Let the corn and soybeans from "neighbors" to "neighbors" Professor of Sichuan Agricultural University for more than 20 years to protect the "Chinese granary" 丨 Grain Field Watchman

Cover Journalist Yang Jin Zhu Intern Tan Qingyue

In July, the summer is full of summer. In a farmland in Renshou County, Meishan City, Sichuan, the green corn stalks have been higher than the heads. Between the two lines of corn belt, one ridge soybean seedlings grow strong.

As early as 2007, Meishan began to introduce the research team of Yang Wenyu, a professor at Sichuan Agricultural University, and established a test field in Renshou County to explore corn -soybean -shaped composite planting technology.

This year's Central Document No. 1 mentioned that it is necessary to "promote corn -soybean band -shaped planting in Huanghuaihai, Northwest, and Southwest to vigorously implement soybean and oil production capacity improvement projects.

This technology is also the result of Professor Yang Wenyu led the team for more than 20 years. After many years of exploration, this "Sichuan" technology has gradually moved from the experimental base to the crowds of the people, allowing people in Sichuan, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and other places to taste the sweetness of increasing production and income.

In the same field, how to make corn and soybeans from "enemies" into a harmonious "neighbor"? What are the problems of this technology promotion? In early July, the cover journalist talked about Professor Yang Wenyu of Sichuan Agricultural University and listened to him how to scientifically match corn and soybeans to make them a good harvest in the field of hope.

Yang Wenyu (first from the right) and the research team went deep into the field to guide soybean corn band -shaped composite planting technology. Photography: Liu Yuehua

"The most adorable height difference" in the grain field

In a fertile farmland, the species in them will desperately find resources such as nutrients, sunlight, moisture, and staged the law of nature of "survival of the fittest." Corn and soybeans are the same season of dry grain crops. There are natural competitive relationships in my country with limited land. How can they grow harmoniously?

This is the issue that Professor Yang Wenyu and the team have been thinking and exploring for more than 20 years.

"Beginning in 2000, we put forward the" wheat-corn-soybean new three-cooked model "in response to the barren soil and soil loss of hills and soil in the Sichuan Basin." According to the actual planting of Sichuan, starting in 2008, Yang Wenyu will focus on research on the focus of research. Focusing on corn-soybean rooms as a two-cooked mode, that is, corn-soybean band-shaped composite planting technology.

"How to plant compound planting? In general, corn is sowed at the end of March and early April. Soybean is sown in early June. They will experience a growth period to achieve 2-line corn and 2-4 lines of soybeans alternately." Yang Wenyu Tell reporters that before farmers planted soybean, they couldn't plant corn, and corn could not plant soybeans. However, under the condition of soybean corn band -shaped planting, it can achieve non -reduced corn production and can stabilize the production. At the same time, it can be received for one more season of soybeans. It can receive 100 kg to 150 kg of soybeans per mu.

According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry, the area of ​​composite planting in soybeans and corn bands in 2021 has reached more than 7 million mu, and the model is now basically mature. If you calculate 100 kg of soybeans per acre, after a year, the country will "pick up" more than 700 million kilograms of soybeans. According to the plan, we will strive to increase the area of ​​15 million mu of bean corn band -shaped composite this year, which will further ensure the safety of my country's food.

Earlier this year, the relevant person in charge of the Agricultural and Rural Department of Sichuan Province publicly stated at the press conference of the No. 1 document of the Provincial Party Committee in 2022 that this year Sichuan will implement a demonstration and promotion project of 3.1 million mu of soybean corn band -shaped planting. At present, the project implementation plan has been formulated The technical solution is clearly promoted in 108 counties (cities, districts).

As a result, in July and August, a special scenery will be seen in many fields. The green corn and soybeans are neatly arranged. The corn stalks are tall and upright, and the bean seedlings are growing up. Not only is the shape unique, but also the expectations of this land on harvest.

Yang Wenyu (first from left) and the research team went deep into the field to guide soybean corn band -shaped composite planting technology. Photography: Liu Yuehua

"Enemy" becomes "neighbors"

Soy and corn sets are not simply putting two kinds of farmers together. "There is a university asking." Yang Wenyu said that to make them a "neighbor" who lives in harmony, we must consider factors such as varieties, ratio configuration, density, fertilization and other factors.

"Among them, Xingbi configuration is the focus of our research." Yang Wenyu told reporters that corn and soybeans are the combination of high stalks and short stalks. It is necessary to increase the advantages of corn as much as possible and reduce the disadvantages of soybeans. How to match it should be comprehensively considered according to local geography, climate and other conditions. "2 lines of corn with 3 lines of soybeans, 4 lines of beans, 5 lines of soybeans, etc. We have experimented. In some areas, the maximum line ratio of corn and soybeans can reach 2: 6, that is, 2 lines of corn+6 Walk soybean. "

No matter how the number of soybeans changes, corn always maintains two lines. This is because the crops have "edge effects", and the crops on the side of the field are better than the internal rows. Keep the two lines of corn unchanged. In this way, all corn has the advantage of the edge, and the middle and lower leaves can get sufficient sunlight. This does not mean that the farther the distance between the corn belt and the corn band, the better. Yang Wenyu said that the distance between the two rows of corn and the two lines of corn is the most suitable in 1.6 meters-2.6 meters, and it should be determined according to the planting areas.

The distance between corn and soybeans is constantly adjusting. "By continuously screening and comparison, we find that the distance of 60 cm is the best." This distance is constantly adapting to new needs. Yang Wenyu added that "In order to adapt to mechanized operations, the Huanghuaihai area can reach the maximum of 70 cm during seeding." After repeated experiments and research, Yang Wenyu and the team members gradually found the "best position" of the symbiosis of corn and soybeans.

Yang Wenyu (first from the right) and the research team went deep into the field to guide soybean corn band -shaped composite planting technology. Photography: Liu Yuehua

Technology enters the home of ordinary people

According to the planting technology studied by Professor Yang Wenyu, every acre of land can increase the income of 100 kg to 150 kilograms when the corn production is guaranteed.

But when he goes to all parts of the country to promote this technology, farmers often have skepticism. Someone directly asked: After planting so much soybean in the field, why does the corn be reduced?

The secret is hidden in the middle of the two lines of corn. Professor Yang Wenyu told reporters that the same field, compared with the net -breed corn, after planting soybeans, the planting area of ​​corn did decrease, but the number did not decrease.

"After fixed two lines of corn, the advantage of the while reaches the maximum. If the corn is planted, the plant spacing is about 30 cm. After the seeding, the plant spacing of the corn is controlled at about 15 cm. In this way, the number of plants of corn has not decreased. To ensure the amount of fertilization of a single plant and plant it, it can ensure that the yield of corn reaches the average local corn output. "Yang Wenyu introduced that not only the yield of corn is kept, but also hundreds of pounds of soybeans.

On February 22 this year, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee was officially released. It is mentioned that "promoting corn and soybean -shaped composite planting in Huanghuaihai, Northwest, and Southwest. As a senior expert who has studied the technology for more than 20 years, Yang Wenyu and the team have traveled all over the country all year round, penetrating into the fields, and trained and guided soybean corn band -shaped composite planting technology.

The situation is good, but this technology needs to solve several problems. Yang Wenyu believes that first of all, core technologies must be localized. "Different requirements have different needs, and there are differences in comparison configuration, planting density, and fertilization." At the same time "At present, it is necessary to weed corn and soybeans separately in the weeding link." In addition, as modern agricultural mechanization increases, it is necessary to study how to harvest corn and soybeans at the same time.

"Don't worry, these problems are being resolved." Professor Yang Wenyu said that after years of promotion, everyone began to accept this technology and take measures to solve the problems encountered.

When a publicity was promoted, a large planting family came to learn from him. Through conversation, Yang Wenyu knew that the other party had seriously pondered this technology. As a result, Yang Wenyu appeared on the spot and deliberately examined him: "If you plant it, you may encounter the following problems. How to solve it?" The other party did not retreat and told Professor Yang Wenyu one by one that he thought about it. Yang Wenyu recalled that it was very hot that day and went to several places to guide. In fact, she was very tired. At that moment, I felt that I was worth it. "It is necessary to have this spirit. When you encounter a problem, you can find a way to solve it."

For more than 20 years, Yang Wenyu is very optimistic about the development of corn -soybean band -shaped composite planting technology. He said that he hopes to establish more demonstration models across the country, so that farmers can see the benefits, join in as soon as possible, and jointly realize the dream of increasing production and income.

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