With this "windmill", China's offshore wind power may rise against the trend!| Fan Tianhui

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The wind can not only scrape the money,

It can also scrape valuable renewable energy,

Scrape valuable clean energy.

Fan Tianhui · Deputy Director of the Department of Ship and Marine Engineering of South China University of Technology

Gezhi Dao Dao · Bay Area No. 17 | May 28, 2022 Guangzhou

Hello everyone, I am Fan Tianhui, from South China University of Technology. I am honored to come to the Taoist Taoist forum and share my scientific research stories with you: "Wind Power on the Sea, Clean Energy Scraped by the Wind".

My home is in the northeast, and there is a saying in our venue called: No one's money comes from the wind. When I was a kid, I believed this sentence very much, and I felt that this sentence was simply the truth, and there was no problem.

It wasn't until when I grew up, I entered the sea wind power industry, and I found that sometimes I needed to break through the cognition: the wind can not only scrape money, but also scrape valuable clean energy.

Today I am here to share with you, the fate of my sea wind power.

Seed of a sea wind power

In 2005, I entered the Department of Engineering Mechanics of Dalian University of Technology to start undergraduate studies.

Civil Building Aerospace Marine Engineering

Engineering mechanics is the foundation of many engineering. Therefore, some of my classmates later entered the civil engineering industry, some engaged in the aerospace industry, and of course some engaged in the marine engineering industry.

In 2008, I was sent to the team of Academician Oujin Ping and began to engage in the research and development of the far -reaching sea oil and gas platform. For most people, the coast may be the end of land, but for our marine engineers, the coast is just the beginning of the world.

In 2009, I came to Hainan for the first time and saw the South China Sea for the first time. During this journey, I not only saw the marine oil and gas platform, but also saw a lot of windmills standing in the mountains. The wind on the beach and these large windmills aroused my interest, making me curious about the wind power industry.

After investigation, I found that the development of land wind power at that time was very rapid, and the offshore wind power had officially put on the agenda, but the real offshore wind power has not yet been successfully constructed.

Through comparative land wind power and sea wind power, we believe that compared with the on -site wind power, sea wind power has some natural advantages.

For example, the wind on the sea is greater, and everyone has this intuitive impression; and the sea surface is relatively flat and the quality of the wind is better. Affected by the architecture, terrain, and mountains, the wind on the land will become smaller, and the quality of the wind will deteriorate, and it is not easy to use it for power generation.

And everyone knows that land resources are very scarce and precious, but the area of ​​sea is relatively scarce, and its area is still very broad.

Due to the above reasons, most of the on -site wind power is concentrated in the northwest and central regions, and it is very far from these large provinces and consumer centers along the southeast coast.

If you want to send the power transportation of the central and western regions to the southeast coast, you need to transport and transmit it through long distances, which will generate a lot of power consumption. Therefore, I judged at the time that the wind power industry would enter the ocean in the future.

Back to school, life must continue, and scientific research has to work hard, so the offshore wind power has been thrown behind me.

It wasn't until 2014 that I got married to Hainan's honeymoon and swimming in the old land. I remembered the wind power at sea again. The seeds that had been buried in my heart began to take root.

During this journey, I found that there were more and more windmills on the land, and there were windmills at sea. This made me very surprised and surprised.

I went to find relevant information and found that in 2010, the East China Sea Bridge Wind Power Project was officially put into operation and operation, achieving zero breakthroughs in China's offshore fixed wind power projects. In the scope of the world, Europe has taken the lead in building the world's first floating wind power demonstrator.

At that time, my mood was very excited and emotional. What is excited is that I originally thought that the wind power must go to the ocean, and it has been realized. What I was lamented was that the industry I was working at the time was far -reaching oil and gas engineering. The development of oil and gas engineering is from land to the ocean, from offshore to deep sea; and the development of sea wind power is amazingly similar to it, from land to the ocean, from offshore to deep sea. The resources of the offshore are limited; theoretically, the resources in the far sea areas are almost infinite, and its prospects are very broad.

At the same time, the wind and quality are better in the farces of the sea. We can use a larger capacity of wind turbine for power generation. In addition, there is no problem of close -to -sea visual shielding, and the restrictions on noise are also smaller.

Obviously, the wind power of wind power and the farce of the sea, obviously the development potential of the wind power in the farce of the sea is greater. In the future, China's sea wind power will definitely move towards the deep ocean.

"Deep Sea Floating Wind Power" and "Diamond Cover"

Completed: 30%///////////

So, after the farce of the sea, can we still use the original fixed way to develop wind energy resources? the answer is negative.

You can see through the above figure: As the water depth increases, the construction cost of fixed formula (two types on the left) will suddenly rise, rising very quickly, and it will increase (red and blue curve).

The floating equipment type (three types on the right) will not occur: it is not sensitive to the depth of water. As the depth increases, the cost is a slow, linear change process (green curve).

Therefore, we believe that after the water depth exceeds 50 meters, the floating type must be the main form of development of wind energy resources. This is why the floating wind power must rise. We think it is the only way for China's offshore wind power to go far.

In 2016, I graduated from a PhD. I am determined to invest in the sea wind power industry.

So, I resolutely went south, came to Guangzhou, came to South China University of Technology, and came to the city next to the South China Sea to transfer all the scientific research energy, scientific research foundation and the direction of scientific research to the direction of floating wind power at sea.

After 2016 and 2017 efforts, in 2018, we have approved a very important project -a full -coupled dynamic analysis of the sea floating wind power platform and its device research and development. The core task and goal of this project is to develop China's first floating maritime wind power system equipment and apply demonstration.

The task and goal have been determined, and we will roll up our sleeves and work. To do a good job of floating development, it is necessary to clarify what essential differences between fixed and floating types.

The fixed type is like a civil engineering standing on both feet. It is deeply pierced into the bottom of the sea, only by the role of wind and waves. It is more like our common land buildings. In the process of resisting wind and waves, it relies on the deformation of the structure. It is equivalent to cultivating the Golden Bell Cover and Iron Clogs: Ren Er East and Southwest Wind, and I am still motionless.

Of course, the wind and waves have caused a lot of pressure: even if you can make a golden bell, iron cloth shirt, fist hit your body, it also hurts. This is why the cost of fixed wind power will rise so fast with the increase of water depth.

The floating type is another form of structure: it supports the weight of the windmill and floating body itself by a floating floating body, and then connects to the sea with several large ropes in the figure.

The floating -type overall system is very flexible: the waves come over, and the floating body shakes; when the wind blows, the spring is moved under the traction of several large ropes. The role of wind and wave power. It is equivalent to cultivating Tai Chi Kung Fu, which pays attention to unloading power.

Although the wind came, I was pushed away and was taken away, but my body did not hurt. This is why the floating type is not obvious with the depth of the water.

The secret of the "Turner" in the water

Completed: 50%///////////

Knowing the mechanism and requirements, we will start some design work now.

First of all, we want to design the big floating body below. Everyone saw it just now. Floating offshore wind power is a typical "head heavy and light", which looks easy to fall. And it has always floated on the water. We must ensure that it has enough displacement and provide sufficient buoyancy, so as to support the overall windmill and itself on the water.

Large buoyancy has room for adjustment and allows themselves to have the ability to resist shake. How to design its resistance to shake? We must try to let go of the center of gravity as much as possible, move the floating heart up, and create a "tumbler" in the water. The larger the size of the "big pillars" in the water, the deeper the depth of drowning in the water, the longer the distance between them, and the stronger its ability to resist shaking.

Is that the better the ability to resist shake, the better the performance? Of course it is negative. If its ability to resist shaking is too strong, it will have a resonance with wave power, which will cause severe exercise and cause structural damage.

Therefore, we must make it have better resistance to shake, and we must not be strong enough to resonate with wave power. After the team's hard work and struggle, we finally fixed the shape of the floating foundation, just like the picture shown in the picture.

The "big rope" that needs to be developed in the red circle is designed with the floating body. Below we want to design these big ropes, that is, anchor system. What kind of big ropes need to be used in floating wind power? The answer is "soft and hard".

This big rope restrains our floating body like a spring. If it is too hard, it is equivalent to the effect of no spring unloading power, it is still vulnerable to damage.

Is this big rope softer, is there no problem? No, its horizontal direction may have resonance movement with wave force.

So we have to make it softer. However, it becomes softer and there will also be a problem: the softer the rope, the farther the distance between the platform is blowing out, so that the cable may be destroyed. So the cable is also the key factor to control the rope. We must ensure that the overall rope is soft enough and cannot be destroyed by the cable. This is the standard requirements for designing large ropes.

After knowing the standard requirements, we have to start designing the big rope, and we must first figure out its mechanism.

Although we imagine it as a spring, it is not a real spring, it is a very complicated system. The length, shape, and layout of the rope, including materials, weight, and diameter, have a great impact on the hard and hard of the overall rope.

As can be seen from the picture on the right, the spring is a linear linear line, but the big rope is very complicated and is a curve that has been changing. So how can we complete the design of such a complex system? In fact, from a global perspective, there is currently no professional commercial software that can complete this work.

We need a very experienced engineer to choose a big rope first, then continue to try and error, improve, and finally design a very good rope.

These processes are very confidential. For example, if we want to buy a big rope design from foreign countries, he will give us a good final result. How to adjust the middle and why this choice is so no one tells us.

In order to solve the problem of this card neck, we have developed a software that can automatically find a good big rope design plan for us.

Left: length shape layout method

Right: Material diameter weight

This software can directly output the length, shape, and layout of the rope; and it can determine the material, diameter and weight of the rope. This completes a design that the entire big rope needs.

"Broken Wind" offshore wind power

Completed: 70%///////////

The design has been designed.

Why verify? Because the construction cost of offshore wind power is very high and risks are high. After we design it, we need to be verified in detail before we can start, construct and build.

Wind+waves of dual effects

In the process of doing experiments, we must strictly consider the dual effects of wind and waves. Why?

Because under the influence of waves, the platform will start to shake, driving the windmill above, so that the wind will produce a more complicated change.

The influence of the combined coupling of wind and waves can determine a series of problems such as the safety of the final structure, and determining the efficiency of power generation. Therefore, we must consider the dual effects of wind and waves in the process of model testing.

Laboratory model shrinkage test

What does the model test mean? It is the big guy in the left picture that reduces the proportion of a small small thing that can be put down in the laboratory. Of course, refer to certain principles when shrinking the ruler.

After we are reduced according to the proportion of geometric size, we will find that the wave force is accurately simulated, but the wind is dominated by viscosity. It is necessary to follow the principle of another equivalent, otherwise the wind will cause a change.

If we reduce the proportion of geometry size, the red curve in the figure will form. But in fact, what we finally demand is the black line on the top, and their gap is still very large.

Therefore, we propose a model design method of a new laboratory -scale fan blade. Through this set of methods, we can ensure that the thrust of the leaves can meet the target value in the full wind speed, or at the stage of each wind speed, so that the thrust of the wind is similar. It can be said that this technology is relatively advanced in the current world.

After designing, we have to start experiments. The picture above shows a daily power generation experiment that we do with a model shrinkage experiment.

You can see that the windmill is constantly rotating at this time, and the overall platform's motion state is very stable. This is the motion of our fan platform in the real sea.

This experiment is the state of the overall platform movement when we simulate the typhoon. You can see that the windmill has stopped turning at this time.

Why is this so? Because if the windmill is still rotating, there will be a huge wind push, which will have a huge impact on the generator, the overall structure and the large rope, bringing a structural security problem.

Therefore, under typhoon conditions, we stop rotating and lock the windmill. You can see that at this time the big ropes and the entire floating sports movement will become more intense.

After the model test, we verified that there were no problems with the previously designed floats, big ropes, and whole systems. Then, we have to enter the construction of construction and take a look at the video clips in construction.

First of all, we hang and carry each section of the floating body to form a complete floating body. After the assembly is completed, we must drag it. We must drag the assembled floats to the semi -submarine ship. Then, the boat entered the deeper waters, and the semi -submarine ship sank, allowing the floating body to float on the water. Then drag the floating body to the pier connected to the windmill.

After the floating body reaches the hanging pier, the windmill must be assembled. Immediately, the tower can be lifted, and the tower is lifted, and we must connect the windmill to the tower. After the floating body, tower, and windmill are connected, they are trapped into the position position of our offshore wind power plant.

After arriving at the position, what we need to do is to connect our original large ropes that have been designed, processed, and reigned to the floating body. Installation is the process of connecting the big rope to the floating body.

In the end, in December 2021, the world's first anti -typhoon offshore wind power generation system equipment "Three Gorges Leading" successfully grid -to -network power generation. Single units can reach 5500 degrees per hour, and 30,000 households can be a family. Provide green clean energy.

In the future, the scale of a single floating wind farm at sea may reach 300-500 MW, and the amount of electricity per hour can reach 30,000 to 500,000 degrees. It can provide green clean energy for 1500-3 million households per year.

Guangdong is a large province with electricity, and many of its electricity comes from Western East. If you can build a floating wind farm at sea in a large scale in the future, I think this may largely solve the problem and dilemma of Guangdong's electricity dependence, and also provide some help and support for the motherland's carbon neutralization and achieve dual carbon targets Essence

Looking back on the work of the past few years, with the sincere cooperation and unity of the entire project team, we have completed the development and application demonstration of China's first floating wind power generation system equipment. At the same time, this is also the world's first anti -typhoon unit. It is impossible to become possible.

I hope that everyone is actively engaged in the offshore wind power industry, and they have the courage to turn impossible into possible.

The above is my sharing, thank you for listening!

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