breakthrough!The mystery of the Electronic Science and Technology Research Team cracked Mu Panba effect

Recently, Professor Zhang Yagang, the School of Materials and Energy of the University of Electronic Science and Technology, published a research paper entitled "Direct Observation of the MPEMBA EFFECT with WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITH WITHWATER -Probe The Mysterious Heat Transfer". COM/Doi/Full/10.1002/INF2.12352), for the first time through experimental research in the water system, found the condition of the MPEMBA effect directly observed in the water system, cracking the mystery of the MPEMBA effect. Master's graduate students Tang Zhiqiang and Huang Weidong are the first authors of the dissertation, and Professor Zhang Yagang is the author of the dissertation. The University of Electronic Science and Technology is the first unit and the unique communication unit.

The results of this research have solved the problem that has disguised more than 50 years in the general world of physics and chemical chemistry. It perfectly and clearly ended the confusion and controversy of the MPEMBA effect, and further promoted people's understanding and energy storage and transmission of energy. In the future textbooks, people will no longer use the MPEMBA effect as a mysterious and unspeakable phenomenon, and the experimental work of Professor Zhang Yagang's team on the MPEMBA effect will also become a classic popular science experiment in the field of physics and chemistry. It is of great significance with reasoning.

There are many important issues in natural sciences, such as Gothic Bachs, Marson's conjecture, Hodg to conjecture, Ponkarley conjecture, Riemann assumptions, Nawei Sto Keke equations, etc. There is such a mysterious phenomenon, the physical and chemical teachers of middle school told the students, and it is also the classic problem in "100,000 why" (http://weishenme.in/wenti-516.html). Endless, controversy and doubts are also continuous (http://bbs.tianya.cn/post-666-44786-1.shtml). This phenomenon is the MPEMBA effect.

In 1963, in a middle school in Tanzania, a junior high school student named Manda accidentally discovered that the hot milk in the refrigerator was condensed (freezing) than cold milk. It stands to reason that the lower the water temperature, the more frozen the water first, and the milk contains a lot of water. It should be that cold milk is better than hot milk first. Occasionally, it is found that he is confused. By high school. Mepa asked a few physics teachers, and none of them got the answer. A teacher felt that the problem he raised was strange and almost ridiculous, so he said in a taunting tone: What you said is called Manda phenomenon! But the persistent Manda did not think that his problem was ridiculous. He seized the opportunity of Dr. Osborne, the director of the Department of Physics, the University of Darls Salam, and asked his questions to visit their school. Dr. Osborne did not sneer at his questions. After returning to the laboratory, he performed a hot and cold milk experiment in accordance with Manta's statement, and as a result, he observed the strange phenomenon of subversive common sense described by Manta. In 1969, Manda and Dr. Osbon jointly wrote a paper on this phenomenon. Since then, the strange phenomenon of this subversive common sense has been named MPEMBA effect. The Mepa effect refers to the phenomenon of freezing liquid with a slightly lower temperature than the slightly lower temperature liquid in the same volume, the same quality and the same cooling environment.

This picture comes from the Internet

The Mepa effect is also known as the "world problem" in the popular science world. Some people do experiments in their own refrigerators. Curious students spend experiments throughout the summer vacation in the middle school laboratory. On July 6, 2005, CCTV10 CCTV10 "Close Science" has been specifically reported, but the MPEMBA effect does not exist.

The classmates are confused, who is right? A search online, even more surprising, most of them are still a mystery! This has also triggered a fierce discussion: scientific classics or rumors? Is it exploring the truth or interpretation of truth? Do you insist on truth or doubt the truth?

To this end, Xiong Chao, a graduate student of the School of Physics, School of Physics at the School of Physics of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, wrote in the conclusion and outlook of graduation thesis: "In short, this phenomenon is endless, and there is no such phenomenon. Great physicists come to end the debate ... "," I think we can propose to the Chinese Academy of Sciences to do this experiment in this area, at least in our school to end this confusing issue debate. "

In middle school, Zhang Yagang's scientific enlightenment teacher, Teacher Shi Zhong, who taught junior high school chemistry, and Dai Jiahong, who taught high school chemistry, mentioned this phenomenon many times. Exploring and being brave in the teachings and expectations of this mysterious phenomenon in the future, deeply imprinted in his mind.

In the past few decades, the mysterious phenomenon around Manta's effect, international academic and popular science circles have continued. An article "Top Ten Century Sciences in the Twenty Century", which even mentioned that Manda Phenomenon is only the product of April Fool's Day, and was cited by some articles.

In 2012, the Royal Chemistry Society specially held a challenge to understand the phenomenon of Shimpanba. More than 22,000 people participated. Finally, ERASTO MPEMBA himself announced that Nikola Bregovivic was the winner. Bregovi 了 proposes two reasons for the phenomenon of Manta: (1) The cold sample is too cold instead of freezing (2) The enhancement in the warmer sample is accelerated to the thermal gradient on the circulation to keep the container wall. Although many researchers have proposed some theoretical models to try to explain their mechanisms, because their narratives are more general and involved a large number of complex mathematical models, these model theories are not understood and accepted by the public. It is surprisingly surprising that in the simple system of water, systematic experiments are extremely rare, which deepen the public's puzzlement and argument about this issue.

In 2016, Professor Paul F. Linden of the Department of Applied Mathematics and theoretical Physics of Cambridge and Professor Henry C. Burridge of the Imperial Institute of Technology Published on Scientific Reports . 6, 37665; Doi: 10.1038/SREP37665 (2016).), Questioned and clearly pointed out that according to their experimental results, the MPEMBA effect did not exist. This paper is brave and lonely, because this is the only scientific research paper that has not existed in the MPEMBA effect in international academic journals.

In 2020, Professor Kumar and Bechhoefer of Canada Simon Fraser University and Bechhoefer published a research papers entitled: "Index -level fast cooling in the colloid system", which built a complex analog gel system to put glass beads of different temperatures of different temperatures of glass beads of different temperatures. In the water, use laser irradiation on the glass bead to track the movement of the glass beads in the water, and based on the calculation and deduction of the colloid system model, the MPEMBA effect can happen. Panba effect. (Exponentially Faster Cooling in a Colloidal System. Nature, 2020, 584 (7819): 64-68).

The existing theoretical model is difficult and obscure. It is difficult for professional science and technology workers to understand. In addition to the theoretical model, can it be answered with a simple and intuitive system and system experimental data? Driven by strong curiosity and the sense of mission of scientific researchers, in early 2020, Zhang Yagang's team was determined to solve the problem that troubled the science of physics for more than 50 years.

The study lasted for more than a year. From the initial adoption of ordinary thermometers, cameras, manual reading data, drawing curves, and designing a complete set of experimental equipment. With the persistence and exploration of the team, from a large number of experimental data, the cocoon peeling cocoons, from one by one, one by one The influencing factors are considered, and finally given the conditions for observing the MPEMBA effect in the simple system of water, and an explanation.

Professor Zhang Yagang, who led the team to solve the mystery of the MPEMBA effect, said: "Very happy, the team of Electronic University of Science and Technology, the graduate students of the Electronic University of Science and Technology, and worked together. In popular science readings, because of our discovery of our electricity, people no longer regard the MPEMBA effect as a mysterious and irreplaceable phenomenon. "

In addition, Professor Zhang Yagang also developed a complete set of experimental equipment to study the MPEMBA effect and applied for the Chinese invention patent. "I hope to use the experimental equipment we develop and develop, so that primary and secondary school students who are curious about science can also cultivate scientific thinking, speculative reasoning and scientific spirit through a classic popular science experiment in the field of physics and chemistry."

Character introduction: Zhang Yagang, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Materials and Energy of Electronic Science and Technology, Ph.D. at the University of South Carolina in the United States, PhD from the University of Illinois Ernar-Champagne, returned to China in May 2013, was selected as national youth talents, and was elected as Chinese chemistry in 2019. Director of the Association, was elected as the British Royal Chemical Society in 2020. Sichuan Province Tianfu Emei Planning Science and Technology Innovation Leaders, Sichuan Green Development Expert Library Experts, Experts of Special Expert Committee of the Sichuan Overseas Chinese Federation, experts in the development of intellectual property planning in Chengdu, and expert group from the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology of Science and Technology. Cultivated 15 graduates and masters of graduation, and won 1 first prize of provincial and ministerial scientific and technological progress and 3 second prizes. Two of them were the first to complete, and 1 first prize of outstanding new products at the provincial and ministerial level. He published more than 100 papers at domestic and foreign academic journals and academic conferences, published 3 chapters of Chinese and English monographs, 14 invention patents were authorized (first inventor), and the cumulative sales revenue of products participating in research and development was hundreds of millions of yuan.

Source: Materials College

Edit: He Qiao

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