The National Natural Science Foundation of China "Basic Carbon" Basic Research Guidance Outline "

The carbon peaks were achieved by 2030 and carbon neutralization (hereinafter referred to as "double carbon") before 2060, which was a major strategic decision in my country. The implementation of the "double carbon" strategy is the only way to solve the restrictions of resources and environment and achieve high -quality sustainable development. It is also an inevitable choice to deal with the world's great changes, build a community of human destiny, and promote the symbiosis of nature and nature.

To achieve the "double carbon" goal, we need to change the traditional economic and social development model, promote the transformation and upgrading of energy structure and economic structure; need to change the concept of development, based on national conditions, set up and break, steadily seek progress, scientific and rational, rely on scientific and technological progress, rely on scientific and technological progress , Steadily establish a new pattern of economic and social green development.

Implementing the "double carbon" strategy will trigger a wide and profound system change, and achieve comprehensive balance and coordination between the two critical points of maximum development and minimum emission; The long-term goals and short-term goals, the government and the market: need to clarify the climate-ecosystem, energy structure, industrial structure, scientific and technological development, and socio-economic interactive network relationships, optimize the "double carbon" strategic layout, Reshape the relationship between nature-society-economic systems, and improve the coordination and optimization ability of the "dual carbon" goals and economic and social development goals.

The implementation of the "dual carbon" strategy is urgent to require comprehensive support of natural science, technology, and humanities and social sciences. Among them, the basic scientific challenges and key technical bottlenecks currently facing are mainly reflected in the six aspects shown in Figure 1: the "dual carbon" path selection and optimization of the "double carbon" path with top -level strategic significance; The scientific principles and scientific data of decision -making and action plans; re -reshaping the energy structure with a core position; the industrial structure reconstruction based on the new energy system; the ecological environment optimization of the ecological environment of energy structure transformation and industrial structure adjustment.

In order to cope with the above challenges, the National Natural Science Foundation of China on the basis of the initial layout, specially formulated the "Basic Carbon" basic research guidance outline, aiming to strengthen the above six aspects of basic research (Figure 1) to optimize and improve the "double carbon carbon) "Strategic paths and comprehensive realization of" dual carbon "strategic goals provide basic, forward -looking and leading technological support.

"Double Carbon" Basic Research Guidance Outline "is a extensive investigation and in -depth discussion of experts in relevant areas of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. , Scientific selection and the direction of funding, focus on promoting multi -disciplinary cross -crossing and research paradigm changes, and provide directional guidance for future project funding. The guidance outline may also change and adjust with the development of environmental goals and the development of technical paths.

Figure 1 "" Basic Carbon "Basic Research Guidance Outline Outline"

1. "Double Carbon" strategic path selection

Overall objective:

Focusing on key scientific issues such as "double carbon" goals and economic and social collaborative development, the theory and method system of strategic path selection of global-national-region-local-regional-local-regional-local-regional-region-region-region-region The ability to optimize the "double carbon" strategic path scientifically and scientifically.

Key areas and priority directions:

(1) The "double carbon" goals and path measures under the global vision: the best path for international climate change challenges to the global climate change; the "double carbon" realistic path analysis of the "double carbon" reality of the industrial structure, etc.

(2) The potential path of existing energy structure, science and technology, and economic and social background: The construction of carbon footprint, carbon costs, and carbon effect evaluation models of the main paths of the "double carbon" goals; the low -carbon development path in the high carbon field; The carbon row development path in the low -carbon field; the development path of negative carbonized carbonized carbon end; research on the quantitative regulation of energy storage technology of multi -path coupling.

(3) The "dual carbon" target change technology and development path: the realistic comprehensive path for the "double carbon" target; the new energy system builds the path; the transformative technical path of the efficient and safe use of new energy; Basic research and technology comparison.

(4) The "dual -carbon" path prediction and dynamic optimization: the construction of a new research paradigm of the "dual carbon" path; complex network construction of multi -level and multi -factor interactions; prediction system and path dynamic optimization research.

2. "Double Carbon" policy and management

Overall objective:

Focusing on key scientific issues such as the cost, benefits, risks, and incentives and restraint mechanisms of carbon neutrality, study the policy and management system that optimizes economic and social development and ensure national security under different "dual carbon" strategic paths, and explore the concept of human destiny community. Global climate governance mechanism to improve basic governance capabilities.

Key areas and priority directions:

(1) Comprehensive impact assessment and numerical simulation: carbon emissions and socio-economic mutual feedback mechanisms; evaluation of social and economic impact impact of carbon emission reduction; evaluation of social and economic impact impact of extreme climate and weather; Comprehensive evaluation modeling and numerical simulation.

(2) Carbon neutralized economic policy and management: carbon society cost assessment; carbon fixed price and regulatory mechanism design; carbon emission reduction industrial organization; green financial incentive mechanism; macroeconomic cycle and carbon reduction coordination management; society in carbon emission reduction; Just waiting.

(3) Carbon neutralized technical policy and management: carbon removal technical policy; business model and regulatory mechanism; disruptive energy technical policy; carbon neutralization and standardized management.

(4) Carbon neutralization and embodiment design: regional collaborative emission reduction plan and incentive mechanism; key industries collaborative emission reduction schemes and incentive mechanisms; carbon dioxide and non -carbon dioxide collaborative emission reduction schemes; carbon emission reduction and economic and social security collaboration. (5) Research on climate adaptation strategies: climate adaptation ability assessment and macro strategy; enterprise and residents adapting behavior and strategy; climate adaptation technology and policy management.

(6) Climate governance: build a global climate governance mechanism for the community of human destiny; international carbon leakage assessment and countermeasures; international climate governance and cooperation; international low -carbon technology and funding policies; carbon neutralization and laws and regulations.

3. Scientific principles and data

Overall objective:

Focusing on key scientific issues such as climate change and carbon cycles and the sensitivity of climate change, build a "dual carbon" observation and data system that can be measured, reportable, and checked "to develop a new generation of earth system models, realize the realization of The accurate estimation of carbon emissions space provides support for the selection and optimization of the "double carbon" strategic path.

Key areas and priority directions:

(1) "Double Carbon" background and climate change: sensitivity to climate change; climate elasticity and threshold; the climate effect of carbon neutralization measures; the impact of the "double carbon" path on the future climate.

(2) Carbon circulation and its mutual feedback with climate change: the formation and maintenance mechanism of natural carbon exchange; the mutual feedback mechanism of carbon circulation and climate change; the synergy effect of different greenhouse gases; the emission space assessment of different temperature control targets, etc.

(3) The new generation of earth system model: The development of a new generation of global and regional earth system models based on multi -level complex structure networks; research and development of data assimilation methods and related technologies; general support technology research and development.

(4) Observation and data: three -dimensional observation of land carbon circulation parameters; three -dimensional observation of ocean and offshore carbon circulation parameters; greenhouse gas observation and counter -and; discharge factor database and high -resolution emission list.

Fourth, the energy structure reshape

Overall objective:

Focusing on the construction and optimization of the cleaning and low -carbon safety and efficient energy system, break through the basic scientific bottlenecks behind key technologies such as the development of renewable energy, nuclear power safety and efficient utilization, smart grid regulation, and various energy storage The energy and devices of energy storage and conversion characteristics of energy development support the transformation of energy structures from fossil energy to renewable energy.

Key areas and priority directions:

(1) Efficient utilization of renewable energy: the theoretical and technologies of clean energy such as photovoltaic and wind power and the construction of large -scale grid -connected construction; the construction of filter storage and power grid intelligent high -efficiency regulation system; The principle of add value; the principle of efficient utilization of geothermal resources.

(2) Key technologies of nuclear power together: low-quality nuclear resources mining theory and technology; construction of high cost performance nuclear safety systems; using controllable high-reactivity fast neutron dry nuclear cricket-proliferative-production capacity adjustment mechanism; nuclear fuel full closed loop Construction of circulatory system; development of anti -fasting neutron radiation materials; controlling thermal nuclear fusion mechanism; principle of high -efficiency thermal power generation.

(3) Construction of secondary energy and low -carbon chemical collaboration systems such as hydrogen energy: The principle of hydrogen -making at low carbon energy for fossil energy; the construction of hydrogen energy "storage and control" integrated industrial system and the development of key materials; Process mechanism; construction of high -value process manufacturing systems.

(4) Power grid regulation and energy storage support theory: the principle of regulation of hydraulic smart grids; rapid startup of hydropower, economic longevity fixed battery mechanism; intermittent renewable energy intelligent deployment mechanism; theory of construction of electrical hydrogen source energy storage system; new power system realization Tourism, etc.

(5) Mobile energy storage power supply and transportation application: the principle of high -efficiency and safe utilization of mobile batteries; the theory of efficient mining of lithium resources; development and development of high -efficiency energy storage materials; development of high -efficiency phase -changing heat storage materials.

(6) Comprehensive development of energy resources and carbon fixation: the principles of high -efficiency exploration and development of energy resources such as land phase oil and gas; coal cleaning and utilization mechanism; carbon dioxide efficient oil -driven mechanism; principle of geological carbon capture and carbon sealing; comprehensive development principle of hydropower resources.

(7) Dynamic optimization of carbon neutrality: major change technology prediction; evaluation of key technology of energy revolution; optimization of transformation risk assessment and key links.

Fifth, industrial structure reconstruction

Overall objective:

Focusing on key scientific issues such as the reconstruction of hydrochemical keys, process and system, material structure regulation, electrification process, intelligent management and control, etc., use green carbon science concepts and multi -level and multi -scale research paradigms to explore petrochemical, metallurgy, building materials, transportation, transportation The whole life cycle carbon emission reduction mechanism and transformation path of the industry will realize the industrial reconstruction and technological breakthrough based on future energy structure and supply methods.

Key areas and priority directions:

(1) Low -carbon process industry: coupling mechanism for low -carbon chemical chemical processes; regulation mechanism for green hydrogen refining and chemical process; carbon -based resource catalytic conversion mechanism; electrochemical zero carbon negative carbon mechanism; principle Principles and regulation mechanisms of low -carbon process reconstruction.

(2) Low -carbon building system: carbonate decomposition coupling in situ restoration mechanism; green hydrogen and biomass fuel replacement process mechanism; metallurgy waste residue use mechanism; flexible intelligent carbon neutralization and operation and maintenance mechanism.

(3) Green transportation system: the energy efficiency improvement and emission reduction strategy of the vehicle system; the optimization mechanism of key materials and systems of new energy vehicles; optimization mechanisms based on transportation structure of traffic big data.

(4) Industrial low -carbon transformation path: new technical path selection strategy for low -carbon transformation in the industry; change path of hydrogen -based processes and electrification processes; all industrial ecosystems for intelligent control and resource recycling. (5) Carbon chemical and carbon utilization: an artificial photosynthetic mechanism based on the concept of green synthesis; the mechanism of carbon dioxide chemical conversion pathway; the biomass carbon oxygen structure combined with high efficiency and directional conversion; the melting salt electrolytic coupling combined carbon mechanism, etc.

(6) Intelligence of low -carbon industry: intelligent prediction and traceability of industrial carbon emissions combined with big data and mechanism analysis; production control mechanism for intelligent low -carbon operation of the entire process; coordinated optimization mechanism for industrial low -carbon manufacturing; Carbon operation control mechanism.

6. Optimization of ecological environment

Overall objective:

Focusing on key scientific issues such as the "double carbon" goal, ecological environment and human health mechanism, the scientific principles of consolidation and improvement of the carbon exchange of ecosystems and ecological environment optimization measures to adapt to the changes in energy and industrial structure, evaluate "dual carbon" The effectiveness of ecological environmental pollution under target, biological safety, biological diversity, and people's health benefits.

Key areas and priority directions:

(1) Precision calculation and prediction of carbon exchange for land ecosystems: precise assessment and comparison of the entire group of carbon sources in land ecosystems (forests, grass, farmland, shrubs); the land ecosystem of the land ecosystem under the context of human management measures and climate change Carbon exchange potential assessment.

(2) The stability of carbon signs of the land and sea ecosystem: the stability and maintenance mechanism of the ecosystem carbon exchange; the carbon circulation dynamic process and driving mechanism of the ecosystem; the carbon exchange function of the national natural protection ground system; Coordinated theory and technical principles.

(3) Procurement of carbon exchange for land and sea ecosystems: carbon capture, utilization and sealing cutting -edge technology of biological and ecosystems; the principle and effect of regional ecological engineering remittances; mode system integration of ecological engineering remittance technology; Demonstration; the scientific foundation of carbon exchange land and space management.

(4) Solidarity of pollution and carbon reduction and carbon reduction collaboration: carbon and polluting microbial molecular molecularity mechanism and application design; agricultural "double reduction" and "double carbon" relationship; agricultural planting system reduction and emission reduction and food safety; marine pollution; marine pollution Principles and technologies of prevention and control of blue carbon remittances; urban pollution prevention and carbon reduction increase.

(5) "Double Carbon" target and biological safety: Plant high -efficiency light -fixed carbon mechanism and molecular design; new high -light biological carbon capture and utilization; biological invasion and migration and carbon exchange; harmful biological epidemic and carbon exchange; "dual carbon" Biological safety assessment under target.

(6) "Double Carbon" goals and human health: carbon neutralization and human health benefits and potential risks; the health hazards of new pollutants for carbon neutralization; monitoring and health risk early warning of the pathogenic biological biodier; extreme climate change; extreme climate change Risks with human health.

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