Tea trade promotes modern Wuhan to enter the domestic international "dual cycle" | Understand China along the Yangtze River -Hubei Qianli Yangtze

The Yangtze River Daily-Yangtze River Network (Reporter Li Jianhua Liu Yuanhang) The starting point of the China-Russia Wanli Tea Ceremony is famous for the "Oriental Tea Port" in Wuhan, which has a heavy weight in the tea culture of the Yangtze River Basin.

In 2019, the State Administration of Cultural Relics included the "Wanli Tea Ceremony" on the "Chinese World Cultural Heritage Preparation List", and Hankou Russia's modern building complex, Dazhimen Railway Station, and Jianghan Guan Building were listed.

On the morning of July 19th, the visiting group of "Understanding China -Hubei Qianli Yangtze River Bank" came to the Jianghan Guan Building, one of the modern buildings of the Hankou Russian business in Hankou, and the Dazhimen Railway Station. "The historical pulse of important node cities.

The members of the visiting group were three generations of old and young, and walked into the Jianghanguan Museum together. Changjiang.com reporter Wang Hai Photo

"Wuhan's tea trade is a famous chapter in the tea culture of the Yangtze River Basin, which fully shows the characteristics of the open and inclusive culture of the Yangtze River culture. The sublimation of the commercial civilization of Wuhan, the evolution of urban forms, and even the industrialization, modernization, and internationalization of Wuhan are all It has a prominent role in promoting and is of great significance to the enlightenment of future development. We should study and inherit in depth. "On July 20, Tu Wenxue, an expert in the delegation and the dean of the Wuhan Research Institute of Jianghan University.

The tea exported to Hankou accounted for 60%of the national tea exports, with a length of 60 years.

"In the 1960s and 1970s, Hankou became the largest tea trade port in the Mainland. According to the customs report of Jianghan Guan, the tea exported by Hankou Port accounted for 60%of the national tea exports, with a length of 60 In the age, even 80%during the heyday. "

Primary school students were attracted by exhibitions on the wall. Changjiang.com reporter Lu Shiwen Wang Hai Photo

After visiting the first stop of the delegation, after visiting the Jianghanguan Building, after visiting the Jianghanguan Museum with the theme of Wuhan's modernization process, members of the group gathered in the "prosperity of tea trade" exhibition area. The status, as well as why the Jiang Hanguan Building has become the legacy point of Wanli Tea Ceremony.

Hankou Customs was first set up in 1862 after Hankou's port was opened. It was named "Jianghan Guan". It exists the throat of Jianghan Guan Building Township Township Township Town. It was built in 1924. The melodious bell comes from the building, as if leading the visiting group to cross the 1920s, and saw that tea merchants weighed, pay taxes, customs declarations, and out of customs ...

Tu Wenxue introduced that China is the hometown of tea. Most of the famous tea in China is produced in the Yangtze River Basin. Hubei, which is rich in famous tea, is one of the earliest areas of tea planting in China. Westerners regard tea as "gold", and the demand for foreign markets is huge. Therefore, "Wanli Tea Ceremony" has risen, that is, from the 17th century to the early 20th century, from Hubei, China to the Sino -Russian border, from Moscow, St. Petersburg to other European cities in Europe. The 14,000 kilometers of tea trade route form another important international business after the "Silk Road".

"Wuhan has a very important position in modern tea trade. Its position in the Wanli Tea Ceremony is the starting point of the 19th century. Hankou brings together transit. After a long time, tea trade is the main support of Hankou economy and the main source of taxation. After Hankou opened the port in 1861, Hankou quickly extended from the transfer port to the tea -storage and storage trade town. The reputation of tea port. "Tu Wenxue explained.

Jianghan Guan Building. Visual China

Revitalizing tea trade is an important part of Zhang Zhidong's "Hubei New Deal"

After listening to Professor Tu Wenxue about the prosperous past of Wuhan tea trade, the members of the visiting group and Gu Yin who were engaged in cultural work quickly asked for teaching: in addition to Hankou's transportation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the convenience of "nine provinces" and "nine provinces". The long -term prosperity of Hankou Tea Trade?

Tu Wenxue replied that Zhang Zhidong's attention to the development of tea trade is also a factor that cannot be ignored. In 1889, after Zhang Zhidong took over Governor of Huguang, he keenly noticed that because the small farmer's economy could not carry out large -scale production, Hankou's tea trade began to go downhill in the 1880s. Zhang Zhidong's implementation of the "Hubei New Deal", revitalizing tea trade is one of the important contents.

"Zhang Zhidong started from the aspects of improving the production method of tea, improving the quality of tea products, and regulating market order, and promulgated a series of policies to promote Hankou tea trade." Farmers in Enshi, Xiangyang and other places grow tea to expand the area of ​​tea planting; improve the planting method, encourage tea merchants to raise funds and share stocks, and achieve large -scale production; advocate machine tea making, improve tea making benefits and quality, encourage tea merchants to invite foreigners to provide technology to provide technology Guidance; there are also regulating market order, optimizing the business environment, tax reduction of compliance tea merchants, punishment for dishonesty merchants; incorporating tea trade into local officials' political performance assessment.

The members of the visiting group carefully watch the exhibition. Changjiang.com reporter Lu Shiwen Wang Hai Photo

Wuhan does not produce tea, but tea trade is prosperous, which is a typical embodiment of Wuhan's commercial civilization

On the bus to the Pakistani house, the members of the visiting team were still interactive and were still interacting. Some visiting members asked Professor Tu Wenxue: There is a very interesting phenomenon that Wuhan itself does not produce tea, but the tea trade is hot. What does this mean for Wuhan? How to interpret it?

Tu Wenxue believes that this is a typical embodiment of the sublimation of the commercial civilization in Wuhan. Wuhan is engaged in intermediary trade, and almost half of Chinese tea is transferred here. As a dock city, Wuhan's tolerance and liquidity are very strong, the market awareness and rules are more advanced, and economic rationality is actually relatively clear. The tea guild has a sound organization, strict rules, specific, and the prosperity of Wuhan tea trade is closely related to this. "Another one, this is also a typical manifestation of Wuhan's growth from the regional trade center into an important part of international trade. It has promoted the large cycle of modern Wuhan into the two domestic and international markets, becoming an external circular international trade port city. The economy is introverted. It is just a large market in the central and western regions. It belongs to the internal circular domestic business center. Entering the international market, it must meet the tastes and needs of the international market, otherwise the market will be lost. "

"The prosperity of tea trade has also promoted the evolution of urban forms. In modern times, Wuhan has become a typical citizen city that grows up with commercial trade. As well as economic and social autonomous organizations such as chambers of commerce and trade unions, a civic society with modern significance has gradually moved to modern times. "Tu Wenxue added.

Using machine tea can be said to be the starting point of Wuhan's modern industry

At the "Bagong House" built by the Russian tea dealer Barnov brothers in 1910, the workers were in the end of the protection and repair. Members put on a helmet and walked into this triangular shape, like sailing old house, and saw it "living" again.

The overall repair project of the 112 -year -old Bagong house has been completed and the acceptance is about to be completed. Photo by Liu Bin, a reporter from the Yangtze River Daily

Peng Zhao, the person in charge of the project site, introduced that this protection and repair project will not only "repair the old as the old", but also try to retain the "old foundation" of the Pakistani house as much as possible, and finally convert it into a historical and cultural experience. High -end hotels, Wanli Tea Ceremony Museum.

Peng Zhao said that in order to allow the Bagong house to restore the original appearance, during the operation of the repair team, through various methods such as washing, shovel, grinding, etc., the old paintings on the wall were stripped layer by layer. The brick surface is at the grassroots level, and it is checked one by one.

In the triangular patio, Tu Wenxue introduced that the Pakistani house was built for 10 years. The owner of the brick tea factory also served as the Consul General of the Russian Consulate in Hankou.

The members of the delegation walked into the Pakistani house in the repair. Photo by Lu Shiwen, Changjiang Net

Tu Wenxue focused on the discussion that his younger brother "minibus" was an engineer and invented the tea -making steam engine. Russian businessmen used machine tea to make modern industrial enterprises produced in Wuhan. It can be said that it is the starting point of Wuhan's modern industry Essence

According to the "Economic Historical Materials before the Revolution of Wuhan (before the Revolution of 1911)": "Hankou cigarette puma is linked, that is, Russian merchants also use machine tea houses." Russian merchants will be exported to all kinds of brick tea such as green bricks, rice bricks, and bricks suppressed by Hankou. The export trade of brick tea is becoming more and more prosperous, and it has jumped in the country. Hankou has become the birthplace of the modern brick tea industry in China and the capital of the world's brick tea.

The Dazhimen Railway Station can be activated and utilized on the basis of priority protection and repair

After visiting the house of Ba Gong, the members came to Dazhimen Railway Station. The railway station is a French architectural style. It was opened and opened in 1903. It is the earliest large -scale railway station in China.

The visiting group came to Dazhimen Railway Station. Changjiang.com reporter Wang Hai Photo

Dr. Han Zhong, a member of the visiting delegation and the teacher of the School of Resources and Environment of Hubei University, introduced that the Dazhimen Railway Station is an important transportation hub for Wanli Tea Ceremony to distribute the section in the later period of Wanli Tea Ceremony. , Major changes in efficiency.

Wang Xiwen, a member of the small visiting group from Wuhan, suggested in the exchange that Dazhimen Railway Station should also protect and repair, develop and utilize it like Ba Gong's house.

Tu Wenxue, dean of Jianghan University Wuhan Research Institute, explained the story of Dazhimen Railway Station. Changjiang.com reporter Wang Hai Photo

Han Zhong said that the protection and repair of Bagong's house is worthy of reference. The Dazhimen Railway Station can activate and use on the basis of priority protection and repair. For example, the theme of the train museum or railway transportation museum is fully demonstrated to the history of railway development since modern times. In the desolate land, the historical scene of the Wuhan city space and economic and social life brought by the Dazhimen Railway Station, the historical scene of the tea transportation trade, etc., can use digital technology to create a variety of display and experience methods.

【Edit: Zongxia】

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