How is the "new residence" built in space?｜ The story behind the news

At 14:22 on July 24th, the Long March 5 Yao Three Load Rockets equipped with the Experimental Class of the Sky and launched the fire on time at the Wenchang Aerospace launcher in my country. track.

At 3:13 on the 25th, I asked the Tianjie experimental cabin to dock with the heavenly and core compartment combination. This is the first time the space staff has spacemen to carry out space meetings and docking during the track.

At 10:03 on the 25th, the Shenzhou 14th astronauts multiplied by the group to successfully open the test compartment door, and successfully entered the questioning compartment of Wen Tian. This is the first time that Chinese astronauts have entered the scientific experimental cabin on the orbit.

Qi Tian's experimental cabin is the second cabin section of China Space Station and the first scientific experimental cabin. What are moving details before and after this launch? What are the technical breakthroughs in the "new home" of China Space Home?

MM "care" to create a larger and stronger space "new residence"

"Ask the Tianjie Experimental Cels is a large head in the space station family. The total length of the cabin is 17.9 meters and the launch weight is 23 tons. It is the most heavier and largest single aircraft in my country. Zhang Hao, the overall director of the Fifth Hospital Space Station System, introduced.

"Big, stronger, more comprehensive, better, and more detailed" -In in order to make the test compartment of the sky achieve such goals, the design and development team united and overcome a series of craft bottlenecks and developed a number of key technologies. Ask the Tiantian experimental cabin high -quality delivery and successful launch.

Question Tian Temple Experimental Class Simulation (Figure Figure Conferry at the Fifth Hospital of Aerospace Technology Group)

The working cabin in the experimental compartment is the largest manned sealing spacecraft compartment in my country with a length of nearly 10 meters. In order to ensure the normal operation of the load installation load outside the cabin, the interface accuracy of the 72 equipment brackets outside the cabin is very high. However, it is precisely because of the "big" that the size of the precision interface in the cabin structure is also amplified by the temperature, resulting in a large measurement error during the bracket installation process.

At the same time, the factory space of the current large -scale cabin is large, the product development cycle is long, and it is difficult to achieve the long -term constant temperature environment of the plant. To this end, Zhao Changxi, chief teacher of the 529 factory carrier in the Fifth Hospital of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, led the team to cleverly propose a method of virtual constant temperature measurement. Relying on the principle of calculation of the mathematical matrix to make the measurement link affected by the vulnerable temperature reliable and stable, eventually realized it The high -precision of the bracket assembly is successfully carved out of a accurate appearance for the general carving of the Tiangan experimental cabin, ensuring the high and reliable work of the exterior load of the test compartment.

The air gate is one of the most important part of the test compartment, and is the main outlet channel for future astronauts. However, the cabin door welding is required on the column section of the cabin, and the developers have been difficult. In the past, most of the models of the cabin was a regular plane curve welding seam with a welded thickness of only 2 mm. The welding position of this cabin door was on a saddle -shaped space surface. fulfil requirements. After repeated research and testing and a large number of process tests, the developers of the Fifth Hospital of Aerospace Technology Group proposed a new technologies for automated welding of space curve, independently developed the flexible welding workers, and successfully completed the welding of the sealing cabin door frame, various indicators, various indicators All meet the design requirements.

It is the almost harsh pursuit of perfect pursuit that it has created a better -quality space home.

Accurate and precise, the escort space station is "oneless"

The China Space Station consists of a core compartment and two experimental cabins. The launch tasks of these three cabins are performed by the long five -B rocket. On April 29, 2021, the long five -B rocket successfully launched the sky and the core cabin, which launched the start battle built by the space station. One year later, I asked the Tian Tian's experimental cabin to launch.

Lou Liang, deputy chief designer of the Five B Rockets of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said that this long five -B launch of the sky cabin is the first time that the large -scale low -temperature rockets in my country have performed the mission of meeting. Both accuracy and launch reliability have put forward higher requirements. Focusing on the characteristics of the task, the development team has completed more than 30 full -arrow flight reliability improvement in one year.

Lou Liang said that the connection of the meeting is like "piercing the needle" in space. In order to complete the task more accurately and reliably, the long five B team seek breakthroughs in optimizing the pre -fire process, expanding the launch window, and improving the capacity of the carrier.

The development team first adjusted the workflow of each system to be "connected" to "parallel", reserving the fault treatment time of 2 minutes and 30 seconds before the rocket was ignited. Then, under the requirements of meeting the accuracy of the track, the "take -off time correction technology" widen the launch window to 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Even if the rocket fails to launch it completely according to the predetermined window, it can pass the later track at this time. Fix the accurate completion of tracks and meetings.

The team also increased the carrying capacity of the five -B rocket to not less than 23 tons. However, the difficulty of accurately incorporating a large thrust rocket will also become larger, which is like letting a car that is driving at a high speed stop at a designated position. The "big thrust directly incorporate precision control technology" and 20.5 -meter -high rectifier unique to the long five -B rocket, allowing the cabin section of the space station to reach the scheduled track safely.

"Just like the eyes cannot enter the sand, a small extra matter may cause catastrophic consequences to the rocket launch and docking." Liu Bing, the overall deputy director of the Rockets of the Five B Rockets of Aerospace Technology Group, said that in order to ensure that the sky is asking the sky The cabin successfully achieved the docking of the meeting. Through technical communication, analysis and demonstration, the long -five B team strictly controlled the rocket excess objects and minimized the impact on the cockpit docking. In addition, this year, the long five B team also carried out the future planning and argumentation of the rocket. The team systematically sorted out the data of the previous seven flights, shortening the original 60 -day launch preparation time to about 53 days, and prepared for subsequent response to high -density launch tasks.

The testimony of the test cabin was successfully launched, and the long five B team temporarily removed the burden. But as they said, "Every time they are successfully launched, they can only be happy for two hours." Mengtian experimental compartment launch is coming, and they once again carry the heavy responsibility.

From "Sky Question" to "Ask the sky", the unremitting questioning of space is unchanged

On July 23, 2020, the Long March 5 Yaoyao Rockets held up the Tianwen Martian detector, taking an important step in exploring the vast universe, and opened the era of Chinese people's planet detection.

From "Tianwen" to "Ask the sky", the twice was just two years and one day. From exploring planets to building the Chinese space station, for two years, aerospace people have never stopped the pace of movement. Planet detection engineering, lunar exploration projects, and manned aerospace projects will be the road of dreams. Essence

From "Sky Question" to "Ask the sky", a word "question" reveals their common connotation -explore and question. Asking the sky experimental cabin is not only the "new residence" of the astronauts, but also carrying an important mission of spatial scientific research.

As a part of the "National Space Lab", asking the Sky Experimental Cels will mainly conduct the study of life science and biotechnology. At present, I asked more than 10 research themes in four areas including spatial life science and biotechnology, micro -gravity fluid physics, spatial materials science, and space application new technology tests, and more than 40 scientific projects have been established.

Zhang Lu, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Space Application Center and deputy director of the Integrated Technology Center, introduced the second step of the "three steps" of manned aerospace, conducted a variety of scientific experiments in Tiangong -1 and Tiangong 2. A single experimental item is mainly, and the experimental sample does not have the ability to replace and needs. Nowadays, in the space station stage, scientific research experiments will be converted from a single dispersion to a large -scale group, and a real scientific laboratory will be built in space. The scientific experimental cabinet configured in the cabin is a universal basic platform for various scientific experiments.

Ask the 4 scientific experimental cabinets in the experimental cabin. (China Manned Aerospace Engineering Office, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

"Except for individual experimental cabinets, most of the external interfaces of most experimental cabinets are unified, and the interface of internal loads is made into national standards. Maintenance replacement is very convenient. At the same time, the experimental cabinet can also be compatible with international standards and do a good job of follow -up international cooperation. Preparation. "Zhang Lu said.

In the future, the space station will also carry out 65 research plans in 4 major fields, including space life science and human research, micro -gravity physics science, space astronomy and global science, new space technology and application, including nearly a thousand research projects.

Wang Ke, deputy president of the Space Application System and Director of the Integrated Technology Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "Building a space station is only a beginning of my country's spatial science research. Subsequent, universities, scientific research institutes, and large and secondary school students in the country can participate in the space station at the space station In the experiment of space science. We also welcomes scientific researchers all over the world to use our platform to carry out scientific research. "

Plan: Chen Fang, Wang Yu, Wang Min

Reporter: Wen Jinghua, Hu Yan, Song Chen

Edit: Huang Taoming

Visual: Takamatsu Ling

Source: Xinhua View Point

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