"Learn Enlai" why Premier Zhou said, "I can be an assistant editor -in -chief"

Why did Premier Zhou say "I can be an assistant editor -in -chief"

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★★★★★

Prime Minister Zhou Enlai left us. Whenever I remember the great warrior of the Communist and the most outstanding state activist in our country, he served him wholeheartedly. He bowed for the party and the country. Tide, imagination, cannot be self -contained. Even his great contribution to the people's journalism, it is not what I can remember. Here I would like to record the deepest things I impressed, to send the long thoughts of Premier Zhou.

First conversation

Vice Chairman Zhou (at that time everyone was used to calling him like this, because he was the vice chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission) talked to me for the first time, in September 1948 in Xibaipo Village, Pingshan County, Pingshan County, Hebei Province.

It was a early autumn evening, and I was comrades with Shi Ximin (we and Fan Yangtze River, Mei Yi, Chen Kehan ​​and other more than 20 comrades such as Xinhua Territories, and transferred to the central station in accordance with the central instructions to train). walk. Vice Chairman Zhou came to us. He greeted Comrade Shi Ximin first, and then asked me what the name was and where to work. After Comrade Shi Ximin introduced to him, Vice Chairman Zhou remembered a telegram to Xinhua Headquarters, who had been in the northern Shaanxi a year ago when the central government was in the northern Shaanxi. Come out for comments. I still remember the expression of this incident at that time, which was the first time I appreciated the amazing memory of Vice Chairman Zhou.

Vice Chairman Zhou encouraged us to receive strict training, and the comrades who worked in the liberated area and the comrades who worked in the Liberation Zone cooperated well, learned from each other, learned from each other, made up for shortcomings, and improved together. He pointed out: This training condition is very good, led by Comrade Hu Qiaomu, and Comrade Shaoqi personally controls it. The major publicity issues are agreed by the Central Secretariat. This is prepared for the new situation of liberation in the country.

Vice Chairman Zhou also mentioned that from the recent situation of the war, the liberation of the country was coming soon, which was much earlier than the central government originally expected. Now we must consider how to prepare for the establishment of many new work and policies for the establishment of the People's Republic of China and the founding of the People's Republic of China. He said that if you do news work, you must prepare the issues of how to carry out publicity and reporting after the liberation of the country. There are many new problems, you are not familiar with, you must take it seriously and learn with an open mind. He specifically mentioned economic construction issues and diplomatic issues. He also mentioned that the united front will be more extensive and deeper after the liberation of the country, and the propaganda of the democratic people of each faction must be paid special attention.

Although these opinions of Vice Chairman Zhou were mentioned in principle, the later facts proved that it was indeed a key to the cord. We have encountered these problems in the news work. We have the correct experience and lessons to deal with errors. They often get the teachings and help of Vice Chairman Zhou.

Vice Chairman Zhou's conversation in Xibaipo is the first time I have listened to his teachings in my life. I still remember it so far, like yesterday. "Assistant Chief Editor"

After the liberation of Peiping, Xinhua Headquarters entered the city with the Party Central Committee and lived in the former site of Xiangshan Ci Kildo Hospital with the Central Office. Our editorial department was later called Xiangshan Hotel in a bungalow with many courtyards. Vice Chairman Zhou and Comrade Shaoqi lived in two small buildings on the east side of these courtyards. Chairman Mao lived on the "Shuangqing Villa" on the mountainside.

From this time, I have been in contact with Vice Chairman Zhou and listened to his teachings. Although he soon moved from Xiangshan to Zhongnanhai, Vice Chairman Zhou moved from Xiangshan to Zhongnanhai because of his talks and preparations for the People's Political Consultative Consultation. He still cared about Xinhua News Agency. Xinhua News Agency also has many things to report to him.

Since Xinhua News Agency is a news agency, working continuously with the earth for 24 hours. Many important manuscripts often need to be finalized until midnight or even midnight. The leaders of the central ministries and commissions are usually asleep at this time, and it is difficult to discuss with them. Even the central leadership comrades are used to work at night to work at night, Comrade Shaoqi, and Premier Zhou. Unless particularly important things, they must report to Chairman Mao and Comrade Shaoqi, and usually find Premier Zhou. This is gradually becoming conventional. Therefore, the central government provided rules: Xinhua News Agency's leadership relationship, the party's leadership belongs to the Central Propaganda Department, and the administrative leadership belongs to the Cultural and Education Office of the State Council. Because many "important issues" have to be decided at night, "temporary" becomes "frequent".

Of course, after the party's "eight major", the publicity policy of the more important issues of the Central Secretariat, the Xinhua News Agency, and the People's Daily were established by the Secretariat. Although we strive to solve the problems that can be solved by ourselves, we can solve the problem of the central leadership and comrades during the day. Therefore, after I later served as the leadership of Xinhua News Agency and the People's Daily, among the leading comrades of the central government, the most contact with Premier Zhou. From the final review of important reviews and important news releases to important layout arrangements, I always ask Premier Zhou to ask Premier Zhou, and also get his patience and meticulous guidance and help. Several times he joked and said to me, "I have become your editor -in -chief. You have to learn to walk by yourself. The less you are looking for me, the better I am the editor -in -chief of the assistant."

Indeed, there are too many things for Xinhua News Agency and the People's Daily to trouble Premier Zhou. His old people do have become our "chief editor", especially the "night shift chief editor", which has paid a lot of energy for this. Whenever I send the manuscript or call to the Prime Minister in the middle of the night, I often feel ashamed and apologize with hesitation, but because of helplessness, there is no other way, so I have to trouble the Prime Minister. I still feel that this is an unparalleled regret.

New topics after entering the city

After entering the city, Xinhua News Agency first encountered unfamiliar and sensitive issues was about the propaganda issues of various democratic parties and democrats. Whether during the preparatory political consultation meeting and the establishment of the Central People's Government, we often have such mistakes on this issue, or such negligence.

I remember two things Vice Chairman Zhou was particularly angry and criticized us severely. One was a statement of the current situation when the Jiu San Academy was liberated in Peiping, supporting our party's claims, and opposing the Kuomintang to continue to fight the civil war. However, Xinhua News Agency's Beiping Branch did not report. The other was Cheng Qian, the chairman of the Hunan Provincial Government of the Kuomintang before August 5, 1949, and the Uprising was issued. Vice Chairman Zhou has repeatedly found Comrade Chen Kehan ​​(the editor -in -chief and president of Xinhua News Agency) and me, and seriously criticized us to fall behind the rapid change, and did not pay attention to reports in time. I remember the most clearly in Xiangshan in April. He warned us: Xinhua News Agency is the party's news agency (after the founding of the People's Republic is also the country's news agency), and it is also the people's news agency. All the editors and reporters of Xinhua News Agency must clearly understand the fundamental nature of Xinhua News Agency as the ears and mouthpiece of the party and the people. Regardless of whether it is reported or written, we must remember the identity of Xinhua News Agency. Taking care of your unfamiliar but increasingly important democratic parties and democrats in domestic political life. Your publicity and reports must fully reflect the party's united front policy, and fully respect the democratic parties and democracy.

These warnings of Vice President Zhou not only have significant significance at the beginning of the nation's liberation, but also have far -reaching significance from my country's long -term implementation of the multi -party cooperation system led by the Communist Party. However, we did not understand the party's united front policy and did not implement it. Second, we were quite strange to the democratic parties and democrats. Therefore, the reports often had problems, and mistakes were wrong. Vice Chairman Zhou's requirements are very strict and patiently helps us improve.

Take the activities of various democratic parties and democratic people, the first thing we encountered is the choice and arrangement of the list when reporting. Often because they are unfamiliar, they often missed important people or the list. Unnecessary misunderstandings and chaos. Every time Xinhua News Agency was wrong, Premier Zhou had to review it. Regardless of whether they were directly handled, Comrade Chen Kehan ​​wrote a written review and signed with me every time. After several times we wrote a review, the Prime Minister repeatedly said to me, "I don't want you to be a review expert, but I just hope that you will take each error seriously, work hard to improve work, and avoid re -commitment in the future." I remember that after a meeting of the government officer in November 1950, Premier Zhou left me and put Comrade Qi Yanming (then director of the General Office of the Government Affairs) and Comrade Xu Bing (before the Cultural Revolution, he had been the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee. Executive Deputy Minister) found it, asking them to help Xinhua News Agency familiarize with various democratic parties and democrats, and order the sequence of the list arrangement. Premier Zhou said that this is a science, a very important political issue for dealing with the relationship between our party and democratic parties, and democrats. Xinhua News Agency's leaders and editors must master this science.

Later, we called the "list of list". With the help of the General Office of the Political Affairs Council and the comrades of the Central United Front Work Department, our reporters gradually met and are familiar with the democratic parties and democrats, and made friends with them. Not only do text reporters do this, but also photographers do this. After about two years of work, this problem was basically solved.

Another time the Prime Minister criticized us that it was very impressive. In May 1963, the People's Daily published a photo of Chairman Liu Shaoqi and Vice Premier Chen Yi and foreign ministers who visited Indonesia and other four countries, which were warmly welcomed. This is a photo taken by the People's Daily Photography reporter, but at the time of the publication, some of the images of some democrats and gays were cut off, and the welcome people were stood by the welcoming method. The Premier was very angry about this week. He pointed out that the People's Daily did not adopt the photos from Vice Premier Chen Yi sent by Xinhua News Agency, and the photos published by his reporter did not send the photos of Comrade Chen Yi or other central leaders, and it was full of errors. He said that this matter should not only be technical, first of all, it is politically. Because this time, Comrade Shaoqi visited the four countries was significant, and the welcome scene in Beijing was discussed with relevant comrades in Beijing. Welcome to include representatives in all aspects, and specially organize a photo of "full red" to fully reflect the successful support for this visit. The People's Daily arbitrarily cut some democratic people, which violated this spirit and lacked political sensitivity. This is the first. Secondly, the People's Daily cut off the specially arranged female comrades. This is a weak political concept and a masculine taste. The central government recently decided to organize female comrades to participate in foreign affairs activities, and change the habit of not lady in the past foreign affairs activities in order to adapt to international practice. Many female comrades are unwilling to be "lady" and it is not easy to convince them to participate in foreign affairs activities. The photos published by the People's Daily are just cut off the female comrades, which not only despise the performance of women, but also violates the central spirit. Third, the People's Daily moved the position of each person in the original photo without authorization, and even cut the head of the human avatar to move the collage. Fourth, the photos of Xinhua News Agency were seen by Comrade Chen Yi, and specifically indicated behind the photos. They also wrote that they must not be tailored arbitrarily. The People's Daily is ingenious, which is a serious non -organized and non -disciplinary behavior. Fifth, other newspapers in Beijing use the photos sent by Xinhua News Agency. Only the People's Daily does not need to use it. I only use the photos taken by my own reporters. Do you always feel good? It is the idea of ​​the standardism, and pay attention to overcome it. When Premier Zhou later saw me, he repeatedly criticized me, saying that I was also the editor -in -chief of the People's Daily and the president of Xinhua News Agency, but these two news units often "fight". This is very bad. You must ventilate each other, learn from each other, help each other, and don't be unconvinced.

This is how Premier Zhou implemented the party's policies in detail, and strictly required Xinhua News Agency and the People's Daily to do this.

Daily must look at "Reference Information"

While publishing and expanding the "Reference News", which was published and expanded by Chairman Mao, Xinhua News Agency also published an internal "Reference Information". Its content is more extensive, rich and detailed than "Reference News". In the afternoon version, two major books (now changed to one big book every day) Xu Few people knew that this was done by Premier Zhou's initiative.

Premier Zhou has a long time, and has long hosted diplomatic work, knowing the importance of mastering international developments. Since the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he has repeatedly instructed Xinhua News Agency to work hard to collect international public information. First, the telecommunications of all major foreign news agencies were required, and later they were required to collect comments related to major Western newspapers and China, as much as possible, as much as possible, and give full play to the role of "ears".

Premier Zhou attaches great importance to these public materials collected by Xinhua News Agency. He has said to us many times that no matter how busy things are, he must read two "References" every day (the same is true of Chairman Mao). When I went to his office to participate in the meeting or invited him to review the comments, I saw that he had seen many symbols of "References" on his desk with wool strokes. Sometimes he also picked up the "References" to explain the basis of his opinion. In order to understand the situation in a timely manner, he also stipulated that Xinhua News Agency established a 24 -hour duty system, stipulating that Xinhua News Agency, as soon as a major news from foreign news agencies, must immediately report to the Prime Minister's office (major events tell Chairman Mao himself); Before the information is printed and binding the cost, the Prime Minister's Office and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Foreign Affairs Office of the State Council, the General Staff, and the Central United Ministry sent a clearing. From here, people will not be strange. Why did Sihanouk fly from Moscow in March 1970 to Beijing? Premier Zhou, the plane, can tell him the detailed passage of Lango's launch of a coup in Phnom Penh; why in July 1971, Kelin When Gei visited China as a special envoy of the US President, when he flew from Pakistan to Beijing, Premier Zhou could tell Kissinger about President Nixon's speech in the United States, and then showed him the full text of the speech.

As a result, it is not difficult to understand why many important foreign politicians meet Premier Zhou, and they are far -sighted by Premier Zhou's international affairs. Here, the "References" starts the role.

Because of this, Premier Zhou often made very timely and specific guidance and help on the reports and comments of Xinhua News Agency and the People's Daily on international issues. What impressed me the most was during the During the During the During the During the During the Counterfeit of the War (the summer of 1951 to the summer of 1953). In order to cooperate with the struggle of the Banmen store, Premier Zhou instructed us to pay attention to what aspects of the report and what views to the United States. Comment. These instructions, except for a few that Prime Minister Zhou explained his duty secretary before going to bed at night. In the next morning, most of them told us that most of them had seen the report issued by the Volunteer Military delegation from Kaicheng at night and in the "References" Relevant materials told us in the future, many of them require us to write and print them before midnight. In this way, Premier Zhou's manuscripts often reached three or four in the middle of the night. In order to reduce the tiredness of the Prime Minister, in addition to writing and trying to write the manuscript as soon as possible, we also suggested that Prime Minister Zhou could not read it, but in most cases, he received his answer: "Don't be afraid of me."

The negotiations of Banmen Store have entered the issue of prisoners of war. The struggle is more tense and complicated, and our reports and comments have also increased. One day (about May 1953) Premier Zhou told me after a meeting that foreign journalists reported on their names, Alan Wellington and Bei but the enemy (this was two two of the two friends interviewed in Panmunnian at that time to be friendly to China. Reporter) also reported in my own name. Whether our own reporters can also sign in the report, we also have to train our famous journalists. At the beginning, you may wish to use a collective pen name first, because the manuscript was written by several people, one name was used, and it would be easy to do later. This is the first time in Xinhua News Agency ’s telecommunications,“ Wu ​​Min ”(reports and comments from Kaicheng) and“ Jiangnan ”(reports and comments written in Beijing with this signature) Essence

Two storms in the Taiwan Strait

In the summer and autumn of 1958, the Taiwan Strait was in a hurry, the front line of the Golden Gate was rumbling, and Premier Zhou caught the comment on the People's Daily. After the publication of the Secretary of Defense Peng Dehuai's "The Book of Taiwan Compatriots" (on October 6, this was written by Chairman Mao), the People's Daily published several editorials from October 11: the title of the first article was " "Calling and ceasefire, walking as a plan", which was written and approved by the Prime Minister of the Politburo Standing Committee Meeting last week. The topic of the second part was "and see how they move", which was written overnight and reviewed by Chairman Mao at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Politburo. Chairman Mao only modified the last paragraph of this editorial in the review draft and approved "this manuscript is barely available." I used a sentence he revised as a question of the editorial (because the topic was special, the entire editorial was mistaken for Chairman Mao's big writing). The third chapter (October 21) was written by the editorial department of the newspaper. It commented on Dulles to Taiwan and did not send it to the central leadership comrades for review. The first two parts talk about the contradictions between the United States and Chiang, and reveal that the United States is fully controlled to control Taiwan. The latter comment said that the United States Chiang sang a double spring drama.

Premier Zhou made a criticism of the editorial on the same day and pointed out that such a comment did not conform to the facts. The next day, I found Comrade Qiao Guanhua again. In the dining room next to his office, I talked about how to view Dulles to visit Taiwan while eating with us. Premier Zhou analyzed that this time Dulles arrived in Taiwan because the U.S. authorities were afraid of the expansion of the Golden Gate artillery, which caused the United States to get in. It is said that the United States had demanded that Jiang Jun withdrew from Golden Gate, Matsu and other islands, which can avoid being eliminated by the People's Liberation Army, but also avoids Jiang Jun's often harassing the mainland to cause our army to attack and settle in the dilemma of the United States. Moreover, the United States can engage in "two China" or "one middle and one". Dules was put on pressure to Chiang Kai -shek. Premier Zhou listed the subtle difference between Dulles's speech several times with Chiang Kai -shek's speech. The Taiwan newspapers' comments and American newspapers were significantly different, and his views were fully demonstrated. Both Qiao Guanhua and I agree with such an analysis. Premier Zhou finally mentioned that there are two aspects of the Taiwan issue. On the one hand, it is the problem of unified the motherland. This is China's internal affairs. Any foreign countries cannot interfere; on the other hand, the United States invades Taiwan. We resolutely oppose it. "People's Daily" should prepare another editorial, focusing on the conspiracy of the United States and the quarrel between the United States and Chiangki, and it can be clear that Chiang Kai -shek does not agree with the "two China". But after President Peng published the second "The Book of Trusting Taiwan" before publishing. This is the fourth editorial published on October 30. If in the tension of the Taiwan Strait for the first time (1958), Premier Zhou closely cares about how the Society of the People's Daily implements the central government, then the second time (1962) in the tension situation of the Taiwan Strait, Premier Zhou is the "People's People The layout of the Daily arranged a good idea.

This tension was caused by Chiang Kai -shek's attempt to take the "counterattack" during the period of economic difficulties. At that time, the central government believed that without the consent and support of the US authorities, Chiang Kai -shek would not dare to act lightly. In order to find out the attitude of the United States, Premier Zhou had to go back to Warsaw to meet the US representative Cobert (the US Ambassador to Poland) immediately in Warsaw, which was a Chinese -American talks in China and the United States who had a domestic vacation at that time. After Wang Bingnan rushed back to Warsaw, he raised a serious warning to the United States during the meeting with the United States representatives, pointing out that the US government must be fully responsible for Chiang Kai -shek's adventure operation and all the serious consequences generated by it. The US representatives strongly stated that the United States would never support Chiang Kai -shek to attack mainland China, and revealed that Chiang Kai -shek had an obligation to the United States. Without the consent of the United States, he must not launch an attack on mainland China. We still ask him to report the Chinese government's warning in Washington. He agreed and ensured that the United States would try its best to prevent Chiang Kai -shek's adventure.

Four days later, US President Kennedy issued a statement at a press conference on June 27. He avoided the tension caused by the Taiwan Strait at that time due to Chiang Kai -shek's preparation of "counterattack". And reiterated that the purpose of the US military forces in the Straits is the so -called "defensive". When answering the reporter's question, Kennedy said: When the 1954 Treaty of the United States and Jiangxi signed the letter, the two parties exchanged letters. In the letter, the Kuomintang authorities promised that they did not take force on the mainland without the consent of the United States. Kennedy also said, "I think the letter is still valid." Obviously, Kennedy's statement and conversation were formally reacted to the warning of our government. The attitude of the US authorities is clear.

How to deal with such a very important news? Specifically, how does Xinhua News Agency report and how to publish "People's Daily"? The report of Xinhua News Agency is relatively easy to handle, and it is comprehensive to reflect the points of Kennedy. The question is difficult to publish this news in the "People's Daily"? At that time, I considered it, so the comrades of the editorial department discussed that three solutions were imagined: one is to put in a significant position in the international news version, and the other is the significant position in the first version (but do not make headline news), and the third is that the third is that The first edition of the first edition is not significant. I reported these three schemes to Premier Zhou and asked him how to arrange it. Premier Zhou asked me to explain the three solutions one by one and asked me which solution (I answered the second solution at the time), and then talked about his thoughts. He believes that the major events directly related to our country are obviously inappropriate to put it in the international news version, but it is not necessary to put it in the first version of a significant position, because although Kennedy’s statement is important, we have to watch it. Essence How to arrange for news that is important and not overly prominent like this has encountered it in the past. He asked me if I still remembered how to arranges important news such as amnesty release of war criminals and China -India border disputes in the past, and said that the statement of Kennedy can also be made in the lower right corner of the first edition. After the guidance of Premier Zhou, I have a more confident way of dealing with such important but not too prominent news. For example, in October 1962, the United States announced military blockade in Cuba, the Central Committee of the CPPCC in July 1963, and in March 1964 I released all Japanese war criminals.

Later, during the "Cultural Revolution" period, I was first prison (then called "military monitoring"), and after 4 years, it was escorted to the People's Daily (in Yexian County, Henan) for mandatory labor transformation. (July 16, 1971), the Central Radio broadcasts Kissinger's visit to China. A printed worker told me at the time that you have been out of work for many years. Where. I thought about it for a while and told him: boarding in the lower right corner of the first edition. The next day "People's Daily" was here, and it was really surprised. In fact, there is no mystery, there is a cingerrier, and I estimate that this time it was deliberately arranged by Premier Zhou. The most severe criticism

On November 18, 1959, the Prime Minister asked me to talk to the West Flower Hall. This is one of the most severe criticisms of Premier Zhou in my life. When I walked into the office of the Prime Minister, Premier Zhou was reviewing the documents. He showed me a letter first. This is the letter written by Comrade Li Fuchun to Comrade Xiaoping and reported to Premier Zhou. The content is to criticize the People's Daily on November 16th to publish the national industrial production situation from January to October. GDP increased by 48.9 % over the same period in 1958. Comrade Fu Chun believes that this report seriously violates the central regulations.

After I read the letter from Comrade Fu Chun, Premier Zhou told me seriously that Xinhua News Agency and the People's Daily have a big leak this time. Since October, the central government has repeatedly emphasized that propaganda should be calm, cold in the heat, and prevent heavy criminals from exaggerating the wind last year. You have such a mistake.

Premier Zhou then patiently analyzed the error of this news report. He pointed out:

First, the news is based on the preliminary statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics. This statistics are a summary of the number of various departments of the State Council. It has not verified it. It is for internal materials for the reference of the central leadership and comrades. Generally, it cannot be released publicly. Many of these numbers need to be verified item by item, and it can not be adjusted until the end of the year. And this preliminary statistics are different from last year. Among the total output value of the industry, there was no industry in the People's Commune and the Management Zone last year. This year increased this part. Therefore, it was said that the first ten months of this year was unscientific than the same period last year. You should not publicly publish the internal materials. In the future, the State Council notified all departments to do not send materials to Xinhua News Agency and the People's Daily.

Secondly, the central government has such a plan long ago. For the output and total output value of various products this product this product, it cannot be reported below how much, not full, and there must be room for room. Therefore, when the number of statistics is announced in the future, there must be less output value than reported by various regions and departments. During the end of October to the beginning of November, during the advancement of the advanced producer of the Industrial and Trade Front, the central government's estimated output of various products was deleted when the central government approved the speeches of various departments. You all know these. Now "People's Daily" and Xinhua News Agency have published the first ten months of statistics, violating the central government's spirit of staying in room, and causing passive work.

Third, the central government has long stipulated that all nationwide numbers must be approved by the central government to publish. The so -called approval of the central government does not refer to a person in the central government, but it is approved by the Central Secretariat, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and the Standing Committee of the Politburo. The central government also specifies that Comrade Li Fuchun is responsible for the announcement of national economic figures. You know these regulations, but this time did not work in accordance with regulations. Although the press release has been seen by a central responsible comrade, it has not been mentioned at the Central Conference.

Premier Zhou emphasized that the "People's Daily" and Xinhua News Agency announced the number of industrial production in the ten -month industrial production this time, both politically and organized. He specifically mentioned that I have participated in the meeting of the Secretariat and the Politburo, and often participated in some meetings of the Politburo Standing Committee. The spirit of the central government should be understood. For Xinhua News Agency and the People's Daily, such mistakes should be fully responsible Essence At that time, I made a brief explanation and briefing of this wrong afterwards. Premier Zhou went on to say that not to hurry to do it, and think about it after returning. The important thing is to carefully summarize experience, accept lessons, avoid similar mistakes, and do a good job of work. You can't make exaggeration because of the Lushan Conference, but to the right leaning.

At the end of the end, Premier Zhou specifically asked me to go back to announce four points:

(1) The central government reiterates that all nationwide numbers (whether industry, agriculture, infrastructure, transportation, or financial trade, or comprehensive numbers or single numbers) will not be published now, and let's talk about it at the end of this year or early next year. When it is announced and how to announce, they must go through Comrade Li Fuchun and the Central Secretariat.

(2) The Central Editorial Department of the People's Daily and Xinhua News Agency to the Central Committee and press releases to the central ministries and commissions can be detained if any questions and press releases.

(3) The People's Daily and Xinhua News Agency must strictly follow the central government's decision and spiritual work, and cannot make their own claims. The publication of major news and comments must strictly abide by the system requested to the central government.

(4) The central editor and reporter of the Central Committee of Xinhua News Agency and the People's Daily received the lessons and lessons in the promotion of the "Great Leap Forward" last year. , Do the propaganda work better.

I came back from Premier Zhou and immediately held the editorial board of the People's Daily and Xinhua News Agency to convey and discuss the instructions of Premier Zhou. Then I called all the editors and press conferences of the two units. I made a conveying and preliminary review. In view of this lesson and in order to do the work well, the editorial board of the People's Daily wrote a request report on the current domestic publicity promotion and was approved by the central government. Premier Zhou's criticism is in the climax of the so -called "anti -right -right struggle" after the Lushan Conference, so that we keep our head calm under that situation, which is of great significance. The heavy scraping and exaggerated wind played a great role. It is a pity that the calmness of the propaganda has not been maintained for a long time, and it is constantly being impacted by the wave of "anti -right tilt, drumming". "Blind command wind" error.

Li Zongren's reporter's recruitment meeting

Mr. Li Zongren, the former President of the Kuomintang government, left the United States, who had rested for a long time in June 1965, and returned to the motherland by Taoism (Switzerland).

One day in mid -September 1965, Premier Zhou asked me and Gong Peng (then director of the Ministry of Press Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), Zhang Yan (Deputy Director of the Foreign Affairs Office of the State Council), and Yao Yang (Deputy Minister of the Central Propaganda Department). Go to the office.

Premier Zhou told us: Mr. Li Zongren wanted to hold a press conference and asked him to recommend several comrades as a staff or consultant. He decided to recommend the four of us to be a consultant. The Prime Minister said that some of you have a better understanding of the central government's internal and external policies. Two (referred to as Gong Peng) have also been a spokesman for government delegations many times. The gentleman provides some help. However, your task is to be a consultant, you can only help from the side, provide reference opinions, cannot be imposed on others, cannot be strong, and you can't make a noise. Everything is determined by Mr. Li Zongren himself. You must remember this.

Then the Prime Minister talked to us about Li Zongren's back and after home. He talked about: Mr. De neighbor (Li Zongren's character, German neighbor) went abroad for 16 years, and this time he resolutely returned, which was not easy. Mr. Dezhang decided to return home after careful consideration. Premier Zhou also said that when Mr. Li Zongren arrived in Beijing, he issued a statement saying that he returned from overseas with "the body of crime" and explained his two major faults to the people: First, when he was negotiated in peace in 1949, he did not accept the peace agreement. "I still feel guilty so far"; the second is that he was engaged in the "third forces" during his stay in the United States, and "mistaken again." Premier Zhou said that such frankness can be explained and can obtain the understanding of the people. But in fact, these two things are hard to blame him completely. The Prime Minister then analyzed these two things in detail. He pointed out that Li Zongren was named "Dai President" at that time, but in fact, there was no right to, two soldiers, and three money. It was really sitting on the stone city. Both of them lived in Chiang Kai -shek, who lived in the mouth of Shimo Kaihua. Li was influenced by Bai Chongxi and did not accept the determination to accept the peace agreement. As for the "third forces" and want to rely on foreign countries to obtain power, this shows that he has fantasies about the United States, and it is also a prominent common problem for old Chinese politics.

After Prime Minister Zhou said many of these, he emphasized that our party's policy was three sentences, namely: the patriotic family, and the patriotism was free. He said that Mr. Li Zongren returned home to settle this time. We are a family and never blamed. He went on to calculate. Among the 43 primary war criminals we once announced in 1948, Cheng Qian and Fu Zuoyi were both generals. Huang returned to China in the 1950s, and was a member of the CPPCC; Du Xingming was captured during the battle, and was amnesty after 10 years. He is now also a member of the CPPCC. Without patriotism, we will treat each other with sincerity. They can go abroad, go back, and come back when they come back. This is called freedom to come and go. The Prime Minister said that these three sentences are applicable to Mr. Li De neighboring, applying for anyone else, and we speak.

Premier Zhou said that he said this, it was nothing more than we had a correct understanding of Mr. Li Zongren and a correct attitude. To be a consultant this time, everything must respect Mr. Li Zongren. Only the situation is provided, such as foreign journalists care about what issues may be raised. If you have difficulties, you can tell you frankly. But what he wants to say and how to say, he is the master. The draft does not need to be drafted, because Mr. Cheng Siyuan around him can say that he can write and have been his secretary for a long time. The expression expression will be more suitable for Mr. Li Zongren's habits and identities than us.

Premier Zhou finally explained to us: If Mr. Li Zongren must listen to our opinions on his speech at his reporters, you can ask him to consider: First, the old history of the past can not be mentioned; Later, especially after visiting the Northeast; Third, the relationship between China and the United States can be talked about, but it is better to talk about it; fourth, China and the Soviet Union can not be discussed; You can answer the questions raised on the spot without having to worry about it.

After coming out of Premier Zhou, we were preparing to prepare. After two or three days, Mr. Li Zongren asked us to go to his residence to discuss how to prepare a press conference. According to the Prime Minister's instructions, we provide him with the situation of Chinese and foreign journalists and the concerns they care about. Mr. Li Zongren also talked about his plans, and then Mr. Cheng Siyuan exchanged opinions with us. On September 26, Mr. Li Zongren held a press conference. Mr. Cheng Siyuan and Mr. Liu Zhongrong accompanied him to attend. At the meeting, there were more than 300 Chinese and foreign journalists and Hong Kong and Macao reporters, which was unprecedented. Mr. Li Zongren made a long speech first, and then answered the questions raised by the reporters, more than two hours before and after. After the meeting, Mr. Li Zongren held a cold meal recruitment reporter. In addition to Chinese and foreign journalists, there were Cai Tingyu, Lu Han, Liu Wenhui, Shao Lizi, Huang Shaozhen, Weng Wenxuan, Du Xingming, Song Xizhen, Fan Hanjie, Liao Yaoxiang and other former Kuomintang military and political. Pu Jie also attended. They are all journalists who are interested in interviews and rarely meet with each other. As a result, they were all happy. This was specifically arranged by Premier Zhou and Mr. Li Zongren.

First nuclear test

On the afternoon of October 15, 1964, the Prime Minister's office informed me that after dinner, I went to Building 6, Diaoyutai with Qiao Guanhua and Yao Yan. Premier Zhou had something to do with us.

At that time, I drafted a group in the central manuscript of the No. 8 Building of Diaoyutai, not far from Building No. 6. After dinner, I strolled with Qiao Guanhua and Yao Yan for ten minutes to reach Premier Zhou's residence. In front of Building No. 6, the Prime Minister's secretary brought us to a small restaurant instead of the office or living room of the Prime Minister. After we sat down at the small round dining table at the small restaurant, we felt that the situation was a bit special. I guess that we might be drafted, and we may have to stay up late. Because the small round table is suitable for drafting while discussing, it is also convenient to eat supper.

After a while, Premier Zhou came in. It seems that he had just ate dinner. While he touched his teeth with a toothpick, he walked back and forth around the round dining table to explain the task.

Premier Zhou began to announce to us in a calm tone: the first atomic bomb will explode near Lop Nur tomorrow. When you find you, you will draft a bulletin and a government statement. This must be done tonight and sent Chairman Mao to review it. After the explosion will be successful tomorrow. Because it is only planned to explode tomorrow, whether it can explode tomorrow, whether the explosion is successful, it is still unknown, so this is now a special secret. You can take time empty when you draft.

Premier Zhou said that the first nuclear test came. He pursued the general process of nuclear energy research and utilization in my country for more than ten years.

In the early 1950s, my country's government concentrated scientists conducted research on atomic energy.

In 1954, Khrushchev agreed to provide me with small reactors and accelerator equipment.

In January 1955, Chairman Mao presided over the meeting of the Central Secretariat, listened to the reports of scientists and engineers, and decided to develop atomic bombs.

In 1957, the Soviet government agreed to provide me with a teaching model and drawing information of an atomic bomb, and signed an agreement for this.

In June 1959, Khrushchev's three months before visiting the United States, he unilaterally torn the agreement and refused to provide me with the teaching model and drawings of the atomic bomb.

In July 1959, the central government decided to make a self -reliance on the original bullets, starting from scratch, and prepared to be done within 8 years. In the words of Chairman Mao at the time, it was: the atomic bomb must be done, and it must be done, but you can only make a small, so you can do it, you can't do it, because you spend too much money, you can't afford it.

1962年11月，经科学家、工程师们的努力，并提出提前制成原子弹的可行性报告，中央决定：争取在1964~1965年搞成原子弹，同时加快弹道导弹的研制工作（在一段时间内， When the Central Secretariat and the Politburo met when they mentioned these two bombs, they both used "round" (atomic bomb) and "long" (missile) to replace them).

Premier Zhou said that if this nuclear test, if successful, it can be said that the plan is completed in advance. This word can be said until the test is successful tomorrow. But now you have to prepare government statements and communiqués.

Then, Premier Zhou proposed the main points of the government's statement: First, we must comprehensively clarify my country's government's policies for nuclear weapons. Our goal is to comprehensively prohibit and completely destroy nuclear weapons. Second, it is forced to explain that my country conducts nuclear tests and develop nuclear weapons. In order to self -defense, it is a nuclear threat and nuclear blackmail against imperialism. Third, it is necessary to announce that China will not first use nuclear weapons at any circumstances. Fourth, we must put forward suggestions for the summit meetings of various countries. First of all, there must be a nuclear weapon country to bear the obligation of not using nuclear weapons.

During the conversation of the Prime Minister, Comrade Pu Shouchang, his foreign affairs secretary and English translation, sent the relevant information of the Chinese government's attitude towards nuclear weapons for our reference.

After Premier Zhou outlined his opinion, we asked us to draft the government before midnight. It was eight o'clock in the evening.

The three of us quickly talked about how to reflect the Prime Minister's thoughts, and generally drafted the layout of the statement. We also did a division of labor. First, Qiao Guanhua said in general, and then I sent words and sentences. After everyone agreed, it was written by Yao Yan and the drafting work was smooth. The government statement that less than 2000 words was drafted shortly after midnight. After writing the short communiqué, it was about two o'clock in the morning.

After looking at the draft draft, Premier Zhou came to the small restaurant and said with a cordial smile that the manuscript was generally available. I have to consider some words and can send Chairman Mao for approval. You of you are worthy of being fast. Now comforting you, one bowl of double yellow eggs can be boiled. The Prime Minister said with interest that these yellow eggs are the specialty of my hometown (Huai'an), which is used to comfort you with symbolic meaning, that is, we are engaged in two bombs. Then Premier Zhou also explained that the explosion tomorrow is a nuclear device with a large volume and is not a actual atomic bomb. Scientists and engineers are developing miniaturized, and atomic bombs that can be carried on airdrops and futures on ballistic missiles with airplanes. However, no matter the river, the successful test tomorrow will be the milestone of our self -reliance to master nuclear weapons (later, the first half of the nuclear test, in May 1965, the first airdrops in my country were successful; two years later, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966, in 1966 In October, my country's first ballistic missile was launched successfully).

Premier Zhou finally explained to us how to publish. He asked me to wait in Xinhua News Agency the next morning. He sent me the government statement and communiqué to me, and I organized the preparations before the release, but when did I publish his notice. Chinese and English text broadcasts and spoken broadcasts must be broadcast at the same time. The English draft is translated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Qiao Guanhua is responsible for the organization. All this must be strictly confidential before the announcement to ensure that all the loopholes that may be leaked.

On the morning of October 16th, I came to Xinhua News Agency's office early in the morning. Zhong came to Xinhua News Agency, and also asked Comrade Mei Yi to come with the announcer in order to get a broadcasting preparation after getting the final draft.

At 10 o'clock, the Prime Minister sent Comrade Zhao Wei to send three copies of the printed government statements and communiques, and told me: The Prime Minister explained that he had to wait for his phone notice to publish it. Before that, he must be strictly kept secret. At this time, I explained to the comrades waiting in my office to explain to the government statement and bulletin about the first atomic bomb explosion, and asked everyone to keep confidential. Then Comrade Mei Yi studied how to broadcast with the announcer. Our comrades of the same newspaper studied how to get the number, but in my office, no one left, waiting for the Prime Minister's notice.

We have been waiting in the morning until the afternoon. After 3 o'clock, the prime minister called that the explosion had been successful. The blank place in the two manuscripts should be filled with "15th on the 16th" (Beijing time). But Chairman Mao said that he had to wait to see what reactions in foreign countries were announced. The Prime Minister asked me to pay attention to what foreign news agencies had information and report to him at any time. He also said that everyone can return to their own units to prepare for broadcasting and issuing, but when will it be announced to wait for his notification and keep secret before the announcement, and only let the relevant personnel know.

After that, first of all, from Washington, Stockholm, London, and Paris, the news of my country conducted nuclear tests from Washington, Stockholm, London, and Paris. Xinhua News Agency quickly and continuously reported to Premier Zhou.

In the evening, when Premier Zhou, Chairman Mao, and Shao Qi, such as the central leaders, met the performances of the large -scale song and dance "Oriental Red" performers in the Great Hall of the People before deciding to announce the news of the shocking world at 10 pm that night.

Premier Zhou called to inform me that you completed the task. The next task is to draft government work reports. You think about, discuss, and talk to you in a few days.

Here is the government work report made by Premier Zhou at the first meeting of the Third National People's Congress in December 1964. This is the last government work report drafted under the preparation of the Prime Minister before the "Cultural Revolution". Ten years later, at the end of 1974, I drafted the government work report of Premier Zhou at the first meeting of the Fourth National People's Congress. At that time, the Prime Minister we was in love was already terminally ill and was sick in bed, and we could only be drafted by Comrade Deng Xiaoping. However, at the conference on January 13th, Premier Zhou had a spirit of stubbornness, and insisted on finishing his last government work report in his life. I listened to his powerful voice on the podium, and looked at his thin face, and couldn't help crying: It's our good prime minister!

Wu Lengxi

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