How did the ancients over the heat more than two thousand years ago?There is a Chu King of the Summer Palace on the Qingshan site

Jimu Journalist Huang Zhigang

In the hot summer, the heat is unbearable. Summer avoidance has become a comfortable lifestyle of people's summer. How do people in ancient times eliminate summer and summer? The records of "Book of Songs · July" about the "Chisu Ice" cellar stored summer, reflecting the wisdom of the ancients. In addition, the ancients also used the choice of the living environment to achieve the purpose of the summer.

Wang Congli, a researcher at the Jingzhou Museum, believes that the Chu people were very smart 2500 years ago. They built towns, palaces, and houses in places where mountains were surrounded by mountains and rivers, thereby achieving the role of heatstroke and cooling. At the same time, the Chu people also built a palace similar to the summer villa in some swamps. Among the sites found in the Jianghan Plain area, the Qingshan site group in Jiangling County has the effect of avoiding summer.

A scenery of Qingshan Village (Photo by Huang Zhigang, a Journalist reporter Huang Zhigang)

When the scorching sun is empty, the journalist of the Jimu is entering the Qingshan site of Jiangling County, Hubei Province. Wherever the eyes are, it presents a beautiful picture of a beautiful village, but the tiles that remain in the countryside are telling the history of dust.

Under the paddy field, there is a palace more than 2,000 years ago

In the middle of July, the heat of the Jianghan Plain has risen. Jimu News came to Qingshan Village, Zizi Town, Jiangling County. Through the drone screen overlooking the core area of ​​Qingshan site, the dark green composed of rice fields is the main color. Banded in it.

Qingshan site panorama and 9 high -Taiwan districts (pictures of Jiangling County Museum, Photo by Li Dong)

If it wasn't for the Aoyama Site protecting the main monument by the road, it is difficult to imagine that under the rice field of about 200,000 square meters, there was a hidden and dusty site of the monuments more than 2,500 years ago.

Aoyama Site Protection Sign (Photo by Huang Zhigang, Journalist Huang Zhigang)

The terrain of Qingshan Village is relatively high. It is the material mountain that people get wood in the past, so they are named "Aoyama". There are many lakes and many ancient rivers around the surrounding area, which provides extremely convenient waterway conditions for the material transportation of ancient people.

In 2009, Wang Congli, a researcher at the Jingzhou Museum, led the team to carry out the third nationwide census in Jiangling County. When he came to Qingshan Village of Zizi Town, when the villagers turned farmland, some of the broken pottery and porcelain attracted Wang Congli's attention.

It turned out that these pottery, which made the villagers feel common, turned out to open a password of the Chu Palace more than 2,500 years ago. Through the analysis of pottery and porcelain pieces, archeologists believe that there should be a large site group in Qingshan Village.

"The Chu State 2500 years ago was able to use the tiles with rope patterns, and the identity was already very noble." Wang Congli believes that from the perspective of the unearthed instruments and relics, the site group should be a large palace site in Chu State. Essence

That year, the news was alarming the archeological world. Later, the site group had a unified name -Aoyama Site. Through further exploration, archeologists roughly clarified the distribution of the Aoyama site group about 200,000 square meters.

A scenery of Qingshan Village (Photo by Huang Zhigang, a Journalist reporter Huang Zhigang)

On a slope at the resident point, archeologists even see the cultural layer of the edge of the Taiwan base. According to the villagers of Qingshan Village, a long time ago, they found a lot of rope gray pottery and porcelain pieces.

From the analysis of the unearthed pottery and life utensils, many generations have lived on the Qingshan site group. They have both the characteristics of spring and autumn and the style of the Warring States Period.

The northwest of Qingshan Site is 39 kilometers northwest of Ji Nancheng, Jingzhou Chu, and 27 kilometers from Qianjiang Longwan site in the east. Archaeological experts speculate that the Aoyama site is likely to be a palace of Chu.

Unearthed cultural relics, prove that prehistoric civilization in the Yangtze River Basin

From January to April 2016, the Jingzhou Museum and Jiangling County Museum jointly carried out archeological exploration surveys and trial excavations in the Aoyama site.

During the archeological excavation process, archaeologists can see cultural layers and braised soil on the cross section of the Taiwan floor. There can be more mud gray pottery, mud red pottery slices, and decorated with plain noodles, rope patterns, etc. , Can, tile, etc.

Tao Doudou excavated by Qingshan Site Nan Wumingtai Archaeological Excavation (Photo Conferry of Jiangling County Museum)

Archaeological experts believe that the greens of Qingshan Site are well -stuffed, rich and unique in cultural connotation, large span, and clear development context. The underground relics of the Aoyama site contained in the new stone period, indicating that it has already been a place for human life; the middle -level main cultural layer is the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, including a large amount of gray plate tiles, tile tiles, and rope -patterned pottery remains. Areas with frequent activities. The upper relics of the cultural layer of the site were the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties. During this period, utensils were wiped out, and they could be seen everywhere.

According to the existing archeological results of the Aoyama site, archeologists have inferred that human activities in the Aoyama site began in the Qujialing period of the Neolithic era, and they were abandoned after experiencing activities during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

Qingshan Site Unknown Terrace Archaeological Excavation Scene (Photo Conferry at the Jiangling County Museum)

The new stone cultural relics and relics discovered by Qingshan Site are important physical evidence of Qujialing Culture, an important part of Chinese prehistoric civilization, and an important physical evidence for the origin and development of prehistoric civilization in the Yangtze River Basin. "Judging from the scale and layout preservation, the Qingshan site is one of the extremely important Chu culture sites." Ma Shankan, the director of the Jiangling County Museum, said.

The archeological community agrees that the rich cultural connotation of Qingshan site is an important physical evidence in the Jianghan area as the Chu Cultural Development Center. It provides important physical materials for the study of the social development, lifestyle, and science and technology level of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Cultural value and archaeological scientific research value. Adapt to local conditions, Chu Wangxing Palace has the function of avoiding summer avoidance

Wang Congli and Qingshan ruins have an inextricable bond. He has studied Chu culture for decades, and even studied the habits and survival rules of Chu people.

Through a large number of historical materials and physical research, Wang Congli believed that when the Chu country was built 2500 years ago, the Chu people introduced the river channel in the city, which not only solved the problem of drinking water in the city, but also played a role in preventing heatstroke and cooling. In the city in the city, the Chu people built their houses very high, not only to get rid of dampness, but also obtained more wind sources.

Wang Chan's research went deep into the daily life of the ancients. He believed that the Chu people repaired the ponds before and after the house, which also played a effect of cooling and avoiding summer heat.

In addition to the high platform building, the Chu people also built a lot of palaces similar to the summer villa in some swamps. The most typical is the two sites found in the Jianghan Plain area -Zhang Huatai and the Qingshan Site of Jiangling County in Qianjiang Longwan site.

From the analysis of the existing archeological data, archeologists believe that the Qingshan site architectural style is unique. It breaks through the traditional mode of symmetrical symmetry in ancient ancient construction in my country, but is built according to the terrain.

Therefore, some archeologists believe that the Qingshan site should be a seasonal residence, which belongs to the Chu Wangxing Palace, and it is built in accordance with the terrain. It happens to form a harmonious unity with nature.

Qingshan Site and Chuji Nancheng Site and Zhang Huatai site location map

In order to avoid the summer, the Chu people are also very intelligent. Archaeologists have discovered hundreds of ancient wells in Jinan Town, Jingzhou. These wells include pottery, wood wells, and earth wells. Archeologists believe that some wells are equivalent to the function of the refrigerator in summer.

Some cultural relics exhibited from the Jingzhou Museum also confirmed the wisdom of the ancient people's heatstroke prevention. Some clothes unearthed from the Han tomb of Fenghuangshan 168 have less than one or two clothes.

Protect the monuments, the descendants of Chu Di create a beautiful countryside

Jiangling is located in the hinterland of the Jianghan Plain. Relying on Yima Pingchuan, the vast favorable terrain, local agricultural production is moving towards a three -dimensional modern agricultural transformation. Lotus pond fishing, shrimp rice is the normal state of agricultural production, but Qingshan Village is an exception.

Qingshan Village 1 (Photo by Huang Zhigang, a Journalist Huang Zhigang)

Jimu Journalists saw in Qingshan Village, Zizi Town, Jiangling County. On the field, the continuous paddy fields grew up. There were few lotus ponds and deep gaps in front of the village.

"The land of the old ancestor cannot be dug casually." Zhu Yaoyong, a villager in the second group of Qingshan Village, 62 years old, and pointed at Zhu Jiazu's protection sign. He told Jimu News that since the protection of Aoyama Site was protected, the villagers have gradually changed agricultural farming species Way.

Zhu Yaoyong, a villager in Qingshan Village, Zizi Town, Jiangling County, introduced Zhu Jiazu's excavation story (Photo by Huang Zhigang, a journalist Huang Zhigang)

In August 2017, the Hubei Provincial Government announced the protection scope of the Aoyama site and the construction control area. This means that the protection scope of the original site of the Qingshan site is further clarified, and the agricultural production of more than 100 villagers in the three villages in Qingshan Village will be restricted.

"Within the protection of the red line, the villagers' agricultural production can only perform shallow soil activities and must not be dug." Wang Cheng, deputy director of the Jiangling County Cultural and Tourism Bureau, said that even the local agricultural production of the rich industry's shrimp and rice is made of breeding mode. It will also be restricted. "Shrimp and rice fields need to dig deep ditch canal, which is not allowed."

Qingshan Site Zhujiazuka presents the rubble accumulation of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (Figures of Jiangling County Museum)

In the past, some people in the village did not understand, and even asked: Compared with the rations of the people, what is the meaning of the broken pottery slices?

Zhu Yaoyong also calculated a account reporter: If you dig deep fish ponds, or transform the traditional rice fields into shrimp rice fields, the annual comprehensive income per mu can reach up to 6,000 yuan, and a single rice planting, annual income or annual income or income or annual income or income or annual income or income or annual income or income or annual income or income or annual income or income or annual income or income or annual income or income or annual income may Only half.

"The protection of Qingshan ruins cannot only rely on government functional departments, but also to launch the masses extensively." Wang Cheng introduced that in order to do ideological work for villagers, the cultural relics protection department specifically followed the village to enter the household, preaching the importance of cultural relics protection, and on the one hand By fighting for policy support, the construction of rural supporting facilities for villagers, and repairing the roads, bridges and canals in the village to facilitate villagers travel and agricultural production.

At the same time, in the process of building a beautiful countryside, the local area also led villagers to plant yellow peaches and hanging melons through industrial guidance to broaden the channels for villagers' income. "The hanging melon in the village has reached 100 acres, and the average annual income of more than 30,000 yuan per household." Zhu Yaoyong also said that today, the villagers of Qingshan Village not only fully support the protection of the Qingshan ruins, but also set up patrols. A comprehensive inspection of the district to prevent grave robbing and civil construction. "What the old ancestors left, nothing can be destroyed,"

"Reasonable development and utilization, combine the protection of the Aoyama site with the construction of beautiful rural areas to build the site park." Wang Cheng said that at present, Jiangling County is striving to edit the Qingshan site protection plan. In the end The role of Chu cultural relics is given full play, allowing Chu culture to display in the public view with a tangible posture, and promote the inheritance of civilization.

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