The Yangtze River Bai Yan, stayed in the memory ...

The earth lost Bai Yan.

On the evening of July 21, according to the red list updated by the World Nature Protection Alliance (IUCN), 26 existing catfish worldwide facing extinction threats. The list shows that the penetrated species of the Yangtze River have been extinct, the Yangtze River is extinct, and the naked abdomen is extinct. The red list also improved the protection level of 7 other catfish.

This means that one of the ancient fishes, one of the old -generation Bai Yanpai, who has been survived by the middle generation, has been in memory for about 150 million years on the earth.

Extinction is a heavy word. No one knows how the last white puppet on the earth lived a lonely life.

In 2003, scientists last rescued a Yangtze River Baiji. After release, Bai Yan twisted his tail and took a small water flower, and did not enter the vast Yangtze River.

At that time, no one could think of this that this may be the last time people discovered the Yangtze River Baiji.

After the news of Bai Yan's extinction came out, people were feeling that "the first heard is forever."

The only member of the IUCN catfish expert group in China and chief scientist at the Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences said, "The extinction of the white sturgeon and the extinction of the Yangtze River 鲟 i i 警 警 警 警 警 警 警 警 i i i i i i i i i i i i i."

Bai Yan has lived on the earth for 150 million years

Once with dinosaurs as neighbors

2 to 3 meters long, weight 200 to 300 kg

Bai Yan is a unique species of the Yangtze River. It is known as the "King of Freshwater Fish in China". It is one of the very few ancient fish that was survived by Bai Yanpan, which was 150 million years ago, and was a national first -class protection of wild animals.

The Yangtze River Baiji body is 2 to 3 meters long and weighs 200 to 300 kilograms. It mainly lives in the dry tributary of the Yangtze River below Yibin, Sichuan. It is fierce, healthy, staple fish, also eat shrimp, crabs, etc. The longest body is 7 meters.

Bai Yan appeared on a stamp issued by China Post.

"Jack of daizi, thousands of pounds"

There is a proverb in Sichuan, "Jacks of daei, thousands of pounds." "Sako" refers to Chinese 鲟, "Elephant" refers to the Yangtze River Baiji. It is said that it can grow to tens of thousands of pounds.

However, there is no evidence that Bai Yan grows to 10,000 catties. Bing Zhi, the main founder of modern Chinese biology and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, recorded in the 1950s that some people had captured a 7.5 -meter -long and 908 kg of white cricket in Nanjing.

It was recorded with the Dinosaur as the Book of Songs

This huge ancient fish was adjacent to dinosaurs. In the long years of 150 million years, Bai Yanji survived in the extinction of dinosaurs; In the legend, even the sacrifice ceremony of the Zhou Dynasty mentioned it.

More than two thousand years ago, the Book of Songs described the Book of White River: "... There are 鳣, 鲔, 鲦鲿 鰋 两. To enjoy the sacrifice, to be blessed." It is used to sacrifice the ancestors in order to extend forever. The "Book of Rites" describes Zhou Tianzi's spring to sacrifice Zong Temple in the Spring Temple.

Visitors visited the Baiji specimen in the Beijing Natural Museum. Picture source: China News Agency

"The individual of white 非常 is large, it is very difficult to feed"

The elf in the Yangtze River water was in danger. For the first time, I saw that the Yangtze River Baiji was in 1984, and it was a died white magpie under Gezhouba.

"The individual of white 非常 is very large and it is very difficult to feed." From 1984 to 1993, he rescued 4 trapped Bai Yan, who successfully rescued and returned to the Yangtze River.

In 1989, Bai Yan was listed as a national first -level protection wildlife. In 1996, it was listed as "extremely critical" by the World Nature Conservation Alliance (IUCN). In 2009, it was determined to be "extremely crisis (may extinction)" in 2009. Essence

On the evening of July 21, 2022, the World Nature Conservation Alliance released the global endangered species red directory update report, announcing the extinction.

Human factors are

The main reasons for the extinction of Bai Yan

"The most threatened group in the world"

Affected by human activities, the number of catfish has dropped rapidly and endangered is "the most threatened group in the world". The results of the global catfish evaluation of the World Nature Protection Alliance show that about 2/3 of the catfish population is extremely endangered.

According to reports, the main threats facing catfish face the world include: fishing brought about by illegal trade by wild caviar and fish, dams to migrate, unsustainable sand and gravel mixing destroy the spawning field, and the loss of habitat.

Human factors are the main reasons for the extinction of white 绝

Baiya is a large fierce fish. Rather and juveniles use fish as a staple food. It also eats a small amount of shrimp and crab animals. It can be said that it is the top species of the food chain in the Yangtze River. So why does it extinct?

Zhang Zhiying, a second -level investigator and senior engineer of the Sichuan Provincial Aquatic Real Estate Bureau, said in an interview with the media that "the main effect is the impact of human factors."

The last time in 2003

See the Yangtze River Bai Yan

According to the China Youth Daily, the last time human beings saw the Yangtze River Baiji in January 2003.

A 3 -meter -long white 误 was caught by mistake

A 3 -meter -long Baiya hit a large net from a fisherman in Nanxi County, Yibin, Sichuan, dragged the boat straight into Jiangxin's rapids, and almost overturned the fishing boat. Fishermen are reported to relevant departments when they are about to be.

When the arrest was arrested, the white pupae had a 8 cm long wound, but due to the turbulent water flow and inconvenient to rescue, he could only use a machine boat to transfer the white cricket to the water slowly, waiting for the experts to come. In order to ensure that Bai Yan had live water breathing, the fishermen watered the white cricket with a basin of a basin in a basin. On the night of the day, the Bai Yan in the cage began to "turn his belly", and he was still instructing the phone on the phone. He must help Bai Yan to correct his body in order to ensure its normal breathing. After listening to the six fishermen present, they jumped into the cold river of the lunar moon and helped the white pupa all night until its fish gills were recovered normally and they ate again.

In January 2003, Dangerous participated in the rescue of the Yangtze River Baiji.

This is a female white ravioli, with hundreds of thousands of fish eggs in the body

After arriving at the crisis, it was found that this was a 3.35 -meter -long, 150 kg weighing, 25 -year -old female white ravioli, and there were hundreds of thousands of fish eggs in their bodies. He and the ambulance team immediately decided to suture the wound and label it to discharge it as soon as possible to carry out tracking.

In order to better track Bai Yan, they also coordinated with the local water conservancy department to stop the sand digging vessels along the way.

Earlier, in December 2002, the risk of having a white cricket in Nanjing, but after 29 days of artificial breeding, the white magpie hit into the pipeline of the pool and died unexpectedly. This time, he didn't dare to take risks.

Plan to track Bai Yan to find its touring spawning field

According to the plan, through the tracking of this white 鲟, researchers can find its spawning field, discover more white crickets, and then through artificial reproduction to achieve species continuity. The extremely endangered Chinese crickets were reproduced in this way, and became creatures that could be seen in some large aquariums.

Dangerous recalled that when she returned to the Yangtze River, Bai Yan looked very excited and immediately began to flow upstream. This means that its physical condition recovers well. Later, it once swimmed back and forth on both sides of the river, around the people on the tracked boat into seasickness, and suddenly swimming up again, "as if there is spirituality, knowing someone tracks itself."

It was a boring but happy time. Most of the people on the boat can not see where Bai Yan is, but the sons on its body will regularly return the signal. The monitoring equipment on the boat makes a regular sound of "beep", which makes people reassuring -it means that Bai Yan is within hundreds of meters.

Tracking the boat to touch the reef Baiya signal disappear

On the fourth day of tracking, in the early morning of January 30, 2003, Bai Yan suddenly accelerated the current and entered the main road of the Yangtze River. On the day of the river, the fog was very large, and the tracker tracked accidentally. The next day was New Year's Eve, the store was closed, and the propeller was bought in two days. After repairing the boat, the signal of Bai Yan could not be found.

In the previous tracking, there were also situations that were lost and lost, so people thought they could still be found at the time. However, in the next few months, the crisis and colleagues searched repeatedly on the Yangtze River and found nothing.

Since then, there have been no reliable records of human beings.

Artificial breeding white 殖

The longest only live for 29 days

Artificial breeding white ravioli has only lived for 29 days

According to the "Bulletin of the Ecological and Environmental Monitoring of the Three Gorges Engineering of the Yangtze River" issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, it has not been found that Bai Yan live body has been found for 16 consecutive years since 2003.

"There are currently no cases of long -term feeding, and there is no retention of artificial breeding." Dangerous said that the longest survival period he had supported was 29 days, which was the tail of the tail of the Nanjing River section in 2002.

Why can't Bai Yan achieve artificial reproduction?

Why can't Bai Yan achieve artificial reproduction? Dangerous explanation: First, the traffic conditions were inconvenient at that time. After receiving the information of the fishermen's misunderstanding, they arrived at the scene. The requirements are high and need enough oxygen supply.

"When we have the ability to understand and help it, it hasn't appeared again." Dangerous said regretfully.

Bai Yan in 1993

Or functional extinction

Bai Yan may have functional extinction in 1993

In mid -September 2019, Shanghai. Focusing on the endangered assessment of more than a dozen Eurasia species such as the Yangtze River Baiji, the World Nature Conservation Alliance (IUCN) expert group held a three -day meeting to critical. Earlier, IUCN and foreign experts have thought that the white magpies should be announced several times.

But this time, the danger was undergoing the evaluation results of Bai Yan's extinction. In the case of years of monitoring, in the past two years, he and the team have begun to study the current status of Baiji according to the IUCN evaluation model. For functional extinction, that is, natural population cannot be reproduced.

The conclusion of the extinction of Bai Yan is mainly based on on -site surveys and the theoretical derivation of Bai Yan's misunderstanding records. From 2017 to 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs supported the special work of the "Yangtze River Basin Resources and Environment Survey", and set up 65 survey stations in the entire river basin. More than 20 units participated. Discover Bai Yan. Theoretical derivation is mainly based on the collection of more than 80 literature and materials collected from more than 80 documents. From 1981 to 2003, a total of 210 tail -tailed white crickets were caught records, which could be pushed out of the possibility of extinction.

How to define the extinction of a species?

How does IUCN define the extinction of a species? "In layman's terms, if a species has no natural reproduction and the time limit of the life of this species, no individual can be found during the period, and the species can be determined." In the Golden Shajiang area upstream of the Yangtze River, Bai Yan reproduced naturally after 1991. Before 1993, Bai Yan was caught by mistakes every two or two years, but it has not been discovered for a long time. The extinction of the Yangtze River Baiji

What are the warnings?

The recovery of rare and unique species is very difficult

After hearing the news of the extinction of the Yangtze River Baiji, many netizens thought of the Chinese 鲟, which is also an endangered species: "Will the future of Chinese magpies be the same as that of white 鲟?"

According to the "China Capricorn Rescue Action Plan (2015-2030)" previously released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the current situation of the status quo of China ’s pupae is" decreased, the number of swimming groups continues to decrease, and the natural population has declined. "

Artificial reproduction and release have always been one of the important measures for the protection of Chinese species. According to the Science and Technology Daily, as of last year, many institutions including the China Institute, including the China Institute, have distributed more than 7 million tails in China.

However, the researchers said that the recovery of rare and unique species is very difficult. They are still running against time, trying to alleviate the adverse effects of wild resources attenuation on the reproduction of the Chinese species.

On May 22, 2019, the reconstruction activity of the Yangtze River in the Yangtze River in Yibin, Sichuan. Picture source: wwf World Nature Foundation

"Yangtze River Protection" has become the consensus of China

The sharp decrease and disappearance of the number of flagship species of the Yangtze River Basin sounded the alarm for us.

In January 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued a notice on the scope and time of the key waters of the Yangtze River Basin on the official website, announcing that from 00:00 on January 1, 2020, the Yangtze River 10 -year fishing plan was implemented.

Starting on March 1, 2021, the Yangtze River Protection Law of the People's Republic of China was implemented.

Dangerous Wei said: "The Yangtze River 表示 and Chinese 鲟 should not have only one future. Their artificial reproduction has broken through, and a number of artificial groups have been established, but the recovery of natural population is far away. Fortunately , 'Ten Years Ban Fishing' and the Yangtze River Protection Law have been implemented one after another. "

The Yangtze River Baiji has left, helping the Yangtze River "relegation" as soon as possible, better guarding the Chinese 鲟 of the Jianghai Tao, and creating a better river and sea ecosystem for endangered species, so that more "forever" comes. Maybe perhaps maybe It is the best farewell to the Yangtze River Baiji.

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