Jiang Shixue: Analysis of the concept of "against globalization"

Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Digest" 2022, Issue 2 P115 — P116

Author: Jiang Shi Xuexue unit: Shanghai University Latin America Research Center, the original title "Averse Globalization" Concept Analysis -Discussing the Globalization of Globalization "is taken from" International Relations "2021, No. 6, Zhang Ping Chen Chen, Zhang Ping Chen Chen Picked

Globalization is the process of interconnection and deepening of each other in various countries. It is a must for the development of human society. Therefore, it is an irreversible historical development trend. The reason why this trend is not reversed is mainly the following forces to continue to play a role.

The first is human society. Human society has the nature of each other since its birth. Since ancient times, although human beings have often broke out of war and even advocate the "law of jungle" that advocate weak meat and strong food, the nature of human society and human society has not been abandoned. This nature also constitutes the motivation of globalization, making globalization a irresistible historical trend of human society.

The second is the expansion of capital. As a production factor, the pursuit of surplus value of capital is unlimited, so the capital has the natural nature of expansion (expansion). This nature has objectively created a variety of conditions for the progress of productive forces, and also makes it easier for human society to gain more wealth. The production of globalization, trade globalization, and financial globalization are closely related to "the historical tasks of capital and existence".

The third is the inertia of productivity. Productivity is a ability to create social wealth, and a decisive force to promote the development of human society. The development of productive forces strengthened human activity, and then made production and commodity transactions exceed regional restrictions. At the same time, it has also promoted the division of labor and deepening the interconnection and dependence of each country. It can be seen that globalization is an inevitable result and objective requirement for productivity development.

Fourth, the inevitability of scientific and technological progress. In human history, every large or small scientific and technological progress can promote the development of globalization. At present, human society is in the early stages of the fourth industrial revolution. Compared with the previous three industrial revolution, the fourth industrial revolution is no longer limited to a specific field, but involves many areas related to high -tech, so it has a greater impact on globalization and promoting the development of globalization. It's even bigger.

In recent years, academic and media at home and abroad have paid more and more attention to "against globalization." In the literal sense, English corresponding to "adverse globalization" should be Reverse Globalization. From June 26-27, 2011, the "Holla S" Global Indian Business Conference was held in Naples, Italy. When discussing issues such as India's economy, world economy, and globalization, some people created a new term of Reverse Globalization. The founder of "Horacis" Frank Tyhgen Richter wrote when introducing the new term of Reverse Globalization, the following four new features have appeared: (1) Non-Western countries from non-Western countries Status is rising; (2) Globalization is transitioning from trade and investment to more complex cross -border exchanges; (3) culture, history, and spiritual value is playing a more important role in the process of globalization; (4) In addition to national countries, cities and regions of various countries are also actively participating in globalization. He believes that these characteristics have emerged as "against globalization". But he pointed out that "against globalization" does not reverse globalization because the globalization process is irresistible. On the contrary, the above four characteristics can make globalization more respectful and more sustainable, thereby further strengthening globalization. Reverse in Reverse Globalization is an adjective. In English, Reverse can also be used as a verb, which means "to ... reverse". However, because globalization is impossible to reverse in reality, the exact meaning of the word "against globalization" should be a more common "anti -globalization".

In fact, "against globalization" is a pseudo -proposition. The reason is: First, the atrophy of international trade and international capital flow will not last long. Globalization is composed of globalization, financial globalization, and trade globalization. Therefore, the important indicator of judging the rapid development of globalization is whether international trade and international capital flows have shrunk. Indeed, the crackdown on international trade and international investment is obvious, but this phenomenon will not last. After the new coronary pneumonia's epidemic is controlled, international trade and international investment will inevitably continue to grow. Therefore, we cannot assert that the globalization trend is reversed because of a temporary decline.

Second, the British "Brexit" has little negative impact on globalization. The Brexit "Brexit" has a heavy blow to European integration, but after Brexit, the British "Brexit" will not take the road to lock the country, but will develop foreign economic relations in a way that is not bound by EU regulations. At the same time, after the Brexit "Brexit", it did not produce the "Domino" effect in the EU, and did not induce other EU member states to follow. Many international multinational companies have stated that they will continue to set the headquarters in the United Kingdom or continue to expand their business in the UK, and even many EU member states will believe that its business in the UK will not change significantly. Therefore, although the relationship with the European Union after the Brexit is full of uncertainty, this uncertainty will not cause globalization to reverse.

Third, former US President Trump has unable to reverse the development trend of globalization. As a superpower, the impact of what the United States does on globalization cannot be underestimated. After Trump came to power, the United States not only launched a number of "trade war" and many "retreating groups"; not only required American companies to transfer employment opportunities to the United States, but also restricted technology transfer with despicable methods. However, these methods are not enough to reverse the development trend of globalization. Compared with the global trend, Trump's trade protectionism can be described as a praying arm block, shaking trees. Fourth, the adverse effects of the new coronary pneumonia's epidemic on personnel will not exist permanently. The flow of personnel in cross -border is one of the important signs of globalization. In order to cope with the epidemic, countries around the world have adopted measures to restrict the flow of personnel. This has greatly affected the aviation industry, tourism industry, and other industries that are closely related to personnel. However, it is expected that after the epidemic is controlled, the flow of personnel in the cross -border will inevitably return to normal, and a significant growth will occur again.

Fifth, various forms of international cooperation mechanisms have always promoted globalization in persistently. The United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and other international organizations are still holding up the banner of multilateralism to escort globalization. In addition, multilateral cooperation mechanisms such as the Group of Twenty Group, Asia -Pacific Economic Cooperation and BRICS countries are also doing their best to promote the trend of globalization.

Sixth, China has made great efforts to promote globalization. As the world's second largest economy, China has implemented a series of eye -catching open measures. In addition to further relaxing the restrictions on foreign investment and significantly reduced tariffs, China also proposed the "Belt and Road" initiative to establish an Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, sign high -standard free trade agreements with multiple countries, and actively participate in multilateral and bilateral regional investment Trade cooperation mechanisms, build the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area, organize the International Import Expo, sign the "Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement", and apply to join the "Agreement of Comprehensive and Progressive Cross -Pacific Partnership Relationships". All of these measures have made great contributions to the steady development of globalization. Therefore, advocating "anti -globalization" is to degrade China's contribution.

In recent years, "anti -globalization" has indeed become more and more obvious, and its appearance is not accidental. Globalization has deepened the interdependence between the country and the country, promoted the effective allocation of resources globally, and effectively promoted the development of the world economy, but it will also produce the following side effects.

First of all, the gap between the globalization and the gap between the rich and the poor is further expanded. The benefits obtained from globalization at different stages of development are incomparable. The advantages of developed countries using their advantages in funding, technology, international rules, and comprehensive national strength, the benefits obtained from globalization are significantly greater than developing countries.

Secondly, globalization has enlarged the vulnerability of developing countries. Although some developing countries have stood out and become a new economy favored by international investors. But as a whole, the vulnerability of developing countries cannot be underestimated. This fragility is mainly reflected in the following aspects: comprehensive national strength (especially international competitiveness), weak market economy systems, poor ability to resist external shocks, and small room for foreign economic policies. This fragile has made developing countries facing huge risks in the process of participating in globalization.

Finally, globalization increases the difficulty of maintaining non -traditional security. Because globalization has promoted the flow of personnel and commodities globally, it also dilutes the importance of sovereignty (especially border lines) to a certain extent, so non -traditional security faces unprecedented challenges. From new coronary viruses to various forms of terrorism, from air pollution and water pollution to climate change, from illegal immigration to drug smuggling, from unsafe networks to multinational criminal groups, they have all related to globalization.

"Anti -globalization" shows the following characteristics: the composition of "anti -globalization" people; the goals of "anti -globalization" attacks are omnipotent; the "anti -globalization" phenomenon has various forms of expression. Globalization is a "double -edged sword". In the process of promoting human progress and creating more economic benefits, there will also be some side effects. Therefore, with the rapid development of globalization, the appearance of "anti -globalization" is not surprising. Moreover, the motivation of globalization is always greater than the resistance of globalization, and the trend of globalization will not be reversed or reflux due to the existence of "anti -globalization".

According to Marxist dialectics, after the emergence of globalization, it will always encounter large or small resistance. In other words, "anti -globalization" will never be stunned. But globalization is an irreversible trend of the times. China and other progressive forces have made significant contributions to the development of globalization. Therefore, although globalization cannot be smooth sailing, it will always be affected by a variety of unfavorable factors, but we cannot conclude that globalization is reversing or retrogression because of globalization.

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