The concentrated supply is coming, and the air conditioning room temperature is 26 ° C in the future?

Theoretically, as long as there is a concentrated heating place

Can achieve concentrated cooling

In the past few days, my country has encountered high temperatures above 40 ° C. Chongqing, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places issued high -temperature red warnings.

The monitoring data of the National Climate Center shows that from June to early July this year, the average number of high temperatures in the country is 5.3 days, which is the largest in history since 1961, and the comprehensive intensity is the 6th since 1961.

Under the high temperature "long standby" mode, the air conditioner becomes an indispensable "renewal artifact". At the same time, the topic of concentrating the cold supply has also triggered more and more discussions.

Especially after trial concentration of cold supply in the Jinan CBD area, a report on "without opening the air conditioner can also keep room temperature 26 ° C", which is full of attractiveness for people with cool heat.

After all, in the hot summer, if you can achieve concentrated supply of concentrated supply like concentrated heating, the "Happiness Index" will inevitably be greatly improved.

However, compared to the northern trial of decades of concentrated heating, concentration of concentration of cooling is obviously strange for most people. Concentrated supply of cooling involves the transformation of existing municipal facilities, how to charge cold charges, and what conditions can be promoted on a large area is a topic that everyone is concerned about.

Refrigeration effect is good

According to reports, since this year, the Jinan CBD area has begun to concentrate on the trial operation of the cold supply mode, and has covered about 210,000 square meters of shopping malls and office buildings in the area.

Jinan CBD area

It is worth noting that the Jinan CBD area adopts the largest domestic cold and cold and the same network. In winter heating in summer, the same set of tube network systems can undoubtedly save duplicate construction costs and space resources.

So, how is the switching of "cooling" and "heating" models realized? In fact, the medium in the pipe network is always water, cooling or heating depends on the height of the water temperature.

When concentrated heating in winter, the heat source uses the residual heat of the Zhangqiu Power Plant. The hot water is transported to the CBD area through a 43.8 kilometer long transmission pipe network, and then the hot water is sent to the end system of each user through the thermal switching station, such as the radiator, such as the radiator, , Floor warmth, etc.

When concentrated in summer, use the cold source of the southern energy center, use the existing winter heating pipe network in the CBD area, and transport the freezing water to the heat exchange station in the area. Water conveys to the user's end wind tray system.

In addition, concentrated supply can also regulate the temperature manually. It is understood that the end -of -the -end cold facilities of the Jinan CBD area are in the form of a fan. This kind of device comes with a temperature control panel, and users can independently adjust the indoor temperature according to the needs.

"The indoor is maintained at about 26 ° C, the effect is very good. The cooling fee is settled according to the cooling amount, and the meter is measuring. Say.

Cui Yan, chairman of Shandong Ruiguan Energy Heating Co., Ltd., who is responsible for the centralized supply of Jinan CBD, has introduced the media that from the current user feedback that has been concentrated in cooling, the effect is good.

"From the beginning of operation to the present, users have a process of gradually cognitive, just like when Jinan first concentrated heating in the early 1990s." Cui Yan said.

A industry insider told China News Weekly that the Jinan CBD area was able to implement a centralized supply of cold supply, which is related to the "Jinan CBD City Design and Guidelines" compiled by the Jinan Municipal Government in May 2017. On the basis of the heat, the regional concentration is used at the same time.

"Now the application of concentrated cold supply is still limited. Generally, it can be seen in large shopping malls, stations, office buildings, and hospitals, laboratories, factories and other special places. The building density is high and concentrated. This is an important prerequisite for the area to achieve cold concentration in winter heating in the summer. "The industry said.

This kind of commercial agglomeration area uses concentrated cooling compared with its own construction of air -conditioning equipment, which not only reduces the occupation of the computer room, the cooling tower roof occupation, but also reduces the electricity for the construction of the building for air -conditioning refrigeration. Beautiful.

Li Gang, chief engineer of Tongyuan Design Group, said that in the commercial agglomeration area, the characteristics of different functions of commercial buildings can be used in different functional commercial buildings. In conjunction with the design of the ice storage and water storage system, the designs of ice storage and water storage systems can be used to make full use of Fenggu Electric differences to accumulate cooling. It not only reduces the operating cost of the system, but also realizes the peak of the grid.

It is estimated that in the future, after the cooling area of ​​the Jinan CBD area reaches 2.2 million square meters, the carbon dioxide emissions of about 120,000 tons can be reduced each year, which is equivalent to the carbon emissions generated by the entire summer air -conditioning refrigeration throughout the summer of 10,000 households.

Starting in the starting stage

The concept of concentrated cold supply was proposed as early as the 1940s, but until 1961, Hartford, the capital of Connecticut, began to try to concentrate. However, affected by the technical conditions at that time, the thermal coefficient of its system was very low, and the economy was not high. It could not even be compared with the traditional air -conditioning system, so the development was not smooth.

Later, Japan, France, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and other countries have tried it. Some Nordic countries are particularly good at using natural cold cooling such as seawater, lakes, and groundwater.

In the field of concentration of cold supply, China is still in its infancy.

At present, the summer refrigeration of urban residents in my country mainly uses a split electric air conditioner. This refrigeration method is continuously intensifying the "heat island effect" from power generation, power transmission, to the indoor and outdoor gas of air -conditioning. In addition, the air -conditioning refrigeration also has problems such as high energy consumption, dripping water, and outdoor machines affecting the aesthetics of buildings. The use of refrigerant Fluton in air conditioners is also generally questioned by environmental protection experts. Therefore, for the ecological environment, air conditioners are not so "friendly".

In 2000, China issued the "Regulations on the Development of the Development of Heat and Power" to encourage the active development of urban hot water supply and centralized cooling supply in various regions, expand the cooling load in summer, and improve the annual operating efficiency. Since then, China's cities have entered the exploration of the cooling system in the construction area.

At present, the Guangzhou University Town, Shenzhen Qianhai District, Beijing Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park and other areas have also adopted a concentrated way of cold supply and have been put into operation.

Guangzhou University Town is one of the earliest regions to implement cold supply in my country, and one of the largest regions in the world at that time at that time.

The university town consists of 10 universities and central districts, with a total construction area of ​​about 8 million square meters. The university town energy system adopts a distributed energy system (also known as the "hot and heat power three -piece supply"). Stations, regional cooling systems and centralized life hot water systems.

Distributed energy stations use liquefied gas as fuel, combustion to obtain gas, gas is first used for power generation. Part of the steam generated by the remaining heat provides hot water to the university urban area by concentrating the hot water system. The device of the household air conditioner generates cold water of about 2.5 ° C. Cold water generates air -conditioning energy through the heat of the fan, which is loved by local teachers and students.

At the same time, in July of this year, the "centralized monitoring and display center" of Qianhai No. 5 Shenzhen, Shenzhen, announced its official opening. Qianhai No. 5 Cold Station is the central station of the Qianhai area concentrated cold supply system, and it is also the first cold station in Qianhai Shenzhen Port Cooperation Zone Qianwan District. It is currently the Qianhai Kerry Center and Qianhai Zhongji International Center. 10 The remaining architectural complex concentrated.

The formal opening of the "Concentrated Monitoring and Exhibition Center" means that in the future, managers can remotely control the "central station" of all cold stations in Qianhai through centralized monitoring systems to achieve centralized scheduling, control and control and control and control of the Qianhai area. Management greatly improves system management efficiency.

But not every concentrated cold supply project can be promoted smoothly.

In 2014, due to road renovation and the demolition of heat source power plants, the Taiyuan Cooling Project had to face the doom of suspension.

Time returns to 2000. In order to improve the use rate of heating equipment, Taiyuan thermal Company was transformed on the basis of the original equipment, which changed the condition of the heating equipment in the past "operating in winter in winter". The annual cooling time is June 20 Day to August 20.

However, in the more than ten years of operation, the actual cold supply area of ​​Taiyuan is less than 50,000 square meters. The units with concentrated cold supply are also used. ) 3 units. Data show that Taiyuan's concentrated cold supply capacity has reached 1 million square meters.

At that time, the person in charge of the project stated that due to the inadequate recognition of the public, it was difficult to promote the concentrated supply of cold supply projects. The excessive use rate made the refrigeration equipment "survived" and made the project only maintain costs for 15 years.

"Economic account" is difficult to count

The concentrated supply of cold in the commercial area has achieved trial operation, but how can we walk into millions of households and use it in a large area in the house?

Wu Xiaolong, general manager of Chongqing Yizhong Digital Energy Technology Co., Ltd., talked in an interview with China News Weekly that it is not difficult to achieve concentrated concentration in the house. for selection. But the primary problem faced by concentration is people's cognition.

At this stage, winter heating and heating in my country is a rigid demand for "food and clothing type". In summer, cooling in summer is a "enjoyment" soft consumption. For many users, cooling is a kind of improvement of quality of life rather than affordable. Factors, so not everyone is willing to pay for it.

Theoretically, as long as there are concentrated heating places, concentrated supply can be achieved. Whether it is to modify the original thermal station, install refrigeration equipment, or re -lay down the cold and warm and the supply network -the thermal station after the transformation becomes the heating station becomes becoming Gathering the "concentrated energy station" with the function of heating, cooling, and living hot water.

However, at the actual operation level, there are many issues to face. Wu Xiaolong has made an estimate that "the cost is not low."

It is understood that the cooling pipeline is high than the heating pipeline in terms of heat preservation and sealing. The insulation material of the air -conditioning pipeline has slightly gaps, which will produce condensate and frost on the appearance of the air -conditioning pipeline, causing energy consumption. In addition, the existing heating tablets in the residents' homes cannot play a cold effect. The principle of the wind turbine ducts is similar to the air outlet of the air -conditioned indoor machine, which is heated or cooling through this air outlet.

When the refrigeration pipeline is renovated, it is also necessary to do construction and walls, walls, and holes. Now most of the residents 'homes have been renovated. Re -laying pipelines will cause damage to the original decoration of the residents' homes. Coupled with the high requirements of pipeline facilities, the cost of one -time investment in transformation is not low.

"For residential users who have completed the renovation and acquisition of air -conditioning, they are rarely willing to pay more than additional supply." Wu Xiaolong admitted, "Unless heating equipment like the north is placed in a new house that is about to be delivered in advance, users will slowly slowly. It is accustomed to it. "It can be seen that the difficulty of building a house and the lack of opportunities for new houses to build a new house has become one of the resistance to the people's lives.

Cold supply is also one of the topics that people care about.

Wu Xiaolong introduced that the current radiation range of the cold station is within 5 kilometers. Unlike concentrated heating, the pipeline can be spread very long. As the scale of use cannot be expanded, with the increase in supply costs, enterprises are trapped in limited users and too low usage, which often cause operational difficulties.

In the north, the heating period can be up to 5 months, and there are fewer people to stop the heating, but the concentrated supply is different. If the temperature is not suitable, you can turn it off manually at any time. "Suppose a community has a cold area of ​​100,000 square meters, and often the actual use area is only 30 to 40,000 square meters." Wu Xiaolong said.

He talked that in some southern parts that have been promoted to concentrate -cooled communities, the monthly cooling fee is about 700 yuan, "slightly higher than the air conditioning fee."

Wu Xiaolong and the team have done a large -scale survey in the south, about whether to implement a concentrated supply of cold supply. In the early days of the investigation, the investigators were almost supported, but when they really paid, they found that the number of people willing to pay is far lower than expected.

"In fact, there are a lot of concentrated -cold projects in the south. Why lack publicity? Because strictly speaking, there is no one who really earns money." He said.

Therefore, for investors, how to calculate "economic accounts" has become a big problem.

Wu Xiaolong believes that although concentrated supply of cooling belongs to the people's livelihood project, how to make it into a complete, reproducible profitable project is the key factor in concentrating whether the cooling can be promoted in large areas.

Author: Chen Shulian ([email protected])

Edit: Sun Xiaobo

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