The green monument deep in the mountains

Min Shui, Wuyi Ring Cui. In the fourth -generation seed garden of the state -owned forest farm in Fujian Province, the fir breeding researchers at Nanjing Forestry University were busy grafting fir. This summer is of special significance to them. "The long -term cooperation project of Sugi Breeding in Nanlin and Fujian has completed the third -generation genetic improvement in 2016, and launched the fourth -generation genetic improvement study with the main goal of rapid, high -quality and anti -inverse. It is the first seed garden of the fourth -generation breeding test in my country, and the first fourth -generation seed garden in the world. "Said Si Jusen, a fir -breeding expert at Nanjing Forestry University.

Fulling is the world's longest history of artificial cultivation history and the widest artificial cultivation area of ​​coniferous forest tree species, which has always played an important role in my country's economic and social development. The results of the ninth forest resource inspection of the country in 2019 show that the area of ​​fir forest and the accumulation of Liwu ranked first in the artificial forest tree species in my country. It provides important support for the security and ecological security of the country.

Located in the mountains and unknown state -owned forest farms, the "free -range" fir tree species in northern Fujian and the commonly seen fir tree species, because a scientific research team has been struggling for more than 60 years, has achieved a "green story of the green story that adheres to the original intention and reports the country. ", Stands in the depths of the mountains, standing a green monument.

Chinese people must have their own forest and wood species industry

In the 1950s, a battle to declare war against the wild mountains and "greening the motherland" was in urgent need of a group of comprehensive state -owned experimental demonstration forest farms. In 1955, after survey and selection and comparison of various parties, the Fujian Provincial Forestry Department finally determined that the site of the comprehensive state -owned forestry field in northern Fujian was selected in Daiping Village, Yangkou Town, Shunchang County. Since then, the first generation of Yangkou Forest Farm was holding the original heart of "a red heart and one hand, self -reliant", and started in vain, splitting grass and mountains, and forestry.

The main tree species planted by the forest farm are dominated by fir. Following the extensive afforestation methods that have been "sprinkled and seedlings" have always been "there is a kind of sprinkler, and the seedlings have been planted. The forest farm employees have found that they are full of passionate forests, and some of them grow very slowly. Yinglin practice made them realize that Hao Lin had to rely on good seedlings! Cultivating the fir "good seedlings and good seedlings", breeding the high -quality high -quality high -quality "good forest", becoming their most urgent expectations.

At this time, focusing on the goal of "greening the motherland" in the first five -year plan of the New China, the country quickly acted. Ye Peizhong, a professor of genetic breeding professors in forest and wood. As the founder and founder of my country's forest genetic breeding disciplines, he is also thinking about how the forest breeding serves the great project of the "green motherland", serves the development needs of the grass -roots forestry, and organizes the power of the southern mountainous area of ​​my country. The selection of good species of fir, and the establishment of a research project for the breeding of seed gardens has become the first choice of research on his team.

Seed garden is a special artificial forest for the purpose of producing excellent genetic quality and sowing quality seeds. Europe had a record of creating asexual seed garden as early as the 1980s. In China in the 1950s, there was no seed garden in the real modern sense.

In 1954, during the Fujian forest survey organized by the school, Ye Peizhong unexpectedly discovered that compared with other trees, the fir here has 40%of the speed growth advantage, but the local forestry model has caused low quality of fir forests. Growth slowly. Therefore, he proposed a talent team that cultivates the breeding of forest and wood, using modern genetic theory to generate genetic improvements in the growth amount of fir, establish the Chinese fir and mixed production seed garden, realize the rapid yield of the national fir forest, and support the construction of the country with practical actions to support the construction of the country. Essence

In 1959, Nanjing Forestry College (predecessor of Nanjing Forestry University) opened the first postgraduate class of the first tree genetic breeding in my country, and was taught by Ye Peizhong. This year, 24 -year -old Chen Yuewu was admitted to the graduate class of tree genetic breeding and became Ye Peizhong's assistant. The two teachers and students checked the books, understand the growth of the fir varieties in my country, understand the temperature, humidity, and soil of each fir production area, and strive to fully grasp the theoretical basis of the selection and breeding of fir. Later, they were far -reaching the Shanmu Center production area in Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Fujian and other places to conduct field investigations and research to obtain the first -hand information of the natural mutation laws of fir.

During the survey again and again, the Nanlin people pragmly seemed to be unpredictable for the urgent needs of scientific and technological forests in the ocean forest farm. In 1961, an agreement to carry out long -term scientific research cooperation in fir breeding started a long -lasting school -land scientific research cooperation scroll.

From the cooperation between the two sides in 1966 to build the first generation of the fir -fir non -tract seed garden in China, to the first generation of the fourth -generation improvement in the fourth -fourth fourth -fourth -fourth -generation research seed garden in the Yangtou Forest Farm in China, China Entering the world's leading country to carry out the fourth -generation breeding of forest and wood, it has created a miracle for the development of the forest and wood species development of the forest and wood species in the world of "watching China, Chinese fir watching the ocean".

Only "there are people successively" can "follow the forests"

In the exhibition hall of the "Yanglin Spirit", a prominent position shows a military kettle full of wind and frost, a white canvas tool package, and a neat record book. "". And this "three treasures" is the standard for the scientific examination of Chen Yuewu, a teacher of Nanjing Forestry University. In order to select excellent mother trees from nearly 10,000 wild fir, Chen Yuewu wore a coat and Dou Dou, broke into the inaccessible virgin forest, turned over the mountains, and walked along the mountain road out of the wild animals. For high -quality pollination, he often climbed to a fir tree of one or 20 meters high to collect spikes.

"Although he was thin, he was agile, and he provoked more than 50 kilograms of spikes and walked the mountain road to flatten the ground." After decades, Li Shoumao, an old forest farmer, also faintly remembered Chen Yuewu's parallel liberation shoes, Wearing a thick cloth suit, holding the map in hand, and climbing the trees with bare hands. Li Shoumao still remembers his instructions that year: must pick balls and ears on trees that meet the standards; be sure to mark it.

"Planting crops can not be familiar with it, and the planting trees are improper." The cycle of forestry breeding is very long. Taking a 40 -acre test forest established in Yangkou as an example, Chen Yuewu was used as an example. More than 2,000 trees were selected for the test of more than 2,000 trees. The first -generation fir excellent varieties, the average volume growth of more than 25%has been increased.

It is this pursuit of scientific research and the persistence of loneliness that makes Nanlin and Fujian cooperation with fir breeding and continuously achieved new results. A fir -trees collection area was built in Bailu Ping; the first formal fir -primary non -tract seed garden in China was built; The 1978 National Science Conference Award -Chen Yuewu spent 30 years, eliminating the society's doubts about fir breeding. Solid experimental data not only proves the necessity, effectiveness and feasibility of choosing breeding in fir, but also The development of forest breeding provides an important reference for milestones.

In December 1980, the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Forestry organized more than 80 representatives of management and forestry breeding experts to gather in the forest forest farm to participate in China's first fir breeding results appraisal meeting. The expert group unanimously adopted the results of the results and gave the evaluation of the breeding results of the tree breeding of the South Forest-Fujian cooperation. In 1982, the National Forestry Bureau officially listed 25 good species produced by the first generation of seed gardens cooperated in Fujian in Fujian as a key promotion project. Under the leadership of Chen Yuewu, it was promoted and applied in the 14 provinces and districts cultivated in the southern fir.

In December 1984, Chen Yuewu, who suffered from advanced liver cancer, carried his physical illness and took the team to Fujian to arrange for the spring fir breeding plan in the following year, and went to Guizhou, Hunan and Jiangxi and other places to promote the seedlings of fir, and returned on the eve of New Year's Day.

In the last days of fighting with the teacher, Shi Jisen, who was a student and assistant, was deeply moved by the perseverance of the teacher's beyond ordinary person. "During the lunar month, it may be because it hurts too much, sweat soaked his placket." Every time he mentioned the teacher, Shi Jisen couldn't help crying. "The teacher grasped my hand tightly and couldn't speak. But I knew that he couldn't let go of the fir breeding career." In January 1985, Chen Yuewu Ying died early. Following his last wishes, relatives and team members put part of his ashes on the hilltop at the door of the forest farm, watching this fir forest forever.

Since then, the unsatisfactory career has fallen into Shi Jisen, 33 years old. At that time, Shi Jisen was dispatched by the school and was ready to go to Britain for further studies, but he finally chose to stay in China to continue to engage in fir breeding.

"In the early days, the country's lack of wood resources and increasing production were urgent. With the development of the national economy, optimizing the quality of wood is the general trend." After taking over the relay stick from Chen Yuewu, Shi Jisen began to think about the innovation direction of the fir industry. The first generation of genetic improvement breeding has solved the problem of fir production breeding. With the development of social needs, the second -generation breeding of fir must overcome the problem of synchronous improvement of wood production and quality. "

Shi Jisen led the team to stand on the ocean forest farm and continued to explore theoretical and methods of combined genetic improvement of fir growth and wood quality traits. He was almost at home, and he had made a piece with the technicians and employees of Yangkou Forest Farm, and continuously carried out the mining and technological innovation of fir breeding resources. For the longest year, he worked at the forest farm for 11 months, and even his child did not know him. He also had a team of breeding because of leading the team into the mountains. For many days, the radish blooming in the ground was finally rescued.

The scientific research life deep in the mountains is clear and difficult. But for Shi Jisen's team, this lush fir forest seems to have a magic power. Chen Jinhui, Zheng Renhua, Bian Liming and other new generations of fir breeders have the mission of generating forests of genetic breeding and blooming youthful power in the depths of the mountains. Seeing that the disciples grew up one by one, Shi Jisen, who had been rare for the years, was relieved: "Only when there is a steady stream of people, there are people who are successive" can they live endlessly.

Give me a cell, and return you a forest

Traditional good breed breeding technology has played an important role in the development of the forest and wood breeding industry in my country. However, many important materials and precious tree species that are difficult to breed in conventional technologies have finally stayed in the inefficient format of "a seed, breeding a seedlings". Innovative forest and woody species cell engineering breeding technology system and developing modern forest and wood species are another important contribution to the "card neck" problem in the development of the forest and wood breeding industry through scientific and technological innovation. In June 1989, Shi Jisen was invited to study biotechnology at the University of Obourne Cyne Science Research Center in the United States. This training experience made him keenly aware of the rapid development of foreign molecular genetics, or a far -reaching impact on the study of forest breeding. After returning to China, he quickly led the team to systematically analyze the development trend of biotechnology at home and abroad, and tried to find a new method of breeding more efficient forest species from the perspective of molecular genetics.

In the process of consulting a large number of literatures, "the background of plant cells omnidirectional knowledge and international animals '" stem cells' development 'fate' regulatory theory has given us inspiration and inspiration. "Shi Jisen said. According to the theory of ominarianity of the plant's cells, each cell of the plant does not pass through the sexual reproductive stage. Under the conditions of appropriate artificial culture, it can develop into a complete body cell embryo and regenerate into a potential ability of a plant.

The enlightenment of the omnipotence of plant cells and the reversible regulation of body cell development process has excited Shi Jisen and the team. They soberly realized that the development of forest cell engineering technology will be an efficient way to accelerate the breeding of forest and wood breeding and realize industrialized production. On this basis, Shi Jisen innovatively proposed the bold ideas of "giving me a cell and returning you a forest", and first carried out the breeding of cell engineering seedlings with hybrid goose palm crickets.

Kung Fu is not responsible for people. After more than 6,000 days and nights, the team has continuously summarized, improved, and optimized the process of process, and finally made breakthrough progress.

Later, the team continued to overcome important materials such as Shanmu, Horstails, Hybrid, Fujian Bai, Fengxiang, Fujian Mountain Sakura, and Seven Leaf Trees and the occurrence of ornamental tree cell embryos and the efficient regeneration of the plant. More than 20. After many years of improvement and improvement in many enterprises, a mature forest -wood species cell engineering breeding factory production technology system has been formed. Compared with traditional seed breeding, the breeding efficiency has been improved by nearly 100 times.

For more than 60 years of cooperation in Nanlin and Fujian, the research results of the multi -generation genetic improvement and the good breeding technology of cell engineering technology have not only won one first prize of national science and technology progress and 2 national science and technology progress. Two first prizes of science and technology progress, and also directly promoted the development of my country's forestry modern breeding industry, bringing real benefits to enterprises and forest farmers.

Today, at the fir breeding center of the foreign forest farm, more than 3,000 square meters of sterile culture rooms are filled with 60,000 bottles of seedlings, and the vibrant seedlings bring unlimited hope. Under the technical guidance of the forestry genetic breeding team of Nanjing Forestry University, in 2009, Yangkou Forest Farm built the country's largest firmine seedlings R & D and production base. At present Among them, the two non -asexual systems of "Yang 020" and "Yang 061" have been identified by the national forestry breeding, laying the foundation for the promotion and application of the national fir wooden production area.

The heredity of Sugi's genetic improvement scientific research, the ultimate goal is the application of good breed promotion and industrialization, so that more and more forest farmers have become the beneficiaries of good breeds of afforestation, and have taken a path of "green and forest farmers".

43 -year -old Wu Jinhong is a villager in Guixi Village, Renshou Town, Shunchang County. In 2006, more than 50 acres of forest land in the Wu family needed seedlings. It is recommended by people, Wu Jinhong purchased nearly 10,000 fir seedlings from Yangkou Forest Farm. Today, the fir of fir has grown to seventeen or eight meters high, which is seven or eight meters higher than the surrounding fir, and the accumulation volume is nearly 3 cubic meters per acre. According to the current wood market, the Wu family's fir forest can sell for two or three thousand yuan per acre.

For more than 60 years, after the four generations of genetic improvement, Yangkou Forest Farm has provided a total of 49,000 kg of fir species and more than 6 billion fir high -quality seedlings in the society. , Cumulatively promoted the afforestation area of ​​more than 30 million acres, increasing the forest accumulation of about 150 million cubic meters. As of now, the "fruit" of the technology "fruit" formed by the school and local parties has released an economic value of over 100 billion yuan, and the ecological value is inestimable.

"At present, accelerating the rejuvenation of the ethnic seed industry is a major demand for the country, and genetic breeding is still promising." Shi Jisen believes. Today, the academic backbone of the new generation of fir breeding at Nanjing Forestry University is carried out extensive collaborative cooperation with national and provincial and ministerial good breed bases such as the fir breeding and the innovation goals of the seed industry. They will continue to work hard in this "seed garden", so that the green shade will be vibrant.

(Reporter Su Yan, a correspondent Fang Yannao Shen Hui)

【Edit: Fangjialiang】

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