Zhong Yongning: Before Matteo Ricci, how did Luo Mingjian pave the way for Chinese and Western cultural exchanges?丨 丨 东西 东西

Luo Mingjian's story to this day

It is still enlightened to the exchanges of Chinese and Western exchanges

not

Author: Cheng Jingwei

Number of full text: 2737

Estimated reading time: 9 minutes

At the beginning of China and the West, foreign missionaries wanted to enter China and were considered "more difficult than landing the moon." However, the Italian missionary Luo Mingjian succeeded. He was earlier than Matteo Ricci, which was well known to the Chinese, and became the first Western missionary to live in mainland China.

History researcher of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the editor -in -chief of Guangdong People's Publishing House Zhong Yongning recently published a monograph "The disappeared pavers -Luo Mingjian and the first Chinese and Western knowledge". In an exclusive interview with China News Agency's "East and West Questions", he said that it was due to the endowment, willpower and personality charm of Luo Mingjian, but more importantly, Luo Mingjian sincerely recognized, respect and love Chinese culture so that he can make him able Long -term residence in mainland China has paved the way for Chinese and Western cultural exchanges and contributed many "firsts".

Abstracts are currently recorded as follows:

China News Agency reporter: Who is Luo Mingjian? How can he break through many difficulties in the process of entering China?

Zhong Yongning: Michele Ruggieri, born in Italy in 1543, entered Zhaoqing, Guangdong in September 1583, and officially lived in Mainland China, becoming the earliest Catholic Jesus who entered the mainland of China. At that time, in addition to allowing the tribute to the envoy of the tribute and Macau Portuguese merchants to enter the mainland of China, they did not allow foreigners to live in the Mainland for a long time. In the four years after Luo Mingjian came to Macau in 1579, he was summoned as a Portuguese or local officials. Realize its desire to live for a long time.

"Disappearing Powder -Luo Mingjian and the First China and West". China News Agency issued a picture of the interviewees

When he entered Zhaoqing for the second time, Chen Rui, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, who had a good opinion of Luo Mingjian, was implicated by Zhang Juzheng, and Luo Mingjian did not wish.

Guo Guo, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, was applied to the official letter of Chen Rui to build a house for foreign priests to build a house, so that the missionary entered Zhaoqing for investigation. Come from far away, hoping to build a house in a pure land and be a Chinese people. After repeated requests by the missionaries, Wang Yan agreed to their request after obtaining the acquiescence of Guo.

Reporter of China News Agency: During the late Ming Dynasty, before Luo Mingjian, many western missionaries failed to enter China. Why did Luo Mingjian take the lead in success?

Zhong Yongning: In the middle of the 16th century, as the Portuguese came to the east, in Macau, the Western world was anxious to enter China. The earliest Jesus who arrived at the Chinese mainland border was Shabie. In August 1552, 10 years later, he arrived at Shangchuan Island, Taishan, China. He wanted to enter Guangzhou through Guangzhou merchants and did not succeed. In December of that year The island died of illness. According to the study of French sinologists Xie and Kai, about 50 priests tried to enter China since then, but they all failed.

Luo Mingjian's long -term settlement in the Mainland is mainly due to various factors. First of all, he has an extraordinary language talent. After going to Macau, he eliminated various difficulties and learned Chinese officials. He had the ability to communicate with other missionaries at that time. Secondly, he has extraordinary willpower, to endure all kinds of difficulties that ordinary missionaries are unbearable, and repeatedly defeat. Third, he is gentle, kind and kind, has personality charm, and officials and scholars are happy with him. Fourth, he has no cultural prejudice, and has sincere feelings for Chinese and Chinese culture. When treating people, he can combine the moral self -discipline of western religion with the moral festivals admired by Chinese scholars, so it can be generally accepted by officials and scholars at the time.

China News Agency reporter: From Luo Mingjian to Matteo Ricci, what is the purpose of Western missionaries to enter China? What are the differences and differences between the two?

Zhong Yongning: Luo Mingjian came to Macau in July 1579, and Matteo Ricci was July 1582, about three years later. From India to Macau, Luo Mingjian played an important role. He wrote to his boss many times and recommended the fellow and his fellow. When Luo Mingjian entered Zhaoqing for the second time to meet the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, he said that he also had a "brother" who had just come to Macau. In fact, he was talking about a broader brother. Chen Rui thought it was a real brother. Essence In September 1583, Luo Mingjian took the "Brother" Ricci to settle in Zhaoqing.

The "East East and West Confucianism" in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. Photo by Huang Yaohui, a reporter from China News Agency

During Zhaoqing, there was no essential difference between Luo Mingjian and Matteo Ricci in the mission strategy. They were all practitioners of the cultural adaptability strategy of the Eastern missionary of the Jesuit at that time. In particular, it is not limited to Guangdong, and it must be expanded to foreign provinces and missionary from top to bottom.

There are some differences between the two of them. As a cultural adaptation, Luo Mingjian still adheres to the principle of the original doctrine of Catholicism, and Matteo Ricci is more practical and transformed. In the attempt to send the Pope's envoys and persuaded the Chinese emperor to allow Matteo Valley to be more rational than Luo Mingjian in Chinese mission.

Reporter of China News Agency: What achievements did Luo Mingjian achieve in cultural exchanges between China and the West? Why is his reputation not as good as the subsequent Matteo?

Zhong Yongning: As one of the founders and founders of the Chinese and Western cultural exchanges at that time, after Luo Mingjian entered the Mainland China, he interacted with the enlightened people among Chinese scholars, overcomes the prejudice and gap between the nation and culture, introduced European culture to China, and at the same time put the European culture to China, and at the same time, he took the European culture to China. At the same time, he took the European culture to China. The introduction of Chinese culture to Europe, creating a number of "first" of the history of Chinese and Western cultural exchanges: established the first school in China to learn Chinese during the late Ming Dynasty, and wrote the first Han dictionary "Portuguese and Han Dictionary". For the first time, the Classic of Confucian Mongolian classic "The Three -character Classic" was translated into Western languages ​​(Latin), and wrote the first Chinese book "God's Records" in the Westerners, and painted the first Chinese atlas in the West in the West. , Latin translation of Confucian classic "Four Books" ... For hundreds of years, Luo Mingjian's image has been drowned in the shadow of Matteo Ricci. The reason is complicated, including the following aspects: First, Luo Mingjian returned to the back After the European organizations, Jesus never asked him to return to China again. Matteo Ricci followed Luo Ming's adaptive path to use its own social relations network to go from South China to Beijing, and climbed the first peak of western mission and Chinese and Western cultural exchanges. Second, Luo Mingjian's writing and exit of China, Chinese classics translated to the West, and an atlas edited by the West, and failed to publish publicly because of human obstruction. Third, after the Matteo Ricci, a large number of missionaries came to the east. Most of them worshiped Matteo Ricci. Later researchers and the general public affected by them also set their respects to the great success. Matteo.

Luo Mingjian's internal illustration of the "Chinese Facial atlas". China News Agency issued a picture of the interviewees

Reporter of China News Agency: What is the inspiration of Luo Mingjian's story of Chinese and Western cultural exchanges with Chinese and Western exchanges today?

Zhong Yongning: First of all, to carry out cultural exchanges, we must respect cultural differences and treat the culture of other countries equally. On the question of how to enter China and naturalized Chinese people, at that time, the Catholicism was formed within the internal and missionary missionary of the Catholicism. Crossing all heresy; the peaceful missionary faction respects the ancient and splendid oriental civilization, and regards Chinese civilization as a civilization that is completely equal to Western civilization. Luo Mingjian is the representative of the latter.

Secondly, understand the culture of the other party in -depth. Otherwise, the understanding of the gain will be on the surface. The difference between Luo Mingjian and many missionaries at that time was that he learned Chinese text, read a lot of Chinese classics, understood Chinese etiquette, and chanted poetry and close contact with scholars.

Third, strengthen the concept and characteristics of the national culture. Although Luo Mingjian held his own "Tianzhu Monk", his bones were still faithful to his religious principles. In his "God's Records", he did not compromise his religious beliefs, and Later, the Matteo Ricci's "Culminated" still hugged the pipa half -cover. Luo Mingjian's stubbornness and true rate were respected by officials and scholars at the time.

Fourth, pay attention to the cultural classics of both sides. This is the foundation for cultural exchanges. Luo Mingjian translated the "Three Characters" and the Confucian classic "Four Books" into Western languages ​​(Spanish, Latin), and in Chinese writing "The Record of God", which is the basic work of cultural exchanges.

Fifth, we should pay attention to learning science culture and absorbing the spirit of science. At that time, the Ming Dynasty officials and the public were curious about Western utensils, including architecture, self -bells, and triangular prisms, while the mechanical devices and principles behind the self -bells were still to be further explored.

As one of the founders of the Western "Sinology of Missionary", Luo Mingjian's story is still enlightened to the exchanges of Chinese and Western exchanges. He is still worth learning from many practices in promoting the mutual learning of Chinese and Western civilizations.

Introduction to the interviewee:

Zhong Yongning, graduated from the Department of History at Sun Yat -sen University, mainly repaired the socio -economic history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, edited and reviewed. He was the editor -in -chief of Huacheng Publishing House and the editor -in -chief of Guangdong People's Publishing House. Combining "Watching China -Twenty -six Lectures of Chinese Traditional Culture Concepts", published "The Inst Theory of the Ming Dynasty", "Excellent Contribution of Yijing to the" Silk Road "of Boxing Maritime", "First Exploration of the Jiangnan Jihuang Cangs of the Ming Dynasty", "Jiangnan Jihuang Cang", " In the eighteenth century Xiangmi Export and the Grain Regulation Policy of the Qing government "," Eighteenth Century Hunan Food Output and Provincial Supply and Demand Effect "," In the Early Qing Dynasty Hunan Changping Warehouse and Xiangmi Export "and other academic papers, and obtained many times The National Publication Award is awarded as an outstanding publishing figure in Guangdong Publishing and an outstanding publishing of the Guangdong Publishing Government Award. In April 2022, his book "Disappearing Powder -Luo Mingjian and the First China West" was published by the Chinese Book Company.

Text Editing: An Yingzhao

Image editor: Zhang Xinglong

- END -