The temperature of the laboratory is renewed and low: How cold is it?How to reach?

Colder than Xuan Dart Nebula, the laboratory temperature is closer to absolute zero degrees again: how is the 38th of the trillion) of how to make it.

Cold atom concept map

Researchers have the closest absolute zero -degree in history (source: shutterstock)

Not long ago, scientists reached a low-bone low temperature from the high tower of 393 feet (120 meters): only than absolute zero (-273.15 degrees Celsius), which was 38th. It also broke the minimum temperature record that has been measured in the laboratory.

The German scientific research team was studying the quantum properties of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)-BEC is the so-called "material fifth state", which is a gas derivative that exists in an ultra-low temperature state. In the BEC state, the material will be manifested like a large atom, which also makes it a very attractive topic -especially attracting quantum physicists who are interested in the sub -atomic particle mechanism.

This image shows the distribution of 子 atomic speed, which confirms the existence of Bosis-Einstein. Left: Big-Einstein's cohesion before appearing. Middle: Big-Einstein condensed just appeared. Right: Almost all the remaining atoms are in the gangster-Einstein.

Temperature measurement is actually molecular vibration: the more active a group of molecular movements, the higher its collective temperature. The absolute zero degree refers to the time when all molecules stop exercise, namely -459.67 Fahrenheit or -273.15 degrees Celsius. Scientists invented the special temperature label for extreme low temperature, that is, Kelvin thermal label (unit opening), of which 0 (0K) represents absolute zero degree.

When the material is close to absolute zero, some weird things happen. For example, a study published in the magazine published in Nature · Physics in 2017 shows that it becomes liquid in the state of absolute zero degree, and can be "poured" in the vector; for example, according to the same year, " A study in the magazine of Natural Communications shows that over -low temperature will lose friction at ultra -low temperature. In addition, in the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Cold atom Lab, researchers also witnessed the strange scenes that atoms appearing in two places at the same time at ultra -low temperature.

In this record -breaking experiment, scientists gathered about 100,000 qi 铷 atoms in a magnetic field in a vacuum room. Then, they slightly cooled the vacuum room until the absolute zero -billion -dollar degree Celsius -and according to the Tuotu network New Atlas, this temperature itself is already a world record.

But for scientific researchers who want to surpass the limit of physics, this temperature is far from cold enough; they want to get lower temperature, they need to simulate the outer space environment, so they bring the device to the European Space Administration The tower, the tower is a micro -gravity research center located at the University of Bremei, Germany. Let the vacuum room be free to switch the magnetic field while the vacuum room is free to fall. In this way, the BEC can float without gravity constraints, so that scientists can slow down the motion atom molecules in this state to close to zero. The team reported on the journal of the Physics Review Express on August 30 that BEC maintained a "absolute record below zero" at the 38th of the trillion -dollar Kaishi (38pk). The minimum temperature record before this was 36th of the Millions of Kaiya, which was created by scientists in the National Standard and Technology Research Institute (NIST) located in Bolt, Colorado.

The micro -gravity of the Tower of Applied Space Technology and Micro Gravity Center (ZARM) at the University of Bilang

The minimum natural temperature known in the universe exists in the rotary darts Nebula. The rotary dart nebula is located in a half-person horse, 5,000 light years from the earth; according to data from the European Space Administration, its average temperature is -272 degrees Celsius (about 1 Kaijizhi).

Returning Bight Strole

The researchers of this new study said in a statement: In a real no gravity environment like space, theoretically they can make this minimum temperature last for up to 17 seconds. According to researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), extremely low temperature may help scientists develop better quantum computers one day in the future.

related information

Hui Power Baseball (English: Boomerang NEBULA) (also known as Tie Nebula [2]) is a planet cloud 5,000 light years from the Earth. The temperature of this nebula was measured at 1K (−272.15 ° C; −457.87 ° F), which is the lowest known temperature in nature [2]. The rejuvenation star cloud is formed by the gas flowing out of the core of a star. The speed of the gas flowing out of the gas is 164 km/s, and it expands quickly after entering space. This expansion is the main cause of the decrease in its temperature (thermal expansion).

By: Joanna Thompson

Fy: Ken Diber

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