xiaoguang introduced that the sun wings use double -axis control. With the stance of the cabin, it can adjust the orientation at any time without adjustment.
After the completion of the space station, a sun and winding of the sky and the core cabin will be transferred to the tail of the resource compartment of the Tiangtian experimental cabin. At that time, asking the Tianjin Experimental Cel will become a veritable "main power station", which will continue to supply power for the combination.
On July 25th, Shenzhou No. 14 Aerospace Piece, taken by the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center, entered the questioning compartment of the questioning sky. This is the space clerk Chen Dong entered the test cabin. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Zhongzheng Photo
Nine questions: What can the small robotic arm do "ask the sky"?
Like the sky and the core cabin, the questioning compartment of the sky is also equipped with a robotic arm. Compared with the large robotic arm with a length of 10 meters and a maximum of 25 tons of the core compartment, the mechanical arm of the Tiantian experimental cabin should be more "short and concise".
Zhang Hao introduced that the arm of the big robotic arm is long enough, the scope of the transfer is larger, and the operating radius is nearly 10 meters; the strength is large enough, it is a "strong man" that can grasp and transfer a complete spacecraft.
In contrast, the length of the small robotic arm of the Tiantian experimental cabin is about 5 meters and the carrying capacity is 3 tons. However, the design purpose of this "small hand" is to grasp small and medium -sized equipment to perform more refined operations.
For example, it can independently complete the installation and replacement of the load of the cabin without the need for spacers to leave the cabin, which can effectively save the workload of astronauts on the orbit.
The large and small robotic arm can also be used in combination to form a combined arm of about 15 meters to carry out more off -cabin operations. "We can regard the two hands of the size of the robotic arm to each other to hand over things and use it in cooperation; we can also hold the two arms together to form a longer robotic arm, which can cover some operations and crawling on the surface of the entire space station. Demand. "Zhang Hao said.
On July 25th, the intercourse and space station combination of the Tiantian Experimental Curm at the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center met. This is an analog image that is successfully connected to the front port of the sky and the core cabin. Xinhua News Agency reporter Guo Zhongzheng Photo
Ten questions: What other "black technology" is there on "Ask the sky"?
During the construction of the space station, "cherishment is like gold", but this time I asked the Tianyan experimental cabin to carry more than 4 100 kilograms of big guys, the scientific name was controlled by the torque gyroscope, and the core cabin that had been upgraded was carried. One, Tianzhou 5 will also carry 1, and 12 control torque gyroscopes will be used in combination, which can control the posture of more than 100 tons of space stations to control "sitting like a bell and a wind".
"By controlling the rotation of different speeds of the torque gyroscope, it can effectively control the posture of the spacecraft and reduce the consumption of adjusting the posture of the spacecraft by burning fuel. It is a energy -saving artifact." Song Xiaoguang said.
my country's first controlling torque gyroscope was from Tiangong No. 1 in 2011. Its rail application is a milestone in the development of my country's space mechanical and electrical components, making my country the third country in the world to master the technology.
(Source: Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Guoli, Li Yun, Zhang Ruijie, Zhao Ye Ping, Wen Jinghua)
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