The significance of the foundation of Guzshan Rock painting and the inspiration of the Huangdi culture

The significance of the foundation of Guzhan Rock painting

Revelation brought by Huangdi culture

Li Xueqin

I am honored to have such an opportunity today, so that I can learn and ask everyone here. As everyone knows, our Huangdi Cultural International Forum is now the third. The past two sessions have won grand honors and have become a grand ceremony for people at home and abroad. The Yellow Emperor Cultural International Forum will have a brand new look.

This new face is an important aspect of an archeological major discovery, that is, the discovery of the Gutz Mountain Rock painting that everyone already knows, this discovery is very significant. I personally do not have a deep experience in this area, especially I have not had the opportunity to visit Guzshan, but I hope to be able to go to the field soon. According to my personal knowledge, I want to ask for the significance of this discovery, and what kind of revelation of the Huangdi culture, and some of my ideas to ask you. Inappropriate or wrong, please criticize.

The discovery and confirmation of Guzshan Rock painting is a significant discovery, because it brings us new revelation to the following three issues.

The first question is that this discovery is related to the sprouts and origin of ancient civilization in China, which will bring us new inspiration. How our civilization has entered a civilized state from ancient and no civilized state. This discovery will bring us some new views.

The second problem is that this discovery brought new discoveries in the Central Plains region, which is in the special status of Chinese civilization. The Central Plains region has been the cradle of Chinese civilization since ancient times. What is the role of this region in the origin of Chinese civilization? What is the place? This issue will bring us new clues.

The third problem is Xinzheng, who is located in the center of the Central Plains region, and has brought us a new view of the historical archeological research in this area. The discovery we could not imagine in the past, what kind of positions for our region and the entire Central Plains region, this discovery also brought us some new light and clues.

Rock paintings are important in archeological discovery, and the door category that has not received our full attention in the past. Rock paintings are very common in China, and the number is quite large, and it has not received sufficient attention for a long time. Although it was recorded in ancient books, it was quite early. Earlier, I talked about the "Jiguzhai Zhong Dingyi Wells" edited by the famous scholar of the Qing Dynasty. This book is mainly about the bronze inscription, but there is a content in the book called the red cliff stone carvings, the red cliff stone carvings are rock paintings. It still exists, in Anshun County, Guizhou Province. At that time, although Chinese scholars saw the amazing rock paintings, they could not recognize the nature of rock paintings, thinking that this was the masterpiece of the Shangwang Wuding Ghost. It was not only the rock paintings of pre -historical periods, but also very important rock paintings, but they did not get enough attention at the time. For a long time, our Chinese rock paintings are not valued, and even in the world think that China does not have rock paintings.

In the early 1980s, an expert in the Research Committee of the UNESCO Research Committee wrote an article in foreign publications to introduce the distribution of rock paintings around the world. He also drew a picture -where he found the rock painting, adding a point on the map. Among them, in the Asian part, you can see that there are a lot of rock paintings around China. The Soviet Union, Mongolia and other places in the north, India, Pakistan and other places surrounding China in the south. of. This incident caused the dissatisfaction of Chinese scholars. A well -known rock painting expert Mr. Chen Zhaofu wrote a letter to the United Nations Commission at the time, saying that we not only had rock paintings in China, but also found hundreds of rock painting sites. Mr. Chen Zhaofu's letter was valued by international scholars. Later, Mr. Chen cooperated with them. He not only inspected the ruins of rock paintings around the world, but also accompanied foreign experts to China to inspect Chinese rock paintings.

Mr. Chen plays a very important role in the research of rock painting. He wrote several books in the 1980s and 1990s. There are "History of Chinese Rock Paintings" and "History of Foreign Rock Painting Discovery". In "The History of Chinese Rock Paintings", there is a preface written by the famous experts of the United Nations rock paintings. It also specifically mentioned that in the past, foreigners have always believed that China has no rock paintings. It was not until Chen Zhaochen proposed to protest that China did have very rich and very important rock paintings.

Let's see the directory of "The History of Chinese Rock painting" written by Mr. Chen Zhaofu. At that time, Mr. Chen divided Chinese rock paintings into six regions: the first is the Northeast, Inner Mongolia region; the second Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai region; the third Xinjiang area; Fourth Tibetan area; Fifth Southwest; the sixth southeast coastal areas include Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. There is no Central Plains, especially Henan. This shows that in a long time, everyone thought that there was no rock painting in the Central Plains, and rock paintings were produced in the surrounding ethnic minorities. Later, I went through some reports to see a little bit in individual areas, but I never thought that in the core area of ​​the Central Plains, the Xinzheng Puzhan area, there was such a dense, ancient, and rich rock painting, which was completely imagined.

Thousands of rock paintings found in China in the past cannot be compared with the discovery of Gutz Mountain Rock painting, it is completely different. Because we found such rock paintings in the core area of ​​the Central Plains, which attracted special attention from academic circles. It is not that we found 1,000 species in the past. This is just 1001 kinds. This area has not had such dense rock paintings in the past, so this discovery is a major discovery. A discovery in archeology can change our understanding of a period of history or a region, a nation's history and culture, this is a truly great discovery. The discovery of Guzshan Rock painting does change our understanding of history, and future research will continue to change this understanding.

Guzhan Rock paintings are not only within the area of ​​Gutz Mountain but also extended to Xinzheng. There are such rich rock paintings in the entire mountain, which proves that we have underestimated our ancestors and ancestors' wisdom and ability in the past. In the past, we always thought that thousands of years ago, even our ancestors were similar to monkeys. In fact, this is not the case. Our human civilization has a long development process. The ancestors of our Chinese nation are very smart and very capable. We cannot underestimate the wisdom and ability of our ancestors.

Guzshan Rock paintings are said to be eight thousand years ago. At that time, our ancestors had been separated from nature and the animal world, and gradually moved towards civilization. Progress has begun and has begun. This is the result of human evolution. It is the state of human beings gradually get rid of nature and animals, and it is opposed to it and uses nature. In this case, this rock painting has its special significance.

Rock paintings are not only in China. It is a concrete manifestation of wisdom and ability in the whole human development process. These are the animals. Animals cannot be reflected, and artistic creation cannot be done. Human beings have this ability and can express it. All kinds of rock paintings were created under the conditions at the time. From the archeological discovery of the world, it can be traced back to tens of thousands of years.

In the history of art, you can see rock paintings such as yaks painted in some caves in France and Spain, animals with large arrows, etc. The cave is completely dark. Without light, it is painted with minerals that looks very artistic today. What a great creation! Similar rock paintings may also be discovered in China in the future. Take Gezshan, for example, the patterns of the dot matrix and the chessboard grid made people doubt whether this is played and chess? How did the wood and stone tools be done at the time? This is the wisdom we can't imagine and amazing. I often say that we cannot underestimate our ancestors, and our individual abilities may not be as good as the ancestors today.

Please allow me to tell you a metaphor here. In the past, when I was in the UK, I often had the opportunity to cross the British Strait. At that time, I did not have a car like the "European Star" at that time. When I cross the sea, I must buy newspapers, and the storms of the day are published on the newspaper. If the waves are big, everyone is afraid, so it will not be. The ship is a thermal cushion invented by the British. It is very large, and there are even cafes. This is such a modern equipment. We modern people are sitting in it. As long as we dare not go to the deck, we feel unbearable. But three or four thousand years ago, humans spent a canoeing through this strait at that time. This strait has not changed geological, so humans dared to cross this strait three thousand years ago, but we did not have this courage. So when we see such a great rock painting creation, we should have a respect for our ancestors. Huang Di is the symbol of our ancestors, and we should have a sense of respect for him. At that time, in the case of material conditions, how could Huangdi have such a big venue at that time? How can there be such lighting? If he wants to issue a order, I am afraid that he will only be in the wilderness. However, we can't do what he can do. Therefore, I don't think I want to say this about the wisdom, ability and his sense of art in his ancestors.

What is the relationship between rock painting with civilization? We think it is very related. Why is it related? What do we say is civilization? How is it called civilization? I think everyone knows that although these two words are in ancient China, these two words are actually translated with modern nouns. These two words are completely different in English. As long as human beings can make a difference and use tools, there is a culture when there are some artificial things. For example, Beijingers and Yuanmounans will create some tools, and even Beijingers can use fire. This is cultural, but not civilization.

What is civilization? Especially in archeology, we judge whether a cultural relics belong to civilization? What kind of civilization belongs to? Is there civilization at the time? There are four major judgment standards and four factors that are popular now:

The first is to have cities. From the international popular standards, cities should be able to accommodate 5,000 people, and such cities are civilization. The second is text. There is a text that is civilized. Without text, it can only be said to be primitive and brutal. The third is a large -scale etiquette building. This building is etiquette, not for the general needs of life. In Egypt, when you see the pyramid, you know it must be civilization. Why? It was just a grave of the Egyptian Pharaoh at that time. How big was a person? It is enough to save a big tomb of a single bed underground. Why do you make such a large pyramid? It is etiquette, representing the existence of the society, using tens of thousands of manpower, and how long it takes to build this pyramid, so this is a civilized society. When we arrived in Anyang, we saw that there were four large tombs in Anyang's No. 1001 tomb, and there were eight directions in the middle tomb, and they had guardians. Why do you want to bury a person? Because it was the king of the Shang Dynasty. Complex etiquette buildings are also a sign. These three marks are the standards of ancient civilization in international archeology. These three standards gradually spread to China in the 1970s. Chinese archeologists and Japanese archaeologists also believe that these three standards are not enough, and one of them requires metal tools. Now general archaeologists use these four standards. Where do these four standards come from? The first three standards were popular internationally in the 1960s. At that time, a conference discussed in the ancient two river basins at the University of Chicago in the United States. One scholar was Clarkhon, and his papers proposed these three standards. Later, Daniel, a University of Cambridge University in the UK, wrote a book called "The Original Civilization". The subtitle was archeology of the origin of civilization. This book is very academic and very popular. It is well written. In the English world, it can be said that all people in archeology and ancient history must be read, but we have not translated in China. He believes that the three standards do not necessarily have three standards, and there are two standards for civilization. I said that these three standards and four standards are mainly obtained from foreign archaeological practice. They did not fully consider our actual situation in China. We have such a large country and such a long history. It is the only country in the world that can be continuously passed down. So how does our civilization develop? Can't we have our own standards? This requires more discussions in the academic community.

Even in accordance with the standards of archeologists in the United States and Britain, in accordance with the standards of quite authoritative archeologists like Clark Hong and Daniel, some archaeological culture in China meets the standards of civilization. But today we still dare not say that, such as Liangzhu culture, dare not say that it is civilization, and it is the dawn of civilization. Is the dawn not be a civilization? Others say that Liangzhu Culture is neither inside nor outside the threshold of civilization. This is ambiguous. But according to Daniel's statement, it must be calculated. How can there be such a large ancient city of Liangzhu? Such a large ancient city, producing so many jade articles, so many big tombs, complex etiquette buildings such as altars, and many portraits on pottery and jade. Civilization? Can we not have a civilization earlier than foreign countries?

Our academic circles in China should have more discussions. The most important item in civilization should be text. You must know that the most cutting -edge science in the world is not information science but cognitive science. It is a science that studies our own brains and cognition of the world. This science has developed very quickly in the world, and has swept the global trend in the past 20 years. From a cognitive perspective, we can see that text is the biggest invention in human history.

Everyone can imagine that if there is no text, any of our thoughts and creations, it is impossible to accumulate and spread at all in space and time, and it will soon be lost, so that there is no civilization existence, so the text is the most fundamental of civilization. A foundation. In a certain sense, rock paintings are related to the origin of text. Nowadays, the world recognizes that the origin of text must be evolved from the field of non -text, from some pottery, stone and rock painting. From the perspective of ancient Egyptian text, from the perspective of ancient Egypt, it was not in the Egyptian Delta region, but in the Egyptian Delta, and south of the Aston dam, there were many very early pottery symbols. To explain to you, the descriptions of portrayal that may be designed in ancient times, there are not many places that appear around the world, one of which is our Pei Ligang culture. Everyone knows that Pei Ligang is in Xinzheng. Some people recommend establishing a Pei Li Gang Cultural Museum. Because Pei Li Gang culture is not only the origin of our agriculture, but also provides us with symbols -the symbols on the dancing tortoise shells and stone tools. I especially want to remind everyone that this symbol is the earliest in the world because it appeared in more than 6,000 BC and it has been more than 8000 years.

This is not my personal opinion. We once worked with foreign scholars with the University of Science and Technology of China, and wrote a special papers together in the British "Ancient". This is the oldest that can be compared with it. Only the Tao Zhi symbols excavated in Misasia. It is necessary to specifically propose that in some stone tools and turtle shells, its shape is very similar to ours on some points. For example, like the word "Japan" today, he just drew a square, and this symbol encountered in Gutz Mountain. Some are turning lines, which are characterized by less pictographs. Now we have a misunderstanding that the text must be from the pictograph, which is very common. However, this view has gradually been weakened in China and internationally, because archeological proof is not like this. Everyone may remember the exploration of the origin of Chinese characters. There are many pottery of Yangshao culture in Banpo in Xi'an, which have portrayal symbols. These portrayal symbols are some lines. The Banpo Archaeological Excavation Report published in 1960 said that this may have something to do with text. Later, there were two gentlemen who really thought that this was the text. Mr. Li Xiaoding, a scholar in Taiwan, was one of them. In 1969, he wrote a paper in Singapore, which clearly said that the Yangshao symbol was text. The other was Mr. Guo Moruo. In 1972, he published an article "The Dialectical Development of Chinese Ancient Chinese Characters" in the Journal of Archeology, which advocated that the semi -symbol was text, and specifically pointed out that Chinese text did not originate from pictographs, but the origin of the origin, but origin Yu refers to the lines of the line. Later, some people opposed that Mr. Yang Jianfang, like Hong Kong, said that China also had referred to and also pictographs, but pointed out that the origin of the text was not simply from graphic pixels, which fully in line with the international understanding of the origin of text in recent years. Everyone knows that the text originated from the picture. This is the doctrine of foreign countries. China does not say that. Chinese "Talking Words" connects the origin of the text to Fuxi to paint, and it does not start with the pictograph of the picture. Starting from the picture, this theory has risen from Europe, especially in the 1950s, the professor of the University of Chicago, Gorbo, wrote a book "What is the text" (also known as "Introduction to Text"). It represents the origin of the picture.

The origin of the picture said that in recent years, it has been denied by female scholars who have specially studied text. She has done a 20 -year study and specializes in the origin of wedge -shaped text. It is entirely from archeology. It proves that the text is not originally from the origin of the picture, but from the origin of some lines, so she breaks the picture. In fact, Boss's book was published in 1992, far later than Li Xiaoding and Guo Moruo. Of course, this is the doctrine of text and archeology. It requires us to study, not necessarily correct.

But in any case, we can see our rock paintings of Katzhan and the portrait of more than 6,000 BC of Pei Li Gang culture, which has a significant relationship with the origin of our Chinese civilization. The cultural span of Guzshan is so long, it cannot be made in a short time. Thousands of places, each one is so difficult, how is it possible? Our respected Professor Zhou Kun, through his research, demonstrated the rock paintings covered by the loess layer, there will be more research in the future. These studies will definitely make us see. At least like text, it is the specific performance of our ancestors' wisdom and ability.

Huang Di was the beginning of "The Book of the Five Emperor" in the "Historical Records" held by Sima. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" is led by "Benji", "Benji" is led by "Five Emperor Benji", and "Five Emperor's Benji" is led by Yan and Huang. Why is it led by Yan and Huang? Sima Qian's knowledge is very rich, such as the previous clan of the Emperor Yan in "Zhuangzi", and Sima Qian knew of course. But why did he start with Huangdi? In fact, it is clear to read the "Five Emperor's Benji". Whether in Xinzheng or Shaanxi, you can see that Huang Di is called "the first ancestor of humanities", because the most fundamental feature of Huangdi in ancient history and legends is his civilization. In the world of Huang Dize, he was called Xuanyuan. The words Xuanyuan had a direct relationship with the car. We said that many factors of ancient Chinese civilization, and even the origin of many factors in the system later traced back to Huangdi from the legend. Huangdi represents the period of germination of Chinese civilization, so he called him "the first ancestor of humanities." Humanities are civilization, so Huangdi represents the crystallization of the wisdom and ability of our ancestors.

There is a problem here. Today we are talking about Huangdi culture here. What do we think of Huangdi? In the past, there was a period of time that legends such as Yan and Huang were all myths, and they did not need to be considered as history. Some scholars had such claims. They believe that the history of the Xia Dynasty could not be studied, and the legend in the literature was not worth considering. Some people even said that Xia Dai did not exist. Now there are scholars in foreign countries that Xia Dai is a myth and legend. Some people even said that Xia Dai was compiled in the history of the Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty cannot deny that because of Oracle, the records of Oracle are undeniable. Some people even disagree with the early days of Shang Dynasty, and they simply calculated from Oracle, saying that Oracle was just a legend before.

I have recommended two books published by two scholars in 1943. A scholar is Mr. Xu Xusheng. He is a well -known archeologist at the Peiping Research Institute. Later, he was in the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences until he died. In that year, he published a book entitled "The Legend of Chinese Ancient History", and later wrote a paper with Mr. Su Bingqi. This book illustrates the historical background of ancient Chinese history. At the same time, in the Yan'an Liberation Zone, there is also a well -known archaeologist Mr. Yin Da, Henan. He also published a book in that year called "The New Stone Age of China", which specially discussed the importance of the legend in this book. In 1943, the books published by the two emphasized the significance of ancient history legends. Therefore, the study of our Yellow Emperor Culture is developing on the basis of inheriting scholars inheritance. After 841 BC, there is a recognized age. This is the beginning of the "Twelve Princes" in the "Historical Records". It is already a historical period, because we can study a lot of literature. In the past, when the republic went to the late Shang Dynasty, we also had some literature, especially oracle bones and golden texts, which can be combined to study. Going forward, in the early days of the Xia Dynasty, we did not find things like Oracle, but the literature still has some outlines. Going forward is the period of the five emperors. It was a period when the ancient history and legends were mixed. We must analyze the color of the myth. This is not only our China, and the whole world is the same. Many people have read the Homer Epic, and the Troy War described in the epic does exist. In the past, many people in Europe thought it was completely mythical, and there was no such thing. There is a well -known archeologist Henry Schryman in Germany. At that time, he was still a child. He heard adults talk about "Homer Epic". He thought these might be true. Why is it not true? At that time, many people laughed at him and said that your children were not sensible and do not understand science. These are myths and fake. He didn't believe it, so he made up his mind, saying that when I grew up, I was going to discover Troy. At first he had no money, and later became a businessman to become a famous entrepreneur and a millionaire. At this time he stopped corporate activities and started archeological excavations. During this period, he learned 20 languages. In which country he traveled in Europe, he wrote in which text he used to use. He learned ancient Greek, married the Greeks as his wife, and then discovered Troy. This is the famous Troy excavation in the history of world archeology. This story is worthy of our reference.

Today we have to rely on archeological discoveries to better understand the history of our ancestors. The discovery of Guzshan Rock painting is an opportunity for our ancient culture. I am very happy to see the title of this forum "Faith Innovation and Revival". I believe that everyone here will be full of confidence and continue to innovate, so that the culture of our motherland will be more revitalized!

I am also convinced that through the discovery of Kazshan Rock painting and more and richer discovery in the future, more and more Chinese and foreign people will come to Xinzheng and Katzshan. Because this place is the center and birthplace of Chinese civilization and Huangdi culture, this will definitely bring new progress and prosperity to Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, and Henan.

I have a lot of wrong places, please correct me. Thanks!

Source: Xinzheng Posted

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