[Art] Sichuan opera master Zhou Yuxiang (Part 1) ‖ Cao Xiangming

Sichuan opera master Zhou Yuxiang

Cao Xiangming

Comrade Zhou Yuxiang, a member of the Communist Party of China, the art consultant of the Sichuan Theater of Sichuan Province, and the Sichuan opera performance artist, died on September 19, 1985 at the age of 75.

Comrade Zhou Yuxiang was born in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Province in 1911. At the age of 8, he was art and specialized in "Ugly". He was particularly good at "robe belt". It is famous inside and outside the province. After liberation, he was the director of the Southwest Sichuan Theater Research Office, the representative of the Chongqing Municipal People's Congress, the CPPCC member, the Deputy Dean of Sichuan Sichuan Theater, the representative of the Provincial People's Congress, the director of the National Drama Association, the director of the Provincial Drama Association, and the member of the Provincial Literary Federation, etc. Society. Comrade Zhou Yuxiang devoted his life to the cause of Sichuan opera, and made great contributions to cultivating the talents of Sichuan opera and inheriting the traditional art of reforming the traditional art.

——In September 26, 1985, Sichuan Daily

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Zhou Yuxiang, formerly known as Zhou Yongxiang, Zihuan Zhang, born in 1911 in the county in Sichuan Province.

Zhou Yongxiang's father was originally the driving length of the "Big Guang Ship" (the big cypress wooden boat that can sail) -the rudder. When he had a large and wide ship, he threw other wives and children all year round. In 1917, Zhou Yongxiang's mother took him and younger brother Zhou Jixiang to find husbands in Chongqing. Live in a relative's home first. After two years, he transferred to the Taipingmen River in Chongqing City and lived in another relative's house.

In 1919, Sichuan opera master Fu Sanqian, Xie Haichao and others initiated the establishment of "Yumin Science Society" in the former Zhongshan Park in Chongqing to teach. Teacher Tian Jishan, who sings the niche in the Ke News Agency, is the small stock of the ministers of the Ke News Agency. He pity the situation of Zhou's mother and son. He made a guarantee for Zhou Yongxiang.

Zhou Yuxiang and student Wang Deyun (Wang Youcong) performed "Yan Ying Say Chu"

Zhou Yuxiang is talented, but also naughty. Zhou Yuxiang, eight or nine years old, often quarreled with the students of Tongke, so he was often awarded the teacher. The "torture" of Kexian is a different piece of width and narrow, with three fingers wide, specializing in the buttocks; there are two fingers wide and one fingers wide. Zhou Yuxiang was beaten the most among his students, and his hands were often beaten with the seal of "Zhu (Zhu) Son".

Zhou Yuxiang is very filial. In the science club, every morning, you have to line up in the early morning, and stand in each row of birth, dan, Jing, and Ugly. Zhou Yuxiang learns ugliness, but when standing in the team, he often loves to stand in the Danjiao team. Of course, he is often pulled out by the teacher: "Your doll is not the material, what do you stand in the horn?" Zhou Yuxiang said, "Danjiao's wages Big, I want to take money for mothers and brothers! "At that time, Mr. Danxing's Mr. Family could receive 13 or four pieces of ocean every day, and the head of the ugly horn was like Fu Sanqian, and he was only five oceans a day. The teenager Zhou Yuxiang saw this. He knew that he was not a material. He wanted to learn the horns. Although his words were naive, his filial piety made people sour.

In the five years of Ke News Agency, although Zhou Yuxiang was beaten a lot, he was very talented because of his intelligence and his talents. Dan Xing's teacher Xie Haichao can write good painting. He is a very ability. He loves to teach Zhou Yuxiang. Many of Zhou Yuxiang's ugly and ugly shows are taught by Teacher Xie. The ugly horn master Sanqian, educating students in the performance without the funny appearance, especially when they oppose the ugly horn and turn their heads, "turtle -back snake waist", learn to walk around, and so on. This is given. The teenager Zhou Yuxiang laid a good foundation in terms of corrected typhoons, shaping characters, and focusing on basic skills. Under the strict requirements of Fu and Xie's two teachers, Zhou Yuxiang not only on the stage, but also on the usual walks, and he spoke cleanly, laying a solid foundation for his later famous.

Zhou Yuxiang has a deep contribution, the singing cavity is round, and the work of work is very "ocean" (loved by the audience) during the science class. His "buy rice play" (depending on the masterpiece of eating). He learned a clown, but in the 1930s, he sang the "suit niche" in "fashion Sichuan drama". Crooked, although he was able to cultivate his teacher's training when he was in the family, he learned and enlightened, but to put a line in "Yan Ying's Say Chu", "it is also due to the luck."

In the 1930s, Sichuan opera can be described as "unified the world". The audience was familiar with traditional Sichuan drama. Not only was they familiar with the stage words, but even the "Massagon" (program) was very clear. Some audiences are often watching the drama, often just to appreciate the torny. Even Zhang Decheng's "Killing the Temple", Fu Sanqian's "Kneeling Gate to Eat the Grass", once listened to Liu Ye's "Wen Er's words, pain thoroughly", after watching Xu Jia's kneeling door, playing with water , Just went straight to the scene. The traditional old drama performed at that time, non -famous characters could not be called.

At this time, Liu Huaixu, a well -known drama writer and educator in the Sichuan opera industry, created the "Fashion Sichuan Opera" script such as "Dumb Woman and Jiao Wife", "Night Mother Poison" and "Broken Summer". These "fashion dramas" that reflect the trend of democracy and advocate the time of the right time are very popular at the time, which can attract the audience more than the traditional old drama.

The new drama must also be performed, and Zhou Yuxiang was able to stand out.

In 1950, Zhou Yuxiang and Zhang Decheng performed "Chai City Festival"

There are many teams that Zhou Yuxiang have set up, and there are many famous students who act together, such as Cao Junchen, Fu Youdong, Zhang Shaohua, etc. are very famous. Unfortunately or older or poorly dressed, or inadequate temperament, it is not ideal to play "suit niche". There are also little students, such as Luo Yude, who is with Zhou Yuxiang, was able to stand in the two places in Chengdu and Chongqing. His appearance, age, and temperament were good. Not like a new drama. The lack of "suit nuns" made the class owner very bad. Occasionally, the team owner saw Zhou Yuxiang stretching, his language was clear, and his temperament was good. Role. It was expected that Zhou Yuxiang performed successfully and became famous in one fell swoop. From then on, it was out of control. In Liu Huaizhu's fashion Sichuan opera performance, Zhou Yuxiang's hard -core suit was thunderous. Each play must be performed. Even when the author Liu Huaixu talked to people's performance of fashion Sichuan dramas after tea, he also sincerely praised: "Zhou Yuxiang is going to perform well." However, Zhou Yuxiang's working prices were still quite low at this time. His master San Qian quietly taught him in private: "You should go to work!"

"A lot of it?"

"It takes ten dollars a day."

"Teacher, you are only five yuan a day, I ..."

"Baby, don't you look at me." Teacher Fu said, "You played a new drama. If you make money, you should find them to work prices, don't be afraid to be higher than me!"

Later, Zhou Yuxiang's working price really added to ten oceans a day, which was doubled than Mr. Fu Sanqian.

Although Zhou Yuxiang's fame is accidental, it has its inevitable factor. Although Zhou Yuxiang had "found" some culture after learning the play, he studied hard and was good at accepting new ideas. He liked to read new books and read newspapers. In addition to the drummer Li Zemin (the father of Wu Sheng Li Kuiguang), he often showed some new books to him. He also bought a newspaper every day. He loved to read the Central Daily and Xinhua Daily. He also bought Cao Yu's drama "Thunderstorm" and some books on world geography, world history. Therefore, he has a lot of contact with new culture, accepting a lot of fresh things, not stubborn, and the trend. This was one of the few Sichuan opera artists at the time. This is of great benefit to his new fashion show.

In addition, Zhou Yuxiang's usual clothes are also very important and particular. Although the suits he usually wear on weekdays, although the materials are not very good, they always extend their extension. Coupled with the rules of walking, he couldn't shake, "flying" (flourishing) in chaos, and seemed elegant, which obviously benefited from Mr. Fu Sangan's strict requirements. In addition, Zhou Yuxiang himself has a moderate figure, good appearance, bright voice, clear language, and innate literacy such as the vocal and dazzling. The fashion show can get rid of the frame of the old drama, which is refreshing, and naturally welcomed by the audience.

In 1950, Zhou Yuxiang and Zhang Decheng performed "Gift Gift"

In short, Liu Huaixu's fashion Sichuan opera and Zhou Yuxiang's suit can be very popular in the 1930s. His successful experience is not a reference for the creation and performance of Sichuan drama today.

Compared with the Sichuan opera actor of the same time, Zhou Yuxiang is more lucky. In the past, the artist sang a scene, or performed or dropped, and it floated to the waves of the sea and the sea of ​​dust, throwing it down. Even if the name is shocking, it is inevitable that the evening scene is desolate. Zhou Yuxiang is not. He has been popular since the "suit niche". That is, Chongqing, the longest performance of Zhou Yuxiang's performance, is concerned, Zhou Yuxiang is mostly heaven. At that time, the "new" horn was often replaced, and sometimes Xiaotongfeng (Yang Youhe), sometimes butterflies (Hu Shufang), but Ugly always stood up by Zhou Yuxiang.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Yuxiang's artistic career was even more "winding and full."

In October 1952, the Ministry of Culture held the first national opera watch performance. Zhou Yuxiang performed the "Hu Yan" and other dramas to the conference with the Sichuan opera delegation and won the second prize of the actor.

In 1953, Zhou Yuxiang joined the Communist Party of China gloriously, becoming one of the earliest members of the Sichuan opera actor.

After 1954, Zhou Yuxiang's artistic creation gradually transitioned from the actor to the director, and later served as the director's work. Many influential dramas staged in the Southwest Sichuan Theater, Sichuan Sichuan Theater, and Chongqing Sichuan Theater were derived from him. Such as "Hehe Xianghe", "Peacock Bold", "Biography of Fifth", "Fifteen Grand", "Salvation of Zhao", "Red Plum", "Radish Garden", "Folding Gui Ax", "Ting Qi Ting", "Longquan Cave", "Longquan Cave", " Sister Jiang, "Jialing Furious Tao", etc., most of them are still reserved plays at the Sichuan Theater of Sichuan Province. Due to the heavy work, there are too few books on the directors he stayed, but his articles such as "The Book of the Red Plum" and "Director's " In -depth research and beneficial exploration of the theme thoughts of refining the theme of the drama, the essence of the traditional drama, the elimination of feudalism, and the form of artistic expression.

In July 1959, the Chinese Sichuan Opera Troupe went to Poland, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, and the Democratic Republic of Germany to conduct a 142 -day interview with Eastern Europe. The three dramas and "Chu Xiangji", "Tanji" and "Tanji" performed " The folding scenes such as the middle edge of the cabinet, "Shooting Carving", are all directed by Zhou Yuxiang. Sichuan opera performances caused a sensation in Berlin and shocked Western Europe. Director of Zhou Yuxiang and participating in the drama "The Blast of the Blind)" The Biography of the Blind ", the Biography of Fuman is very popular. The Deutsche" Latest News "praised Zhou Yuxiang, who played a blind artist as a" many aspects of talent ". "Scolding"

During the "Cultural Revolution", Zhou Yuxiang was beaten as "black line figures" and "reactionary authority". He had been beaten and sat "jet". He was ordered to sweep the slag, wash the toilet, punish the brick wall and pull the car. But Zhou Yuxiang firmly believed in the path he was taking. He said, "That's wrong, I know." During the criticism, he also missed the cause of Sichuan opera. He once said sighed: "It is impossible for me to guide the big show in the future, and the guidance point is okay!" Who knew that this was "revealed", and he had a fight, saying that he "thief heart heart heart Never die. "

Zhou Yuxiang's wishes were quickly realized after all. After crushing the "Gang of Four", Zhou Yuxiang was transferred from Chongqing to Chengdu, derived the modern little drama "Xiangyang Road", and performed on the same stage with Chen Shuyu and Liu Youquan. Later, he dedicated the drama "Spring Cao Chuangtang" and was appointed as the vice president of Sichuan Theater in Sichuan Province until he died of illness in L985.

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As a master of Sichuan opera, Zhou Yuxiang was first an actor, a performing artist. He has been performing in the performers of the Ugly Horn of Sichuan. In addition to the ugly scenes such as "Xiguan Du", "Living Sabiro" and "Hu Yan" and "Huazi Scolding" and "Qiu Wang Join the Poor", such as the ugly scenes, especially the routing ribbon. With deep skills, round arias, stubborn speaking, and subtle performances, he created the talented Qi Xiangye Yan ("Yan Ying Say Chu"), the prostitute Song Kang Wang ("Chunling Terrace "), The jealous villain Susu (" Gift Geakers "), the eunuch Mao Yanshou (" Benfan "), who was banned from the Palace of Palace (" Benfan "), the Shu General of the Subject to Gong (" Jiangyouguan "), the incest of the incest The emperor's stomach Yang Guang ("Asking for the Sicks"), "Devival and Greedy Cup", and a series of historical figures such as Pang Tong ("Laiyang Ren"), which is a hundred cases, pushed Sichuan opera ugly corner performance art to a peak Essence

Performing in 1951 "Cooking"

Among the many Sichuan opera names of Sichuan opera as Zhou Yuxiang, Zhou Yuxiang can be unique and unique, about the following points:

The first is singing. The word "opera", "song" accounts for half. People used to call the opera actor "singing", which shows the importance of "singing". Zhou Yuxiang's voice is thick and bright, full of breath, resonance, this superior condition, so that he can be the singer's singing drama, such as "Xiguan Du", "Laiyang Ren", "Wan Shan Guan Painting", "Yan Ying Ying There are dozens of or even hundreds of big singing such as "Speaking of Chu", which is not enough for other ugly horns. These plays have become Zhou Yuxiang's representative drama. Not only is he inherently good, he can sing, but he is well -trained and can sing. He was influenced by his brother Huang's brother, especially Huang Yiliang, and Yaai Kunqu is often used to regulate his aria, and he is good at absorbing the nutrition of Sichuan Quyi, especially Zhuqin. So round and beautiful. Especially his [Hong Na Jiao] song in the high -quality opera, singing more charm and strong narrative. The plates are smooth and changeable, the slow second -rate is soothing and gentle. In the "Yan Ying Saying Chu", "Yan Ying's Say Chu", the singing of the singing of "Affairs for Junjie Tong Power, Zhou Gang's Five Battle of the Five Battle", soothing, soothing, clear and powerful; The hundred sentences of "the family's land crying" in the Du "changes, and it is not effortless. Zhou Yuxiang's Hu Qin opera, such as "Ask the Palace of the Palace", "Jiu Xiyong", etc., the cavity is high and stable. Because he can sing good and sing, it is also found that some of the dramas that are heavier rather than ugly, forming his own masterpiece. For example, "Cooking Toru" was originally a facelift. Hands -handed play.

Secondly, Zhou Yuxiang's performance pays special attention to the temperament of the characters. This is the characteristic of "Zhou Yuxiang's performance" that people often call. Zhou Yuxiang's "Yan Ying Say Chu" was just a script of Mr. Fu Sanqian, but Mr. Fu himself did not play (Fu's voice was not good, he could not be competent to sing). Therefore, Zhou Yuxiang's "Yan Ying Say Chu" performance is his original creation. Although Yan Ying in the play, although wearing dwarf minks, wearing short official clothes and climbing boots, Zhou Yuxiang let Yingyan wears colorful green official clothes, handsome dress, and hangs five crickets to approach Zhengsheng. Dress it. Although he played Yan Ying with the "dwarf method", his stage dignified and stable, his hands and feet seemed to be short, and the action range was large. It is worthy of the country of righteousness and righteousness. Similarly, Zhou Yuxiang is also out of the ugly corner in "Cooking", and re -shape the character according to the principle of "not acting". He plays a complete dress, the dress between the face and the raw corner, and the logic of singing and arguing with Langlang, showing the wisdom and fearlessness of the characters.

Zhou Yuxiang's fingers, the image is changeable, clean and standardized, which can not only want to do whatever he wants, but also has a fixed finger. Especially in the singing and singing of the hall, not only pays attention to the singing of the righteousness, but also the accurate and more finger. The two will not affect each other. For example, the fingers in Xiguan Du, in the singing of more than a hundred sentences, did not abuse vulgarity, but also fixed. "And I have long blocked the vulnerability", my wrist is curved, my palms are upward, and the word "blocking" action in the word "plugging" is accurate and beautiful. "Go to a small solution is a pouring onion", rotating the "column fan" with his fingers for a week, "I found that he was seaming in the stone", and the "column standing fan" twisted between the left finger to twist Ingenuity, etc., can be described as ingenious. In conjunction with the use of fingers, using portable props such as folding fans, whip and other engraved characters, expressing emotions, this is also a major feature of Zhou Yuxiang's performance. In the performance of "Xichuan Tu", a fan can be used to be used as paddle, sharp blade, and shields. In "Xiguan Du", he uses a fan as a human body, a bamboo cricket, a corpse, and a spirit card. The whip in "Benfan" uses fishing rods, horizontal flutes, etc., can be used in coherence. In one go, it expresss the image of reappearing scene and portraying the characters, adding glory to his stage art.

In short, Zhou Yuxiang's performance, from the character's identity, temperament, and character, he made superb and in -depth treatment of the script, and made a different design of the character shape. Coupled with the round and beautiful singing, the words of it, with a beautiful body, practicing and rich fingers, and implicitly shaping the unique Yan Ying, Qi Che, Zhang Song, Fucha, and Song Kang. A series of gallery characters such as Pang Tong, Xu Jia, Chen Cai, Yang Guang, Ma Yan, and Mao Yanshou made him stand out in the ugly forest.

(To be continued)

Source: Hou Hou

Author: Cao Xiangming

Supply: 犍 供 供 供 work office

Picture source: Spicy Community

Picture Author: Shancheng Opera idiot

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