Is Yao Shun Yu just a legend, or does it really exist?

Around 5,300 years, when the late Yangshao era transitioned to the Longshan Culture era, all regions of the Chinese land entered the stage of civilization. In historical materials, civilizations in various regions have also opened the "legendary era". The "Five Emperors" was the legend of the Xia Dynasty for more than a thousand years. The beginning of the "Historical Records" was the "Five Emperor's Book of Book", followed by "Xia Benji" and "Yin Benji".

Chinese civilization is "5,000 years up and down", and a thousand years is "legend". How can it prove that the history of civilization in this thousand years is a fact? "If the historical evolution is concerned, historical legends are not groundless, and there must be a certain historical fact, but it is difficult to completely confirm it with the literature. According to the original historical truth. "Gao Jiangtao, a researcher at the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Tao Temple archeological team leader, told the reporter of" China Report ".

△ The site of the Tao Temple of Xiangfen, Shanxi.

The Central Plains region has become the core and main veins of Chinese civilization. It has gone through a process of gradual development. This thousand years is a critical period for the "quantity to change to qualitative change". With the advancement of archeology, this "legendary era" is entering reality.

Speaking from Tao Temple

In Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, the Dajie Cold area of ​​the Yellow River, the Tao Temple site was found during the Cultural Relics census in the 1950s. After more than 40 years of archeological excavation, it was confirmed that this was about 4300-3900 today. Nian Ducheng site.

Tao Temple is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and one side of the water, which is very close to the summary of the location of the capital selection in "Pipe": "Fanli country is not under the mountains, it must be above Guangchuan. Near the water and the province. "For more than 40 years, more and more archeological materials have proved that the Tao Temple site is likely to be the capital of the Yaoshun era.

"Regardless of archeology, literature, legends, or folk customs, a large amount of evidence forms evidence chain, pointing Tao Temple to the era of Yao Shunyu. Tao Temple archeology has become a key means to empirical Yao Shunyu's time to a certain extent." Gao Jiang Tao said.

"Through the comprehensive research of archeology, remove water and restore its true state," walk out of the legend. "Gao Jiangtao explained to the reporter of" China Report "that through archeological research, it was confirmed that the Yao Shun Yu era was real. The legend has historical facts; but many mythical content recorded in that era and literature is two concepts, because the ancient legends and records will be added and leaf, and various factors will become what we know now. "The legend reflects reflection At that time, but the things of that era were not the legend itself. "

The area of ​​the ancient city of Tao Temple is about 2.8 million square meters, which is a super -large city site in prehistoric Chinese history. The Tao Temple site found that Miyagi, Waigong City, Guanxiangtai, handicraft workshop, and senior tombs were found. Long plates, text flat pots, drums, stone pupae, and jade beast noodles were unearthed. Tao Temple Civilization has integrated and innovated the capital system, palace system, and ceremonial building system.

△ On the flat pot unearthed at the site of the Tao Temple in Xiangfen, Shanxi, there are two text written in cinnabar books, which is one side of the "text".

There is a broken flat pot among the cultural relics unearthed. It is on this residual pot. With "shocking discovery": there is a word written on each side of the pot body. "Text is one of the important carriers of civilization, which can directly reflect the degree of social civilization and record historical truth. If the text form is single, it may be symbol and portrayal. These two words are on the same utensils. Obviously It is not simply symbol and portrayal. Two words can be sentenced, expressing a certain complicated significance, that is, what we usually call 'text'. Oracle is already a mature text system. There must be one in front of it. During the formation of development, Tao Temple just found two texts on the same flat pot. "Gao Jiangtao said.

Gao Jiangtao told the reporter of the China News that one of these two words, one of the ancient text research experts have recognized it as the word "text", and there is basically no controversy. Another word, some people say it is "Yao", "Wen Yao" expresses Yao's wo -moral thoughts; some people think that it is the word "昜", "昜" is "Tang", Tao Tang, and "Yao". Relations; some people say that it is "Yiyi", and "Wenyi" has a relationship with Dayu.

"In fact, we look at this word. The above is a sun shape, and the middle is instructions in the middle, and the following is an individual. We can speculate that it reflects the sun's long -term observation of the sun. The law of operation is likely to create an observation station. "Gao Jiangtao explained this," We cannot imagine the importance of the viewing table with the thinking of today's people, and we should cross the ancient people's thinking more than 4,000 years ago. In terms of it, it means that at that time, it guided agricultural production through astronomy. Obviously it was the core advanced technology at that time, which reflected the exploration and pursuit of 'Tian ". Compared with today's development of the aerospace business, it is also" asking the sky ". The pursuit of the universe is a eternal theme. "

In "Shangshu Yao Dian", the Emperor Yao was recorded "when he was like the sun, the moon and the stars, and the time to teach people". This means that during the Yao period, relatively mature astronomical calendars have been used to guide farming. In 2003, archeologists found a large -scale rammed earth building with 13 rammed pillars and planes in the middle of the Tao Temple. This was later considered an observation table with observation of the function of phenomena. After repeated exploration experiments and the help of astronomers, the Tao Temple Observatory has confirmed that it can observe 20 vitality. "So we often say that Yao Shun Yu may be 'legend', but that era must not be 'legend'." Gao Jiangtao said.

"All Country" era

In the records of ancient legends and later historical materials, there are many expressions of "all nations", such as Huangdi "set up the left and right prisoners, supervises the nation, and the country is peaceful." What is the state of "all nations"?

In May 2020, the Zhengzhou Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Institute announced archeological results: After inspection and demonstration, it was believed that the Gongyi Shuanghuai Tree site was a capital site in the ancient country around 5300 years. "Heilo Ancient State".

△ Family silkworm tooth carvings unearthed from the Gongyi Shuanghuai Tree site in Henan are the earliest cultural relics in the history of Chinese farmers and mulberry civilization.

The double locust tree site covers an area of ​​1.17 million square meters. It is found that there are large -scale central residential sites with a large -scale center of the middle and late stages of Yangshao culture, and large -scale block -shaped rammed soils made of edition construction method. The ruins, three large -scale public cemeteries, three rammed earth sacrifice campaign relics, etc., have unearthed a large number of rich cultural relics during the Yangshao culture period, such as discovering traces of family silkworm teeth and silk, and a pottery pot use of pottery tanks Simulation of the astronomical relics of the Nine Stars of the Heaven.

After the Pentium Yellow River entered Gongyi City, Henan, he met with the Yiluo River and painted a natural "Tai Chi Map" that was reflected in the clear yellow and clear. Shuanghuashu River's Luogu sites are located on the high platform on the south bank of the Yellow River, just in the town of Heiluo, where Yiluohui flows into the Yellow River.

Li Boqian, a professor at Peking University and chief scientist of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dai, said: "The geographical location and the era of the ancient kingdom of Heluo are too important. 'Records. "According to carbon 14, the ancient country of Heluo is about 5,300 to 5000 years ago. Li Boqian believes that it is not ruled out that this is the capital of the Yellow Emperor's era, at least the site belongs to the early Chinese brewing stage.

"In terms of archeology, we are known from known, such as the Shang Dynasty, and now it has confirmed that it exists; the Xia Dynasty also proves that it is a faithful history. Pushing forward, a large number of archaeological culture is reflected in the entity of some ethnic groups. The discovery of civilized factors, such as Liangzhu, Tao Temple, and even Longshan, Shijiahe, etc. "Gao Jiangtao believes that a large number of archeological facts are presented from the beginning of the Longshan era to more than 4000 years ago. The degree of civilization of more than 1,000 years is quite developed than before, and has entered the country's period.

As for the "what" during this period, the history recorded in the literature was Huangdi, Yan Emperor and Yao Shunyu. "The legend of Huangdi and Yandi is longer. Yao Shun Yu has a lot of records in the literature, and our archeological discovery has this era. To put it bluntly, the key is the" corresponding 'problem, whether it is completely painted, or part of the painting. Waiting, this is a question of benevolence and wise wisdom. "Gao Jiangtao told the reporter of" China Report ".

After the Central Plains entered the late Longshan era, the population increased, and the scale of settlement expanded. Archeology found a number of new regional centers in the Central Plains region, such as Dengfeng Wangchenggang site, Yuzhou Wadian site, Xinmi Ancient City Town site, Haojiatai site of Tancheng, Huaiyang Pingliangtai site, etc. Zhongyuan City Site. At the same time, cultural exchanges and crowd migration between regions are more frequent, new civilized elements continue to gather, and social development continues to accumulate forces.

"The literature does have the so -called 'Wanbang' '' Wan Guo". In different geographical areas and different civilized modes of that era, there are different civilized models or national forms, such as Liangzhu, Tao Temple, and Shi. They are in different areas. Showing a diverse regional civilization. "Gao Jiangtao told the reporter of China News.

Key change

Around 4500 years, a key civilization phenomenon appeared.

Hou Weidong, deputy director of the Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development Research Center of Henan University, believes that during this period, there were other cultural factors in the Central Plains in the hinterland of the Central Plains, giving people a sense of "Central Plains in the Eight Party", and even showing a kind of "competing for the Central Plains". The magnificent trend.

"Although there were diversified civilization areas and forms at that time, in different areas, different regions began to have a sense of recognition of a certain civilization in consciousness, recorded in the literature, and archeological discovery." Gao Jiangtao used the Tao Temple civilization to give it an example. The representative utensils of other civilizations of Tao Temple civilization have been discovered in Tao Temple. There is an obvious situation that brings together civilizations of other advanced regional civilizations, such as jade crickets that appear in Haiyu culture, burial pig mandibular bones, and Yangtze River The jade and jade of Liangzhu Culture in the lower reaches area, the jade decoration of Shijiahe culture after the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and copper smelting technology introduced from the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the West Asia.

△ Painted dragon plate unearthed at the site of Tao Temple in Xiangfen, Shanxi. In this early state form, dragon has been used as a totem.

"Is the" Ancient country '"in the surrounding areas advance to the Central Plains'" hegemonic world '? Or is the crowd in the surrounding area' admiring Huaxia? Or the people in the surrounding areas seeking vitality when facing the survival crisis and development pressure. ? These issues need to be further archeological excavation and research, and combine the research of historical documents and climate and environment in order to obtain a understanding of the truth. "Hou Weidong said. Gao Jiangtao believes that this reflects the absorption and integration of civilization. "This also illustrates that civilizations in different regions agree with civilization in a certain area and are willing to send advanced civilization factors." He told the reporter of "China Report".

Nearly 200 years after Tao Temple, Erlitou began to rise. The latest annual test shows that the absolute age of Erlitou culture is about 3750 to 3550 today. Some scholars believe that in the middle is the third phase of Wangwan, and under the general trend of the northern culture south, the large -scale replacement of Wangwan's third -phase culture against Shijiahe culture soon occurred, corresponding to the "Yu Zheng San Miao" event.

Although Erlitou and Tao Temple did not connect directly, Erlitou accepted the civilized form created by Tao Temple. "It is indeed a different culture if you look at the" pot pots and cans "alone. But we have to look at the building. Erlitou has a lot of inheritance on Tao Temple civilization, and there are many relationships. It is because the successor civilization has inherited and developed the formal civilization form. For example, the inheritance of the Tao Temple's capital system and etiquette, the inheritance of the dragon's culture and handicraft form, etc. "Gao Jiangtao.

After the key change of the "Legend of the Age", after thousands of years of accumulation, the Central Plains civilization has reached the period of Erlitou's cultural period and moved towards the dynasty era.

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