IUCN announced: White 绝 i i, the Election of the Yangtze River

Polar News reporter Chen Lingmo

At 14:00 on the afternoon of July 21 (20:00 Beijing time), the World Nature Protection Alliance (IUCN) released the global endangered species red directory update report. Among them, it was announced that Bai Yan was extinct, and the Yangtze River was extinct.

According to the latest report of the IUCN official website, 26 existing catfish around the world are facing extinction threats. The list shows that the PSEPHURUS GLADIUS is extinct, and the Aciverser Dabryanus is extinct in the wild, and the naked abdomen is extinct. The red list also improved the protection level of 7 other catfish.

The results of IUCN global catfish re -evaluation show that about 2/3 of the catfish population is extremely endangered. River and freshwater biological diversity are essential for humans and nature, but global freshwater biological diversity is continuously lost, and the river ecology is constantly degraded. Arne Ludwig, chairman of the IUCN catfish expert group, said, "the result is shocking and sad, but it is expected. The evaluation shows that the catfish still cannot remove the" most threatened group in the world in the world. 'This title. "

The report also pointed out that the main threats facing catfish facing them include: illegal trade of wild caviar and fish meat brings illegal fishing, the dams block their migration routes, and unsustainable sand and stone mining destroys them. The spawning field, and the loss of habitat.

The red list of IUCN endangered species is classified according to the decrease of the number of species, the total number of species, and the geographical distribution of the species. The highest level is "extinction", and then in order "field extinction", "extremely dangerous", "endangered" and "easy danger" and other Essence The three -year -old Asian catfish include the natural population of white ravioli, Yangtze River, and Siberia. The first two are representative aquatic species of the Yangtze River Basin. Chinese 持 still maintains the "extremely dangerous" level.

The first time the news was contacted to the only member of the IUCN catfish expert group in China and chief scientist of the Chinese Academy of Aquatic Sciences.

"The extinction of the white sturgeon and the extinction of the Yangtze River in the field of the Yangtze River sounded the alarm, and the protection of the flagship species in the Yangtze River was far away." Dangerous Wei said that the Yangtze River Zhonghua Po has not monitored natural reproduction for 5 consecutive years, and the survival situation in the wild is worrying. He said that lucky than Bai Yan was that the Yangtze River and Chinese magpies have achieved artificial insurance, but it takes greater efforts to achieve the recovery of natural population.

In May of this year, under the initiative of the danger, Wuhan Chunghwa Protection Center was established. It is worth looking forward to that with the in -depth implementation of the Yangtze River Protection Strategy, the "Yangtze River Protection Law" is officially implemented, and the fate of the Yangtze River flagship species such as the Yangtze River in the Yangtze River for 10 years is expected to usher in a new turn.

The last time I discovered the Yangtze River Bai Yan was the first day of the New Year's Day 2003

In December 2019, a research paper published by Dr. Zhang Hui and his student Dr. Zhang Hui in the international academic journal "Overall Environmental Science" revealed that it is expected that the Yangtze River Baiyan will be extinct from 2005 to 2010.

The white tadpole is huge and can reach seven or eight meters long, known as "the king of freshwater fish in China". As the saying goes, "jacks, 10,000 kg." "Lake" refers to Chinese 鲟, "Elephant" refers to the Yangtze River Baiya, which is said to be tens of thousands of pounds.

Like the Yangtze River Chinese Capita, it is one of the very few ancient fish that has been survived by the Middle School of Bai Yan who has been 150 million years ago.

The injured white puppet taken by the Yichang River

On the first day of the New Year's Eve in 2003, the scientist of the Yangtze River Aquatic Research Institute of the China Institute of Aquatic Research was the last time to rescue a Yangtze River Baiji, released and tracking. But then, the ship touched the reef, and the radio wave signal was released by Bai Yan.

No one can think that this may be the last time people discovered the Yangtze River Baiji. Lost this fish and lost the entire species.

Since 2003, scientific researchers have not discovered Baiya, nor do they have artificial breeding individuals. Earlier, people also had a front line. "Some fishermen believe that some waters in the Yangtze River still have white crickets."

The elf in the Yangtze River water was in danger. For the first time, I saw that the Yangtze River Baiji was in 1984, and it was a died white magpie under Gezhouba.

"The individual of white 非常 is very large and it is very difficult to feed." From 1984 to 1993, he rescued 4 trapped Bai Yan, who successfully rescued and returned to the Yangtze River.

Bai Yan in 1993 or has a functional extinction

In mid -September 2019, Shanghai. Focusing on the endangered assessment of more than a dozen Eurasia species such as the Yangtze River Baiji, the World Nature Conservation Alliance (IUCN) expert group will open for 3 days. Dangerous Wei and Zhang Hui participated. Earlier, IUCN and foreign experts have thought that the white magpies should be announced several times.

But this time, the danger was undergoing the evaluation results of Bai Yan's extinction. In the case of years of monitoring, in the past two years, he and the team have begun to study the current status of Baiji according to the IUCN evaluation model. For functional extinction, that is, natural population cannot be reproduced.

The conclusion of the extinction of Bai Yan is mainly based on on -site surveys and the theoretical derivation of Bai Yan's misunderstanding records. From 2017 to 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs supported the special work of the "Yangtze River Basin Resources and Environment Survey", and set up 65 survey stations in the entire river basin. More than 20 units participated. Discover Bai Yan. Theoretical derivation is mainly based on the collection of more than 80 literature and materials collected from more than 80 documents. From 1981 to 2003, a total of 210 tail -tailed white crickets were caught records, which could be pushed out of the possibility of extinction. How does IUCN define the extinction of a species? "In layman's terms, if a species has no natural reproduction and the time limit of the life of this species, no individual can be found during the period, and the species can be determined." In the Golden Shajiang area upstream of the Yangtze River, Bai Yan reproduced naturally after 1991. Before 1993, Bai Yan was caught by mistakes every two or two years, but it has not been discovered for a long time.

Artificial breeding white ravioli has only lived for 29 days

Bai Yan finally appeared in people's vision in 2003. Dangerous to Jiomu reporters recalled: On January 23 of that year, he and his colleagues rescued a white cricket in the Nanxi River section of Yibin, Sichuan, and put it on the Yangtze River on the ultrasonic tracker, but the water flow rate of the Yibin River section was too large. The signal was lost after tracking the boat. Two days later, the tracking boat fixed, but there was no signal.

"We found the Yangtze River exit from Pingshan. The small speedboat opened the entire Yangtze River dry flow and the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. It was unsuccessful to find 8 times along the river in 6 years! Sad!"

According to the "Bulletin of the Ecological and Environmental Monitoring of the Three Gorges Engineering of the Yangtze River" issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, it has not been found that Bai Yan live body has been found for 16 consecutive years since 2003.

"As the flagship species of the Yangtze River, the extinction of Baiyu reflects the state of the entire Yangtze River ecosystem." Dangerous said that Bai Yan is a fish traveling fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Essence In addition, the increase in human activities such as shipping, fishing, and pollution, especially the decrease in the Yangtze River fish, can no longer support the survival of the huge body.

"There are currently no cases of long -term feeding, and there is no retention of artificial breeding." Dangerous said that the longest survival period he had supported was 29 days, which was the tail of the tail of the Nanjing River section in 2002.

Why can't Bai Yan achieve artificial reproduction? Dangerous explanation: First, the traffic conditions were inconvenient at that time. After receiving the information of the fishermen's misunderstanding, they arrived at the scene. The requirements are high and need enough oxygen supply.

"When we have the ability to understand and help it, it hasn't appeared again." Dangerous said regretfully.

The Yangtze River China 鲟: In 30 years, it has been released with 7 million tails. Natural reproduction has not been found in 5 years.

According to the monitoring of the Yangtze River Aquatic Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, since 2017, the only natural spawning field in China, the lower reaches of the China Capital Reserve in the lower reaches of Gezhouba, has not found signs of natural reproduction of the Chinese magpies for 5 consecutive years.

"The must -have passage of the juvenile to enter the sea in Shanghai, and the monitoring has nothing to obtain." Researchers of the Yangtze River Aquatic Research Institute told Jimu Journalists.

Before the interception of Gezhouba, the Chinese spawning field was distributed in the river section of the lower reaches of the Jinsha River and about 600 kilometers upstream. It has been reported that there are more than 16 spawning places; after the flow of 1981, all the spawning venues were lost; Gezhouba was found in 1982 in 1982. Gezhouba was found in 1982 A new spawning field is formed below, and it is still the only one.

In 2013, the natural reproduction of Chinese crickets at this spawning site appeared for the first time. In 2015, the second interrupt appeared. From 2017 to 2021, there was no natural reproduction for five consecutive years. The ability has been completely lost. In the past 30 years, it has accumulated more than 7 million artificially, but its wild population has naturally unable to recover.

The "Chinese Aquatic Wildlife Protection Blue Book" released this year pointed out that my country has successively carried out a large -scale artificial proliferation and release, long -term large -scale artificial proliferation, artificial group conservation, and a large number of scientific research through species and its key habitats. It has achieved certain results. However, there are still some severe problems, such as the construction of dams, channel construction and shipping, water pollution, and urbanization, which have continued to intensify.

The Blue Book pointed out that the self -maintenance ability of the Chinese -style wild population may be lost, and the investment in basic scientific research on China is also insufficient.

According to the "China Capricorn Rescue Action Plan (2015-2030)", by 2030, the natural population of Chinese crickets must be effectively recovered, and the China -Channel's genetic gene library will be established. The ground environment has improved significantly, the artificial group conservation system is complete, and the group is stable and healthy.

On May 21, 2022, under the initiative of experts such as Danger, the Wuhan Yangtze River Zhonghua Crimine Protection Center was unveiled. This is the speed of Wuhan, which is restored by the Yangtze River, and Hubei, which protects the Chinese magpies.

"To save the Yangtze River Zhonghua, the priority is to connect the tributaries connected to the Yangtze River in Dongting Lake to rebuild the natural life of natural Chinese magpies." Dangerous said.

The protection of Chinese 标 can be divided into three levels: low, medium, and high levels: first, manual or relocated protection and maintenance and maintenance of species continuation; second, natural population can be continued, although the number of populations and geographical distribution is far less than historical level;Third, wild species and habitats and their ecological service functions have been restored and continued.Dangerous said that at present, Chinese 说 has broken through artificial reproduction and manual reproduction, and preservation species will not be theoretically feasible.However, the long -term sustainability of artificial groups requires the support of natural population inheritance. Therefore, the protection goal of Chinese 鲟 is to ensure the first level of goals and strive to achieve the second level goal. The ultimate purpose is to achieve the third level goal.

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