Promote high -quality development experts to analyze the "construction map" of new urbanization

my country's urbanization rate has increased from 53.1%to 64.7%, and about 180 million rural population enters the city to become a resident population in cities and towns. The average annual number of new employment in cities and towns has exceeded 13 million people ... Since the implementation of the new urbanization strategy, one people -oriented and four -way synchronization have been synchronized. , Optimizing the layout, ecological civilization, and cultural inheritance of the new urbanization and magnificent paintings of the Chinese characteristics are slowly spreading.

In recent years, the process of new urbanization has accelerated. Not long ago, the National Development and Reform Commission and the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" Implementation Plan for the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") formulated by the relevant departments (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") clarified the target tasks and policy measures of promoting new urbanization during the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period Essence

The reporter noticed that this is the first new round of new urbanization "roadmap" in 2035 after the first new urbanization plan for my country to introduce the first new urbanization plan in 2014- "National New Urbanization Plan (2014-2020)". What is the background and significance of the "Plan"? What opportunities will bring?

Many experts and scholars have said that the new type of urbanization is not only an important part of the "two new and one heavy" construction, but also the biggest potential of domestic demand. Through the new type of urbanization, it will expand effective investment and will bring more new momentum to the steady growth.

Realize the development of urban and rural integration

Efforts to promote citizenship of agricultural transfer

In various measures, my country's urbanization rate is a topic that has attracted much attention.

The "Plan" proposes that by 2025, the urbanization rate of permanent population in the country has steadily increased, the urbanization rate of household registration population has increased significantly, and the gap between the urbanization rate of household registration and the urbanization rate of permanent residents has narrowed significantly.

Earlier, the National Development and Reform Commission's "Key Mission of the New Urbanization and the Integration of Urban and Rural Idea" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission proposed that this year my country will adhere to the promotion of citizenship of agricultural transfer as the primary task of new urbanization, focusing on deepening the household registration for the resident who has not settled in the stock market. Institutional reform, improve the basic public service system for permanent residence, and improve the integration of agricultural transfer population into the urban level.

In this regard, Shen Bing, director of the National Geographical Space Information Center, said that the "Plan" promoted the development of urban and rural integration and development settings, emphasizing that it is necessary to adhere to the use of workers to replenish agriculture, urban and rural areas. In order to break through, the district has gradually improved the urban and rural integration development system mechanism and policy system, and pointed out the specific path to accelerate the construction of a new pattern of urban and rural integration and development during the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period.

Shen Bing believes that promoting the exchanges and peaceful exchanges between urban and rural areas between urban and rural areas is the key to breaking the dual structure of urban and rural areas. The focus is to change the situation where resources flow out of rural areas, and guide advanced elements to support the modernization of agricultural and rural areas. First, the aspect of "people" must actively guide urban talents to enter the countryside; the second is the aspect of "money" to broaden the diversified financing channels of rural construction; the third is the "land" aspect to steadily promote the reform of the rural land system.

Reducing the income gap between urban and rural residents is the inherent requirements of the common prosperity of all people. In this regard, Shen Bing suggested that the key to increasing farmers 'income with multiple channels should be used to promote the continuous improvement of rural residents' sense of gain, happiness, and security through the development of urban and rural integration.

The first is to improve the environment for the growth of farmers' wage income. We will improve the labor docking mechanism of migrant workers 'output input input, strengthen the construction of labor brand, and increase the income of farmers' migrant workers.

The second is to improve the mechanism of operating income growth of farmers. Carry out large -scale training of high -quality farmers, establish high -quality and high -quality agricultural high -quality incentive mechanisms, develop farmers' cooperatives and family farms, guide leading enterprises to build agricultural industrialization consortia with farmers, and allow farmers to share the benefits of processing and sales.

The third is to establish a mechanism for the growth of farmers' property income. Deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system, innovate the rural collective economic operation mechanism, promote "resource -changing assets, funds to shareholders, farmers to change shareholders", and increase farmers' property income.

The fourth is to strengthen the protection of farmers' transfer income. Combined with the reform of the food collection and storage system, we can improve the farmers' direct subsidy policies, and ensure that farmers grow grain income.

Orderly cultivate a modern urban circle

Improve the coordinated development mechanism of urban agglomeration and urban circle

Urbanization is the only way for modernization. The "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" and the long -view target outline of 2035 should propose the goal of the "resident population urbanization rate to 65 %" during the "14th Five -Year Plan" period, and made important deployment of "improving the quality of urbanization development".

Zhou Yiren, director of the Institute of Land Development and Regional Economic Research Institute of China Macro Economic Research Institute, said that the "Plan" was based on the challenges and opportunities of the problems faced by urbanization development during the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period. The focus of optimizing the layout and form of urbanization space will effectively support the realization of people -centered new urbanization strategic goals.

At present, my country's urbanization has entered the "second half" and is in a critical stage of transition to mature during the rapid development of urbanization. In Zhou Yiren's view, during this period, relying on the radiation of large -scale cities to drive the surrounding cities and counties to develop together and cultivate a modern urban circle. It is an effective way to accelerate the transformation of the development mode of oversized and large cities and solve the "big city disease". Important support for integrated development.

"Cultivating the urban circle is a systematic project and a long -term task." Zhou Yiren said that Nanjing, Fuzhou, Chengdu, Changzhu, and Xi'an have successively approved the national urban circle. It has played a positive role in curbing the continuation of some cities than the radiation path. He emphasized that the development of my country's urban circle is still in its infancy. It is necessary to comply with the laws, grasp the direction, focus, and sequence, and avoid blind construction at the stage of development. The "Plan" clarified the requirements of the cultivation of modern urban circle during the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period, and provided compliance with the construction of the urban circle in various places.

Among them, in the direction of development, it is required to rely on large cities or large cities with strong radiation to drive the common development of surrounding cities. In this regard, Zhou Yiren believes that this actually clarifies the premise of cultivating the urban circle is that the central city has entered the stage of development of its own elements and spillover of the population industry. Essence

In terms of space, the urban circle is required to take the 1 -hour commuting circle as the basic range. "This means that there must be a strong economic and social connection in central cities and surrounding areas, and the scope of the urban circle should not be too large. From the experience of developed countries, most of the urban areas such as New York, Tokyo, London, Paris are mostly around 20,000 square kilometers." Zhou Yiren said.

In addition, in terms of key tasks, Zhou Yiren emphasized that the "Plan" proposed that the cultivation and development of the urban circle should strengthen the role of the central city radiation, rather than the siphon squeeze in small and medium -sized cities. Settles have made solid progress in key areas such as step distribution and convenient sharing of public services.

Optimize urban scale structure

Promote the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns

Optimizing the scale of urban scale is an important part of improving the pattern of urbanization.

Li Peilin, an associate researcher and doctor of the Institute of Land Development and Regional Economics of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that in recent years, through the cultivation of urban agglomerations and urban circles, the development of large, small, medium and small cities and small towns in China is generally more coordinated, but with some large -scale large cities, the population is rapidly gathered. The problem of "head heavy and light" in the scale structure of the town has appeared.

Li Peilin said that on the one hand, the population scale of some large and large cities has continued to grow, the population density continues to increase, the difficulty of urban governance has increased, and the risk hidden dangers have increased; High, many counties and towns have weaknesses in infrastructure and public services, and their population and industries are not attractive.

In this regard, the "Plan" adheres to the system of systematic concepts and guides the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns.

Li Peilin believes that it mainly includes two levels: First, it is required to take into account the diversified needs of economic, life, ecology, and security in oversized Cities. It scientifically determines the scale and development intensity of the city, rationally controls the density of the population. Resources, realize group development, strengthen risk prevention and control in urban governance, and actively solve the "big cities disease"; the second is to request improvement of the functional quality of large and medium -sized cities, enhance the vitality of small cities, and promote the urbanization construction with county seats as an important carrier. , Category to guide the development of small towns.

At the same time, the comprehensive transportation network plays an important guidance and supporting role in optimizing the space pattern of urbanization.

Li Peilin introduced that in recent years, my country's transportation infrastructure construction has made great progress. At present, the coverage rate of "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high -speed rail network has reached 89.9%of cities with a population of 500,000, and the coverage of the national railway network over 200,000 cities has reached 99.1%. He also pointed out, but it is also necessary to see that the shortcomings and weaknesses still exist, especially for the intercity railway, urban (suburban) railway that supports the development of urban agglomerations and urban areas. The construction of urban agglomerations and urban areas still has a large space.

In this regard, the "Plan" proposes to basically penetrate the comprehensive transportation channel, increase the coverage rate of railway and highway cities, and accelerate the construction of intercity railway and urban suburban railway construction in Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area, and optimize Improve the airport layout, promote the three -dimensional transfer facilities of the newly built hub layout, and implement tasks such as the convenient transformation of existing hub transfer facilities.

In addition, Li Peilin also stated that the "Plan" also clarified that by 2025, the newly added intercity railway and the municipal railway operation mileage of the urban suburban railway were 3,000 kilometers, which basically achieved the goals of 2 hours between major cities, making the comprehensive transportation network optimization more targeted. (People's Daily reporter Xu Weina)

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