Yunnan "samples", which is protected by biological diversity

China Well -off Network Exclusive Specialty

Text | "Well -off" · China Well -off reporter Guo Yan

From tropical to cold belts, from land water to underground, from fierce to fragile, from huge to small ... diverse creatures can make this world harmoniously coexist and a virtuous circle.

Picture source: hellof

Yunnan Province, known as the "Kingdom of Animal Kingdom", "Plant Kingdom", "World Garden" and "Species Gene Library", has extremely rich biodiversity and is an important biological diversity treasure trove and Southwest ecological security barrier in China. Data show that there are about 50 wild animals in Yunnan Province and the number of distribution areas are increasing and expanding. In 2021, 256 new species and new record species were found in Yunnan.

After a long persistent efforts, the protection of biological diversity in Yunnan Province is at the forefront of the country: the natural protection land system is becoming more and more complete, and the quality of the ecosystem is stable and good; The level of resource sustainable utilization is significantly improved; 90%of the typical ecosystems and 85%of important species in the province are effectively protected; the value evaluation of biological diversity and ecosystem service value, genetic resources and related traditional knowledge acquisition and Huiyi sharing, etc. Pilot exploration; the first promulgation of the "Regulations on the Protection of Biological Diversity in Yunnan" in the country.

Yunnan Province, which is held at the 15th meeting of the Convention on the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15), is the most effective area of ​​my country's biodiversity protection practice. Over the years, the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government have attached great importance to the protection of biological diversity, and have successively established the Yunnan Biological Diversity Protection Foundation, the Yunnan Biological Diversity Protection Committee, and its expert committee. Corresponding work coordination mechanism.

Subsidies and sharing, the painting is beautifully painted

Yunnan Province, located in the southwest border of the motherland, only accounts for 4.1%of China's land and land area. It is one of the 17 key areas and 34 richest hotspots in the world's 17 key areas in my country ...

From the Red River Valley of 76 meters above sea level to the top of the Merri Snow Mountain at 6740 meters above sea level, the altitude difference between 6,600 meters has given different geological geological features in Yunnan.

In recent years, all parts of Yunnan Province rely on the advantages of local natural resources to take multiple measures to develop the protection of biodiversity at high quality.

In 2020, the forest area of ​​Kunming reached 16.6037 million mu. During the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" period, the forest coverage rate of Kunming City increased by 3.86 percentage points; the volume of forest accumulation increased by 11%, and the forest coverage and forest accumulation achieved "dual growth"; Tree famous trees are effective management and protection; Kunming implements forestry science and technology innovation projects, carried out a number of ecological greening science and technology such as the research of excellent local tree species of species and desertification. Effective repair.

Kunming has always attached great importance to the protection of biological diversity. In 2017, it not only established the Kunming biological diversity protection leadership group, but also formulated a series of local regulations, methods, or rules in accordance with the actual situation. Kunming has 6 nature reserves at all levels. During the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" period, 6 nature reserves have prepared the planning area planning.

Yuxi City has superior ecological conditions. It has the only world heritage in Asia -Chengjiang Fossil Land, La Jingshan National Nature Reserve (Xinping), and Yuanjiang National Nature Reserve. In Yuxi, a total of 736 species of Lu Shengzhen vertebrate resources 4 outline 32 meters, 112 subjects, 386, accounting for 49.53%of Yunnan.

In the continuous maintenance of biological diversity, Yuxi City has built the nourishment bases for the nourishment of carrine, Bole tree, and dumplings, and carried out the protection and relocation and protection of Yimen Cuinea. Yunnan Songliang variety variety quality resource library.

At the same time, Yuxi increased the protection of water and wetlands, took all necessary measures, and left to the greatest extent to the space for lakes. Through series of measures, the protection rate of Yuxi Wetland reached 76.76%, and the natural wetland protection rate reached 82.14%, ranking first in the province.

Since the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan", Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture has adopted a number of measures to comprehensively carry out the protection of biodiversity. He has organized special investigations such as "Ancient Tea Tree Resources Survey", "Lanke Plants Survey", "Green Peacock Survey", "A Shanxi Black Crown Gibbon Survey", "A Survey of the Equipment of the Forest Robot". According to survey statistics, Chuxiong Prefecture currently has 10 vegetation type (or vegetation group), 29 vegetation subtypes, and a total of 175 groups. Tropical rain forests and 76 ecosystem types outside the desert (alpine stream beach).

In order to promote the construction of rare and unique fish protection areas in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Zhaotong fully implemented the "Nine Congress of Tackling Actions", and the 17 -seat hydropower stations were demolished. The domestic garbage treatment facilities realized the full coverage of the basin townships. The ecological environment of the upstream Chishui River Basin has improved significantly. At the same time, Zhaotong City has actively carried out proliferation and release activities to continuously restore the diversity of aquaculture. Since the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan", it has been organized in the Jinsha River, Chishui River, Hengjiang and other key waters. Thousands of, effectively improved the fishery ecological environment of key waters.

Qujing City is known as the "hometown of fish" and is the unique paradise of early fish inhabiting and reproduction in the world. Most of the ancient fish in the world today can find traces in Qujing. At present, Qujing City has become the key protection object of the inland land and waters' biological diversity priority in the "China Biological Diversity Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030)" There are many types of internal and plants. In recent years, Qujing has strengthened the construction of the relocation protection system, and the construction of rare and endangered medicinal wild plant breeding and production bases has been built.

The Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture is a unique biological diversity gene library in southern Yunnan. It is one of the two major biological diversity centers in Yunnan Province. It is an important ecological security barrier in southern country and an important genetic resource gene library in my country. In recent years, Honghe Prefecture has successively built 41 types of natural protection for natural protection areas, scenic spots, and forest parks. The system effectively protects 90%of the important ecosystems in the whole state and 85%of key protection wild animals and plants and important natural relics.

The green mountains are green, the rippling of blue waves, the reproduction of animals and plants ... vivid practice throughout Yunnan Province has drawn a beautiful picture of biodiversity shared by the whole people.

Improve the mechanism and build the cornerstone

Having a unique biological diversity is the gift of nature for Yunnan. It is the responsibility and obligation to protect this rich and precious homeland.

The perfect mechanism is the cornerstone of the protection of biological diversity. On the basis of comprehensively implementing relevant national regulations and policies, combined with the actual situation of Yunnan Province, in recent years, Yunnan Province has continued to explore the construction of the system and mechanism. In 2010, after the "China Biological Diversity Protection Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030)" was issued, Yunnan Province released the "Yunnan Provincial Biological Diversity Protection Strategy and Action Plan (2012-2030 to 2030 ) "" In the province, 6 priority protection areas were assigned, and 9 major protection areas and 34 protection actions were proposed. Essence

In order to increase protection, Yunnan Province has successively formulated the "Yunnan Biological Diversity Protection Project (2007-2020)", "Outline of Biological Diversity Protection Planning (2008-2020)", "Yunnan Province Biological Species Resource Protection and Protection and Protection and Protection of Biological Species. Using the Outline of Planning (2011-2020) "" "Outline of the Smoral Species of Extraordinary Species of Yunnan Province (2010-2020)", "Major Project Plan for Bio Diversity Protection (2016-2020)", "Yunnan Province) A series of planning plans such as diversity protection priority regional planning (2017-2030) "" "Yunnan Provincial Biological Diversity Protection Strategy and Action Plan (2012-2030)" and other series of planning plans are continuously implemented.

At present, Yunnan Province has initially established a system of biological diversity protection regulations and policy systems, and promulgated the "Regulations on the Protection of Landmade Wildlife in Yunnan Province", "Regulations on the Management of Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province", "Regulations on the Protection of precious tree species in Yunnan Province", "Yunnan Province Wetland Protection Regulations "The Regulations on the Management of Yunnan Provincial National Park" and other local regulations have taken the lead in formulating the "Regulations on the Protection of Biological Diversity (Draft) in Yunnan Province" in the country. Nine large plateau lakes such as Dianchi, Fuxian Lake, Erhai Lake, and Lugu Lake have realized the "one lake and one regulations", carried out special legislation in nature reserve, and gradually promoted the "one district and one law". At the same time, a series of related policies related to the protection of biological diversity have also been formulated, and the Lijiang Declaration, Tengchong program, and Xishuangbanna, which have released biodiversity protection.

After a long persistent efforts, the protection of biodiversity in Yunnan Province is at the forefront of the country. Cao Yongong, an inspector of the Ecological Environment Department of Yunnan Province, introduced that Yunnan Province only accounts for only 4.1%of the country's land area, but includes all types of ecosystems except the ocean and desert on the planet. Half of the count.

Zhao Qiaogui, a member of the Party Group, Deputy Director, and Spokesman of the Yunnan Provincial Department of Natural Resources, introduced that in recent years, Yunnan Province has passed the establishment of the province's land and space planning system and supervised the implementation of the province, comprehensively implemented the ecological restoration of the land and space Practical measures such as institutional systems actively build a new pattern of land and space development and protection, and provide strong support for ensuring the safety of ecological environment.

"Yunnan Provincial Land and Space Plan (2021-2035)" clearly states that the establishment of the "three -screen, two -zone six corridors and multiple points" ecological security pattern, focusing on protecting unique ecosystems, natural vegetation, tropical rain forests and rare endangered species to achieve maintenance The role of ecological security in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Nu River, Honghe, Lancang River and the lower reaches of the Pearl River to ensure the connection and coherence of important ecological function areas. It is the main task to improve the ecological environment and protect biodiversity in the area. The nine large plateau lakes such as Erhai Lake and the construction of important ecological nodes such as Laojun Mountain and Yingjiang Tongbi Pass. Build a biological diversity protection network, and delineate the eight major biological diversity protection areas such as the Meili Snow Mountain -Biluo Snow Mountain Cold Temperature Turbine Forest Area. Large -scale and integrated protection of its ecosystems with diverse types and obvious regional characteristics. Determine and strictly adhere to the red line of ecological protection, implement the strictest ecological environmental protection system, and the ecological protection red line is not adjusted by non -legal procedures, which can effectively reduce and weaken the interference of key areas of biodiversity for human activities, protect the threatening wild and plant community communities Habitat. Actively carry out the protection and restoration of land and space ecology, realize the sustainable utilization of natural resources and the global protection of the ecological environment. Yunnan Province has established and improved the system of ecological protection and restoration systems, and organized the preparation of the "Yunnan Province Land and Space Ecological Repair Plan (2021-2035)" , Construct a provincial, state (city), and county -level land and space ecological restoration planning system; coordinate the integration protection and restoration of landscapes, forests, lakes and sand, and the ecological protection and restoration project of Fuxian Lake Basin is included in the second batch of landscapes, forests, and grass grass ecological protection. Repairing project pilots, the total investment of the project was 9.728 billion yuan, and the biodiversity gradually recovered.

At the same time, Yunnan Province also actively explored measures and other measures of the value realization mechanism of the ecological product, accelerated the establishment and improvement of all natural resource asset management systems for all people, explored multi -benefit and multi -channel transformation paths for biodiversity protection, and strived to transform the protection results into "Jinshan Silver Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin Yin's Skin's Mountain".

Adhere to protection priority and promote the development of green industries

Under the premise of protection, all parts of Yunnan Province actively carry out sustainable use and focus on cultivating biological advantage industries. In recent years, the biological industry is becoming an important source of an important industry and farmers' income for farmers in the biological industry, showing a good situation with fast growth and good development momentum. After years of continuous guidance and strong promotion, the biological industry has become the economic development of Yunnan Province's economic development. Important pillars.

After Yunnan Baiyao, Sanqi, Gastrodia, flowers, flowers, tobacco, tea, rubber and other traditional biological industries, coffee, spices, fruits, walnuts, Chinese medicinal materials and other batch of specialty resources have gradually deepened The development prospects are broad.

Huang Bizhi, Dean of the Institute of Grassland Animal Sciences of Yunnan Province, said that the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government have launched the "three cards" to create a characteristic development of the Yunnan plateau according to the characteristics of Yunnan, positioning the road of green development in Yunnan, combined with the characteristics of Yunnan to determine the characteristics of Yunnan to determine The development path of the "8+N" industry in agricultural development is a strategic measure that combines Yunnan's actual and domestic and international development vision goals. It is a great project to benefit Qiuqiu. "Green water and green mountains are the golden mountains and silver mountains". On the basis of the protection and reasonable use of biodiversity, Yunnan will be blue, the water will be clearer, and the development prospects of the characteristic industries of the plateau will be wider.

Under the premise of protecting priority, Yunnan thoroughly explored the sustainable use of biological resources and unswervingly follow the road of green development. Cloud tea, cloud medicine, cloud flowers, cloud bacteria, cloud fruit and other biological advantages industries have gradually developed. Yunnan Province has built the country's largest walnuts, Australian nut planting and production bases, and the output value of flowers, coffee, and nuts has ranked first in the country for many years. Black -necked cranes, rhino birds, Yunnan golden monkeys, Asian elephants, white -eyebrow gibbon, etc. have become ecological travel business cards. Baoshan Baihuaying Village has won the "Chinese Community Passing the First Village", "Chinese Forest Watching First Village", "China Natural Education First Village "and other reputation.

The 63 -year -old Rumi lives in Pudatcuo National Park in Shangri -La. The average altitude is nearly 3500 meters. It has lake wetlands, forest meadows, river valley streams, rare animals and plants, etc. The original ecological environment is well preserved.

Previously, cutting trees and hunting became the daily life of the masses. A few years ago, after the establishment of Pudatcuo National Park, the community nursery policy was implemented, so that Swelish Bi had the identity of villagers and "gardens". "The subsidy and feedback for a year will be tens of thousands of yuan, and the environment is not protected, and this money is gone." Rongbi said that protecting the green mountains and green mountains, there is really Jinshan Yinshan.

The transformation of Rongbi is a microcosm of the ecological development answer of Yunling. In Yuanyang Heni terraces, the Hani people used a complex water canal system to introduce water from the peak of trees into the terraces, and build a circular agricultural ecosystem of forests, villages, terraces, and water systems "four vegetarian"; actively carry out ecological protection poverty alleviation poverty alleviation The province selected 183,000 ecological forests from the poverty -stricken people in the province, driving more than 780,000 poor people to increase the income ...

"Protect the ecological environment like protecting the eyes." The people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan practice green development concepts, explore the road of green development, and make every effort to build a world -class "three cards" of world -class green energy, green food, and healthy life destinations. The person in charge of the Yunnan Provincial Development and Reform Commission stated that it adheres to the coordination of development and protection, cares for green, and pursues the most beautiful. "Green" has become a bright background for Yunnan's high -quality leapfrog development, and the construction of ecological civilization has achieved historic breakthroughs.

Ecological resources have become the foundation and kinetic energy of the high -quality development of Yunnan Province, and the green mountains and green mountains have become the Jinshan Yinshan of the people of all ethnic groups.("Well -off" · China Well -off Exclusive Draft)

This article was published in "Well -off" in early July 2022

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