This summer, let us stare at these Chinese agricultural civilization "living fossils"

There are 18 important global agricultural cultural heritage in my country, ranking first in the world's countries.

This summer, let us stare at these Chinese agricultural civilization "living fossils"

There is a kind of fish, which has entered the world's first batch and China's first important agricultural cultural heritage protection project.

This fish grew up in the rice fields because of its tender and delicious flavor, soft -scale and diet, and local farmers seemed to be a treasure, and even presented to the daughter of marriage as a dowry.

Recently, this fish from Qingtian rice and fish symbiosis system is once again displayed in front of the world. On July 18, the Global Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage Conference jointly organized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry and the People's Government of Zhejiang Province opened in Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province.

The global important agricultural cultural heritage is a traditional agricultural system that has important historical and humanistic values ​​and has important reference for modern ecological cycle agriculture. It was proposed by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization in 2002. At present, China ranks first in each country with 18 items.

my country's agricultural cultural heritage is the "living fossil" of Chinese farming civilization. It is both a tangible material carrier and the essence of traditional farming culture. It has the eternal value and unique charm of time and space.

The latest archeological evidence shows that as early as 10,000 years ago, the ancestors in the south of my country began to cultivate rice, while the ancestors in the north began to cultivate millet and crickets. Two sets of independent development agricultural systems have giving birth to endless, splendid civilizations on the vast land of China.

As the country with the largest population in the world, my country has never relaxed to the stable rice bowl. The ancient agricultural cultural heritage is still nourishing the people, living forever, and constantly emerging.

Real increased income and accounts

At present, my country's global important agricultural cultural heritage can bring about 10%to 30%of agricultural product brands appreciation.

In Nanxun District, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, a square fish pond is like a bright mirror polished by jasper. It reflects the light and shadow of the sky. The separators are separated by the trails, and the rows of mulberry trees are planted on the trail.

More than 2500 years ago, Huzhou ancestors cleverly combined the three major agricultural production of "planting mulberry, raising silkworms, and fishing fish", deeply digging fish ponds, and pile of mud into the base. Sanji fish pond composite ecological agricultural systems with sandy fish, fish dung ponds, pond mulberry mulberry "realize the multi -level use of material circulation and energy, almost" zero pollution ".

With the development of the silk mulberry industry, the economic model of Sanji Fish Pond has gradually matured. According to the "Shen's Nongshu" by Shen's "Shen's Nongshu" by Shen's (now Wuxing District, Huzhou City) in Zhejiang (now Wuxing District, Huzhou City) in the Ming Dynasty, "Choi fish, their fat soil can be on the bamboo, Yu can be Yongsang, fish, and the end of the year can be easy to easily rice. , Moving the five or six heads, thinking that the root of the tree mulberry "can achieve the economic benefits of" two benefits, ten times the crops ".

Sanji Fish Pond is a model for China's fine cultivation of agricultural methods. In 2017, the Huzhou mulberry fish pond system was included in important agricultural cultural heritage of the world.

In the same year, Yang Hongmei stopped the business outside, returned to Hanggang Village, Hefu Town, and opened a "Chen Mom Youth Group" on Laogang Old Street. Today, Yang Hongmei's home has a fish pond and a pastry in the store. He also has the work of traveling personnel. "The fish raised in our village are all green ecological products, and do not worry about the road of selling. There are particularly face -to -date gifts for the New Year. I believe that life will get better and better."

Yang Shenghui, Secretary of the Party Committee of Langang Village, told reporters that the village relying on the mulberry fish pond system, with fish and mulberry culture as a carrier, and introduced the "fish culture festival" and series of research activities to introduce a mulberry fish pond with a total investment of more than 80 million yuan Agricultural product processing project, develop and produce "Sangmo series" characteristic fish and mulberry snacks, create a street food street, and continuously extend the fish mulberry cultural tourism industry chain. Last year, the whole village attracted about 800,000 tourists, driving over 100 million yuan in tourism and local products, and realizing the integration of villages and the rich people of the village.

"There are more than 400 incense trees in my family, of which more than 30 ancient trees have an ancient tree, with an annual output of about 30,000 pounds. They can increase their income of 500,000 yuan each year." Xuan Xincan, a villager in Dongxi Village, Zhaojia Town, Zhuji City, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, told reporters Essence

Dongxi Village is located in the hinterland of Hueiji Mountain and is the famous Xiangyu production area. The three generations of Xuanxin Chan's ancestors made a living with planting incense. Today, he has founded the Xiangyu brand Cuisheng Garden. Based on the planting and sales of himself, he has led local villagers to plant together, acquire, process and sell, and bring considerable income to villagers.

Xiangxiang is a precious economy and ecological tree species in my country. More than 2000 years ago, in the north of Zhejiang more than 2000 years ago, the Hueiji Mountains, Shaoxing ancestors of forestry, selected high -quality individuals in wild tree trees, and cultivated the excellent economy of consumption, medicinal, oil, oil, and use in manual grafting. Tree species "Xiangyu". The smart ancestors also made miscellaneous grains, vegetables, tea, pasture, etc. in the forests, which not only kept the water and soil, cultivate water, but also cool down and humidify and regulate the climate.

Historically, the incense of the Hueiji Mountain was famous. When Su Shi served as Hangzhou Zhizhou, he left the poem to praise Huiji Mountain: "Pei Meishan fruit, the cricket is the golden plate. "

According to statistics, Shaoxing's local protection area of ​​more than 50,000 acres, of which 25,000 ancient trees with more than 500 years, more than 2,700 rare ancient cricket trees with more than thousands of years, and 60%of the output of fragrant crickets.

In 2013, the ancient fragrance of the Hueiji Mountain in Shaoxing was identified as an important global agricultural cultural heritage by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The China Xiangxiang Museum, located in Zhuji City, opened in 2016. It is the first practical base in the domestic tree species of Xiangyu's historical culture and exhibition of Chen Xiangyu Nursery. The Grand Director Jinhang said: "The use of fragrant fruit collection, medicinal, oil, materials, materials, ornamental and environmental protection, etc., is the valuable wealth of the people of the mountains." In 2021, the total output value of the incense industry in Shaoxing City reached the At about 1.6 billion yuan, more than 40,000 households increased their income by more than 2,000 yuan.

At the Special Forum of the Global Global Exchange Service Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Xu Ming introduced that at present, my country's global important agricultural cultural heritage can bring about 10%to 30%of agricultural product brands. The contribution rate of the protection and utilization of important agricultural cultural heritage to the world is close to 40%, which has attracted a group of people to return to employment.

Wisdom inheritance in harmony between man and nature

"We have the natural concept of" Heaven and Man "thousands of years ago, and to guide our agricultural production. This is an important contribution of Chinese agricultural civilization to the world"

The green trees on the mountains sway, the mountainside terraces become a ridge, and the clear stream of a bay is diarrhea from the mountain. On the morning of July 19, in Longxian Village, Fangshan Township, Qingtian County, villager Wu Yongqiang was replenishing fish fry in his field. "The rice and fish raised in our village are non -rough green foods. Growing rice and pests can also give rice fertilizer and loose soil."

In Longxian Village, the villagers raised fish fry in the rice fields from April to May, and they were fishing in the autumn harvest. The average weight was 7 to 8 to 8. Wu Yongqiang said that the production of rice per mu is now 800 to 900 kgs, and the fish are produced about 100 pounds per mu. The average price is 6 yuan per catty and 60 yuan. Many diners believe that Qingtian's "rice field farming" is no less than the delicious yellow croaker in the sea.

"The symbiosis of rice and fish is an agricultural planting experience and lifestyle retained by the local villagers for thousands of years. A cycle, ecological agricultural breeding method. "

More than 1200 years ago, in the southeast of Zhejiang, Qingtian ancestors reclaimed the terraced fields, planting rice in the fields, and fish farming under the rice. Yitian dual -use and rice and fish doubles, supporting the "rice rice rice fish" in mountainous areas with lack of arable land.

"White water is deep in rice, and the rain suddenly turns into Jinbi shadow." Liu Bowen described the beautiful scene of rice and fish in the early Ming Dynasty.

After thousands of years of cumulative precipitation, the main content of agricultural breeding models with the main content of "field -noodles, fish farming, fish dung fields, rice and fish symbiosis, and fish food coexistence" are formed locally. The people of the mountains are grateful for nature.

In 2005, the Qingtian rice fish symbiosis system became China's first important agricultural cultural heritage in the world. Ye Ming'er, a member of the Global Expert Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Agricultural and Cultural Heritage, and director of the Agricultural Cultural Heritage Research Center of Zhejiang University, said that the system fully reflects the wisdom of local farmers.

"The water temperature of the rice fields in the mountains is low, which is not conducive to rice cute, and the old ancestors put the fish in. Fish often swim on the side of the rice roots to find food. The fish has also been raised. Farmers can not only collect more rice, but also have a new source of protein such as fish. "Ye Ming'er said that the reason why Qingtian rice and fish symbiosis system can be recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is very large. In terms of extent, it can provide reference for mountain agriculture in underdeveloped countries and regions.

"We have the natural view of" heaven and man "thousands of years ago, and in order to guide our agricultural production. This is an important contribution to the Chinese agricultural civilization to the world." As an example, the system is located in the low -lying area on the south bank of the Taihu Lake. In the summer, the floods of the east and west streams of Taihu Lake's tributaries are easily attacked. The pond, then raising fish in the pond, planting mulberry on the pond, and raising silkworms with mulberry.

"This is a complete internal circulation system, which is almost polluted, so the local water quality is good and suitable for silk." Ye Ming'er said that Nanxun is a well -known silk origin in modern times. The "Silk Silk" won the first World Expo Gold in 1851. This provides vivid cases for today's sustainable development.

In May of this year, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization officially identified Fujian Anxi Tieguanyin Tea Culture System, Inner Mongolia's Arukorqin Caifa Nomadic Nomadic System, and Hebei Xixian Drought Stone Stone Terraces System as an important agricultural cultural heritage in the world. At this point, the total number of important agricultural cultural heritages in China has increased from 15 to 18, ranking first in the world.

The stones of the Drought Stone Stone Terrace of Hebei is the rainy agricultural system, which can be traced back to the 13th century. The climate of the local mountainous areas has a harsh natural environment, and the Shiyan terraces have created conditions for the steep slopes and farming fields. It still plays an important role so far. Sustainable agricultural model.

The county terraces not only planted the well -known walnuts and peppercorns, but also Xiaomi, corn, soybeans, black dates and other agricultural and forestry products. The locals adopt a variety of crop rotation to form a farming technology of "hiding food in the ground", the storage technology of "storage in the warehouse" and the survival skills of "grain -saving". The magnificent terrace landscape witnesses the harmony between man and nature. "These important global agricultural cultural heritage projects tell the world about the vivid 'Chinese stories'." Ye Ming'er concluded.

Protection and development complement each other

The wisdom of traditional farming is complemented by modern agricultural technology. Let the people rely on agricultural cultural heritage, from full to eating. Farmers' income has increased, industrial development, and participation naturally improves

Qingtian County is a well -known overseas Chinese hometown. Today, in the supermarkets of the European metropolis such as Rome and Madrid, Qingtian overseas Chinese can also buy fresh fields from their hometown to solve their nostalgia. Among them, the credit of Qingtian Overseas Chinese Jinyue Pin and others who returned home.

In 2011, Jin Yuepin and several farmers were partnerships to establish an ecological agricultural development company in their hometown, creating a 2,000 square meters of field fish breeding bases and more than 40 acres of rice field fish farming bases. The "Cooperative+Base+Farmers" model is introduced to drive villagers to increase their income.

Jin Yuepin also invented a handbag and backpack -style portable vacuum bag. In the vacuum bag of water storage, the field fish can live for more than 100 hours, and it is not a problem to take a plane to Europe at all.

"Traditional agricultural heritage also requires the injecting vitality of scientific and technological innovation." Li Yile said that in recent years, intelligent sensors have been set up in rice fields to help farmers monitor farmers to monitor paddy field fertility and pests and pests. Help farmers scientific farming, increase production and income.

"When the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization put forward the concept of important global agricultural cultural heritage, it is not that it does not want it, but to promote the inheritance and innovation inheritance." Ye Ming'er said that traditional farming wisdom is not contradictory with modern agricultural technology, but complement each other. Essence When he quoted the "Red Beauty" citrus in Huzhou, he was inspired by the production mode of Sanji Fish Pond, and established a cycle mode of "orange garden raw grass, grass feeds lake sheep, sheep dung and orange".

Min Qingwen, chairman of the Global Expert Committee of the Global Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture and the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also believes that the agricultural cultural heritage is the development of the development. There are many agricultural technology. Modern agriculture can also draw green environmental protection concepts from agricultural cultural heritage.

Min Qingwen recalled that when he first visited Fangshan Township of Qingtian County with the expert group, the local farmers were surprised. "Our ancestors are so raising fish in the rice fields, how can we become a cultural heritage?"

"At that time, they couldn't understand the real value of the rice fish symbiotic system. They only knew that the fish raised in the rice fields were delicious, and even the fish scales could be eaten. The red fish pretty good." Min Qingwen recalled, "Let's explain to them to explain to them Let farmers re -examine these things they are accustomed to, establish cultural consciousness and confidence, and realize that the symbiosis of rice and fish is a baby. "

Min Qingwen believes that living and comprehensiveness are the two significant features of the global important agricultural cultural heritage. "On the one hand, the agricultural cultural heritage is the history of living. It carries the wisdom of the ancestors for thousands of years. It is still Fuze, which is the main agricultural production method and economic source of local residents. On the other hand, it integrates natural heritage and material culture. Heritage, intangible cultural heritage and other characteristics, have multiple functions such as developing economy, protecting ecology and inheritance culture. "

"To protect agricultural cultural heritage, we do not require the past state, but to pay attention to the function of agricultural species resources in the inheritance, the harmonious culture of human and nature, and important agricultural planting experience and technology." Min Qingwen added that development is the largest The protection of ordinary people should rely on agricultural cultural heritage, from full to eating. The farmers' income of the agricultural heritage land has increased, the industrial development, and the participation naturally improves.

In recent years, Zhuji has pioneered the "digital traceable system" for Xiangyu Ancient Tree with the help of scientific and technological means. The growth of 42,000 in the ancient trees and surrounding environments of 42,000 in the city have real -time dynamic monitoring and tracking management.

At the same time, the local launch of the "Millennium Ancient Tree Xiangyu Protection Plan", launching the adoption and customization services of the ancient trees of Xiangyu, and guiding local enterprises to work with internationally renowned enterprises in different fields to develop and produce derivatives such as Xiangye skin care oil, high -end washing, fragrant edible oil oil and other derivatives , Extend the industrial chain and increase the added value of the product.

"Affected by the epidemic at the time, Xiangye's offline sales were not good. Dad asked me to try online marketing." In 2020, Xuan Xincan called his daughter Xuan Jie back from the field. This year, Xuan Jie first sipped from the circle of friends to the e -commerce platform, and also opened a personal account "Xiangxiang Xi Shi" on the vibrato to sell his own incense. In the second half of each year, she was the busiest when she was the busiest, and often followed her grandfather and dad to go to Xiangye Forest for live broadcast.

"Although we grew up in Xiangxianglin, we have never been engaged in agricultural production, so I was still unfamiliar with the picking of Xiangyu." Xuan Jie told reporters that after two years of live broadcast and cargo, she had a deeper relationship with Xiangye. Essence

"My family may have more than four or five generations of people to plant incense. Xiangxiang still has to be picked from the branches on the branches, which is more hard." Xuan Jie lamented that as a young man, he was more responsible for inheriting the Xiangye industry."Tu Shen is" society ", Gu Shen said" 稷 ", collectively known as" social "refers to the country. This refers to witness the importance of a Chinese nation to agriculture. Today, the ancient agricultural cultural heritage is still by this nation.value.

"The protection of agricultural cultural heritage requires the power of young people." Combining his many years of teaching experience, Ye Ming'er suggested to write more knowledge of agricultural cultural heritage into the textbook, so that the younger generation feels the wisdominterest of.

Source: Xinhua Daily Telecom

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