Methodist of Guzshan Tanyuan | Methodism of Gatz Mountain and Ancient History Research

Methodism of Guzshan and ancient history research

Li Xueqin

The discovery of the rock paintings and stone architecture of Guzshan has actually discussed for some time. We saw it in the video just now, and have held many related academic seminars. After these seminars, especially some works and records edited by Xinzheng City, this discovery has been well known. Especially the leaders of Henan Province and Xinzheng City, inviting and organizing experts and scholars from all aspects such as history, archeology, rock painting, and art to concentrate their strengths to investigate and study the rock paintings of Guzshan. Obvious achievements. For this result, we should give a sufficient valuation. Today, this seminar will further combine this discovery with the origin of the origin of Chinese civilization to conduct in -depth discussions. Deepen this study at a higher level, so that there will be greater and better effects. I can have the opportunity to participate in this meeting myself, and I should express special gratitude to the leaders of the host and hosted parties and everyone here.

The topic I spoke today is "Method Theory of Gatz Mountain and Ancient History Research". The title can also be said "The Legend of Ancient History is an integral part of Chinese ancient history". Let me talk about it here today. I think everyone knows the history of our Chinese, and we all know the twenty -four history. Recently, there is a major event in the academic world, which is the release of the amendment version of the punctuation of "Historical Records". Not only did the start -up formula in our country, but also the starting formula in the world. This is also an important contribution to Chinese historical research.

Twenty -four history is Sima Qian's "Historical Records". The "Historical Records" is led by "Five Emperor's Book of Book". I often say that Huangdi is the beginning of our history. This is not an accident, but reflects the traditional cultural concept of our ancestors. There should be a clear understanding. The historical legend of Huangdi has always been combined with Gatz Mountain and Xinzheng.

Gutz Mountain, what is Gutz? I hope that my gentleman here tells me that the word itself is very old. What is Gutz? Why is it called Gutz? The name of these two words itself can see its history, which is a very old word. The history of Katzshan can be seen in the pre -Qin literature. Just as the mayor of Xinzheng Liu Wuyi has recorded in his works, what we can find at present is the "Xu Wu Gui" article of "Zhuangzi". Xu Wu Gui, my personal opinion should read Xu and Fear Fei (Wei), Xu Bai Fei was the name of the person at the time. No matter what, Zhuangzi's "Xu Wu Gui" is a book during the Warring States Period. This book once described: "Huangdi saw Dazhishan Mountain." This is what we can find out today. The earliest record. Of course, there may be before, but we have not found in other materials. And "Huangdi Seeing Daju in the Mountains of Gatz", there is a clear explanation in "Water Sutra" saying "Dazhen Mountain is Yizhan Mountain." When Huang Di saw Daji, Da Yan was a legendary character at the time, but it was also the name of this Tzishan. Because there is this character, there is this name, so Da Laoshan is Gats Mountain. This is mentioned from the geographical perspective. However, "Water Sutra" also mentioned Xinzheng. The "Shui Jing Note" said that the Xinzheng County at that time was "there is a Xiong's market, the capital of the Huangdi". The phrase "Water Sutra" was not what he said, but according to Huang Fu's "Emperor's Century". Emperor's "Emperor's Century" clearly said that Xinzheng has the Xiong's market, the capital of the Huangdi, and the capital of Huangdi. That is to say, the legends of Guzhan Mountain and Xinzheng have been combined since ancient times and cannot be separated. This legend is not later artificial, but a long history of ancient history. This is what we must be particularly clear. Therefore, we study the rock paintings of Guzshan and the stone structure sites above, and other aspects, etc., we must consider the historical background of this legend.

The historical legends of Xinzheng Hezhan and Huangdi have a very close and inseparable relationship. This discusses the origin of Chinese civilization and its early development. It has very important inspiration. Archaeological sites, its historical background and historical status also have important reference value. This is the main idea I said here today.

However, we should also fully notice that ancient historical legends like Huangdi, when exploring ancient history and civilization today, what should we look at? What are the status of these legends? What kind of role? What should we do in our research? This problem is still to be clarified to this day. I also ask all experts and scholars present to discuss and discuss further. Specifically, some scholars and works, including domestic and foreign people, must specifically explain that today, especially some foreign sinologists, they think that Huangdi and similar ancient Chinese history legends can be said to be basically. There is no historical value at all, it seems that it is the restricted area, which cannot be mentioned. What should I think of such ancient history legends? Is the content of "Five Emperor Book of Book" completely fiction for future generations? Or is it a pseudo -history? In this case, it is necessary to consider studying the problems of ancient historical methodology. What should we look at these issues? I think this issue is worth discussing and studied with experts at this meeting in the future. According to Sima Qian's narrative, the writing of "Five Emperor Benji" is not a very simple description and legendary thing, but after a long -term work. The section of Sima Qian's "Tai Shigong said" after the "Five Emperor's Benji" is clear. He said, "Scholars are mostly called Five Emperors, Shang Yan, but" Shang Shu "has been alone since Yao; and the Emperor Huang Emperor is indecent and tame." There is no content of Huangdi in "Shang Shu". There are many contradictions, indecent places, "Mr. Gentlemen is hard to say." The Confucius and the Emperor's Surnames were rumored by Confucius. "Five Emperor" and "Emperor's Surname" still exist, existing in the Book of Big Dai Rites. These two articles are compared with the "Five Emperor's Book of Book". It can be seen that the content of "Five Emperor's Book" is based on these two articles. These two works are no doubt about the works of the Warring States Period. Therefore, the "Five Emperor's Benji" told Huang Di to do a lot of research based on the literature left by historical transmission. Considering the materials in all aspects of the hundreds of their children, they have made full collection. At the same time, it is very important that he has done travel and field investigation and research. Everyone knows that he said that to the west to the west, the north to the Luolu, the east to the sea, and the south, the north to Hebei Province, the north, the west to Gansu, the east to the sea, the south to the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River area. A large number of investigations were conducted. The elders in these places said were folk legends, all about the Huangdi. "The Fengjiao is very good", that is, although the nature of their local national traditional culture is different, in short, it is "not separated from ancient texts", which is basically in line with the handed down literature. Everyone understands that these sentences are not simply speaking. The "Five Emperor's Book of Book" is not written casually. It not only does a lot of literature research and collation, but also conducts field surveys. In terms of, it is basically in line with the "Five Emperor's Book of Book". I think this research method is still very revealing today, and we should do this. We cannot be abolished in one aspect. We only explain historical legends based on the handed down literature. This is not enough. We must do it according to various investigations and related research. Sima moved us to a role model. The ancient historical architecture represented by the "Five Emperor's Benji" cannot be simply denied. Of course, everyone will forgive the ancients, because the ancients did not have modern archeology, literature and other technologies and knowledge. Today our research conditions are different from the ancients, but these tasks made by the ancients, I think there should be a reference.

I just said it here just now. It is a fundamental style of negation of ancient history and legends, and denying the traditional ancient historical structure of China. It was not what the gentleman said. I think this is an important trend in academic history. For the characters involved in this trend, we should distinguish it. Because everyone must know that the beginning of the suspicion of the ancient learning style, as Mr. Gu Jiegang said in the description, it was Kang Youwei, and then Cui Shi from Peking University. He said he was learned from Kang Cui. Kang Youwei's suspicion is Mr. Hu Shi, Gu Jiegang, etc. behind. Their doubts are different. Because Kang Youwei wants to change the Favorite New, so it is necessary to change some orthodox concepts in ancient times and propose Confucius restructuring. It is a reformist of reform. His academic views are closely combined with his political claims.

After that, if you discuss it now, you should also notice that some scholars mentioned by the Japanese -White Bird Koshi. Shi Okuki Koji has a great influence in Japan. I don't make much comments here today, because his research behind him is very clear. The school of Shiushikuji, saying "Yao Shun Yu's theory of killing", his rise and the so -called "Asia" of Japanese history, to leave Asia and get rid of the influence of Chinese academic culture, it should be said to be related.

Here I want to emphasize here that after the development of the New Culture Movement, Mr. Hu Shi's early insights and the "ancient history discernic" school represented by Mr. Gu Jiegang, I always think that this is a progressive thinking, a new cultural movement, a new cultural movement, a new cultural movement. In the component, their work has important enlightenment and progressive significance. Since 1923, the discussion of the ancient historical circles has a great impact on the ancient learning style. Until now, its impact is not only domestic, especially overseas. If you talk about Huangdi overseas, you will never be sure, mainly due to the influence of such a style. After the rise of the ancient learning style in the New Culture Movement, there are some different criticisms and some opinions on the suspected ancient schools. I think it is necessary to learn from this aspect of criticism and correction. First of all, Mr. Wang Guowei, his criticism of suspicious ancient style was not after the matter, it was at that time. Everyone knows that the beginning of "Ancient History" was in the newspaper, in 1923, the first volume of his "Ancient History" was published in 1926. I often say that Wang Guowei did the "Ancient History Certificate in Tsinghua in 1925 "" Ancient History "related. Why does Mr. Wang Guowei say this problem? He had a narrative himself, and later his student Mr. Dai Jiaxiang also recalled. After the rise of the study style, everyone asked Wang Guowei, Mr. Wang, what do you think of this problem? He said that the spirit of doubt is right, but it is not enough in terms of construction. Later, Mr. Wang Guowei talked about a few issues in Tsinghua in the fall of 1925. It was based on his own years of research on ancient history, including literature, and the research of the Oracle and Golden texts that were at the forefront of the time. Essence

First of all, he pointed out that it is undeniable that there is a mythical factors in the ancient history legends. For example, when Huangdi saw Dazhishan, if Dasao was God, Huangdi later rose to heaven. Isn't this also mythical? So is there any research value? Regarding this King Guowei, he said very well. He said this in particular. He said that the legends of ancient times were mixed with historical facts. This is the same as countries around the world. We now see that the history of ancient civilizations in various countries began to come out of mythology. If you are interested, find a foreign one, such as talking about Egyptian history, or the book of Greek history, and you must talk about how to unify the Egyptian north and south, how to wear red hats and white hats, etc., all have a mythical point of view. Therefore, it is not an ancient history legend with mythical factors, we cannot be faithful and cannot be studied. We want to distinguish it and find out its historical background. This is proposed by Mr. Wang Guowei.

Secondly, Mr. Wang Guowei also pointed out that in the era of no text in ancient times, it was mainly based on oral transmission. Because you say the words of the Yellow Emperor, you must not find the text records at the time, so you have to ask it to prove that it is impossible to do it like a Oracle. This requirement is unreasonable, because the historical legends at that time were passed down. In the middle of ancient legends, the fains of myths went in. After a long period of mouth, it became a record. Some ancient history legends have no research value. In that way, the ancient civilization could not be studied in the early days. Although Mr. Wang Guowei is not very clear, it has been seen in his text.

Another point, the literature that came out late, even the miscellaneous theory, should refer to it. In particular, everyone knows that Mr. Wang Guowei has made significant contributions in Oracle research. Of course not himself, and Mr. Luo Zhenyu, who found Wang Hai together. Everyone must know that Wang Hai is not from the Shang Dynasty. It is already a very ancient character. It is the seventh ancestor of Shang Tang. Before the seventh generation of Shang Tang, it has been in the past two hundred years. However, Wang Hai was basically invisible in the ancient books. After the study of Oracle, then the story was hooked out of the works such as the hundreds of sons and even the Shan Hai Jing. So such a discovery made us see that even some late books of some of the sons, even weird works like the Shan Hai Jing, have historical value. I think Mr. Wang Guowei is also very important for this opinion of suspicious ancient style. This is the criticism of Mr. Wang Guowei.

One more interesting is Mr. Qian Mu's criticism. I think everyone knows the special relationship between Mr. Qian Mu and Mr. Gu Jiegang. Mr. Qian Mu is a primary and secondary school teacher in Jiangnan. At that time, teachers in primary and secondary schools were different from today. He read Kang Youwei's work and wrote an article to refute Kang Youwei's argument. This article was seen by Mr. Gu Jiegang. The argument of the article is just the opposite of Mr. Gu Jiegang, but Mr. Gu is extremely generous. Not only did his article publish his article on the Yanjing Journal, but he personally changed his name to make his name better. Some. It turned out that it was called "Liu Xiang, Liu Ye, and Wang Mang's Chronicles". The name was not very good. And say that you should not teach in elementary school, you should be a professor at university, and introduce Mr. Qian Mu as a professor. I think it is difficult for us to find a scholar today.

However, Mr. Qian Mu also criticized the doubt about the ancient views. He said that Mr. Gu Jiegang advocated "the ancient history of the ancient history" and felt that the ancient history was more and more compiled, which was caused by continuous accumulation. Everyone knows that this is Gu Jiegang. The typical argument of Mr.. He said that you should not forget. The ancient history is constantly being forgotten. It is an ancient history that has been tired and forgetful. Many ancient history content has been forgotten after thousands of years. Mr. Qian Mu's argument was never put forward by Mr. Wang Guowei and other people who did not agree with the ancient learning style. Everyone knows that there is also Mr. Zhang Yinlin's criticism. Mr. Zhang Yinlin has learned philosophy. From a logical perspective, ancient history is used to discriminate with a dendium. This is more professional. I will not discuss here. But one thing is particularly interesting. Everyone knows that discussions on this area are still ongoing. Just a few days ago, a "New Field International Academic Symposium for Ancient History Studies" was held at Shanghai University. I did n’t have to participate in myself. They gave me the materials. Professor Xie Weiyang of Shanghai University wrote an article- "The complex situation and the quality of the historical materials of the ancient books and the history of the legendary period". He is the organizer of that meeting, and his article proposes a new criticism of suspicious ancient style. He said that the ancient history caused by layers is that the big problem is because it is a single -line development, and the continuous single -line development caused by the accumulation of layers. The changes in ancient legends may actually be very complicated. The ancient history caused by layers said that if it is a single line, you have to line up the ancient history legends, getting the later. Mr. Tong Shuye's argument said that Huangdi became the first one in Chinese history, and was the earliest at the end of the Warring States Period. Think about it, this argument is unreasonable. If the earliest was the end of the Warring States Period and was too close to Sima Qian, how could he use such a statement? It is impossible for him to adopt.

Just now we talked about the method of studying ancient history legends. I think this is the age of ancient history legends. We might as well divide the ancient history into several different paragraphs. For example, in the first paragraph, from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, including the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, we have very detailed literature records. We have "Zuo Zhuan", "Mandarin" and "Warring States Policy". There are other hundreds of sons who are rich in records, which can be conducted in detail based on literature to compare and confirm each other with archeological discovery. However, from this before, we have done the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project". It is often said that in 841 BC, it would not work before 841 BC, because there were not so many materials in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Of course There are "Zhou Li" and other materials, but it cannot be compared with the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. However, including the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty, we still have Oracle Gold, as well as direct text materials. In front of the discovered Oracle text, such as Wu Ding before, or before Pan Geng moved to Yin, there was basically no direct text material, but we still have some materials that can be done. As for the ancient history of the ancient history, of course, it is legendary, so our views on ancient historical materials should have a different ladder. The more forward, as the archaeological senior pointed out, relying on archeological research. Now, I think our task is the investigation and research of Guzshan, which we discuss, and explains and compares these aspects of the ancient history legends with the results of modern archaeological science. Gu Guo went to Shigu, and gave the legendary ancient history to the correct scientific explanation. However, this aspect has exceeded my knowledge scope. I want to talk about this, thank you all.

The article is excerpted from Guangming Daily Press "Gutz Mountain and Chinese Civilization"

About the author: Li Xueqin, a well -known historian, a professor at Tsinghua University, Honorary President of the Chinese Pioneers History Society, and the leader of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and chief scientist.

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