"Cultural Poverty Alleviation" in the Central Soviet Area

"Cultural Poverty Alleviation" in the Central Soviet Area

The economic production of the Central Soviet Area is backward, the level of mass culture is low, and the negative publicity of the Kuomintang reactionaries is very difficult to carry out revolutionary struggles in such a humanistic environment. In order to understand the level of people's ideology and culture, Mao Zedong conducted a series of investigations to better mobilize the masses to participate in the revolution. On the basis of the survey, Mao Zedong proposed various targeted policies to effectively "cultural poverty alleviation" on the backward Soviet area.

Why pay attention to the "cultural poverty alleviation" in the Soviet Area

In November 1931, after the establishment of the temporary central government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, the Central Committee established the Ministry of Education. However, at the time of the war, the content and method of education were carried out around the revolution, because the revolution was the central task of the Central Soviet Area. Mao Zedong said: "For the victory of the revolution, for the consolidation and development of the Soviet regime, to mobilize all the forces of the people, join the great revolutionary struggle, and to create a new offspring of the revolution, Soviet must implement the reform of cultural and educational reforms to terminate the reform of cultural and education and relieve it. The reactionary ruling class adds to the spiritual spirit of the workers and peasants. "

On this basis, Mao Zedong proposed the general policy of Soviet culture and education and the central task of cultural construction: "Where is the general policy of Soviet culture and education? It is to educate the workers of the majority in the spirit of communism. Serving the revolutionary war and class struggle lies in linked education with labor. What is the central task of Soviet culture construction? It is all compulsory education, a widely developed social education, a hard work to eliminate illiterate, and the creation of a large number of leadership struggles Senior cadres. "

Everyone was launched

Mao Zedong particularly emphasized to mobilize all the masses to join the revolutionary struggle, and particularly emphasized to eliminate the poor roots and cultivate new forces. In Mao Zedong's investigation report, we found that almost all the people were soldiers, and everyone was in an extremely vast "network". For example, in the "Survey of Xingguo", the rural areas have been conducted in the countryside, including the Red Guards formed by men and women aged 23-50. After the vacancies. A Chiwei Brigade is equipped with a youth pioneer team, which is compiled by young people aged 16-23 and requires the team members to literate, because to understand the passage, anyone must pass the Pass through Village B village B through village A. A place with a young pioneer also forms a labor boy group at the same time, consisting of children aged 8-15.

Here we see that except for the elderly who cannot work, they have been mobilized from children to middle -aged people. Children must be literate to be a glorious member, which promotes them to learn cultural knowledge from the side. Due to the formed reserve with vertical gradient in the Soviet area, the power of the Red Army was continuously enriched and enhanced, and the cultural level of poor children was continuously improved.

In order to promote the effective method of poverty alleviation, Mao Zedong used Nagang Township as a learning model for the Soviet Area. Nagang Township has organized a large number of mass groups, such as expanding the Red Army Commission, Land Committee, and Shanlin Committee. In addition to the township level, these committees also have villages. This means that the entire Nagang Township is full of various "committees". In addition to being responsible for their respective work, each committee's important role is that it can effectively launch the people at the bottom people to complete various tasks in a short time. An old Red Army recalled: "At that time, it was engaged in production during the day and had activities every night. It was often expanding the meeting. Everyone felt very busy. Because everyone had organizations and no idle people, basically everyone was launched. Woke up."

Cultural poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results

At that time, the form of education in the Soviet Area was flexible and diverse. To the 80 -year -old, the younger children are actively studying cultural knowledge, and cultural poverty alleviation has achieved good results. Mao Zedong pointed out by the survey, "Those who were not literate in the past were now recognizing 40 or fifty characters, and a few can know 70 or 80." Xu Teli, then the Minister of Education of the Central Government, also pointed out: "When the retracement from Xingguo, illiterate has been reduced to more than 20%of all population." In addition, the increase in the circulation of newspapers and periodicals in the Soviet Area is also a key indicator for measuring the improvement of the cultural level of the masses. In 1934, there were 34 types of newspapers and periodicals in the Soviet Area, of which, the circulation of "Red China" increased from 3,000 copies to 40,000, and 28,000 "Youth Truth" was released. Wait.

On the other hand, from the Kuomintang's negative report, it can also reflect the effectiveness of the Communist Party of China in the Soviet Union's cultural poverty alleviation work. In March 1930, four cadres in southern Gannan were arrested by the enemy. For a long time in the Ji'an court, the four workers and peasants were fluent in words, and the Kuomintang judges were speechless. "National Daily" reported that the Communist Party is abominable, and the methods of educating the masses can be learned. Farmers who are not literate can also speak a lot. It can be seen that the Communist Party of China has carried out a thorough cultural ideas for the people of the Soviet Union, and this cannot be attributed to the powerful appeal, mobilization capabilities, and various educational measures that the Communist Party. (Excerpt from "Party History Wenyuan" No. 1, 2019)

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