Fire in violation of regulations, fatal homework!Fire work risk and control

Illegal fire is one of the most deadly illegal homework,

If illegal firing,

What are the consequences of facing?

Please see these two cases ...

01

The guardian is good at departure

Fire welders illegally fire to fire fire

The two were filed a public prosecution

In September 2020, the Shanghai Hongkou District Procuratorate filed a public prosecution to the defendant Ma Moumou and Li Moumou.

After investigation, on the morning of December 13, 2019, a welder Ma Moumou, a welder of Shanghai Construction and Development Co., Ltd., was at the circumstances of Li Moumou on the spot, and on the third floor platform of Shanghai Kerry Food Industry Co., Ltd. At the point, the fire -welding fire operations were performed without authorization, resulting in the splash of high temperature welding residue, and the ignition of the food oil outside the tablet car to form a yin -burning (slow burning without flames). The latter carton was transported to Shanghai Kerry Food Industry Co., Ltd.'s warehouse, which caused a fire fire, causing a fire fire, causing direct property losses to more than 28.84 million yuan.

02

Electric welders illegally cutting fires

Chairman, safety officer, electric welder, etc.

10 were detained

At 13:00 on July 14, 2019, the 47 -year -old welder Guo Moumou, when the iron frame on the second floor of the Wuhan Jianghan Hotel was cut, the illegal operation caused a fire, causing the roof of the building to be burned. On the evening of July 15, with the support of the local police, the police of the Jiang'an Branch went to Dawu County to capture Guo Moumou. The on -site judgment was a fire of the facade of the Jianghan Hotel.

After the emergency treatment of fire protection, the fire was extinguished around 17:00 on the same day. The overfire area was about 500 square meters. The accident did not cause casualties, but the roof of the roof of the hotel had been burned. At that time, the cause of the fire was caused by the welded balcony on the second -floor outdoor balcony.

According to the report of the Wuhan Public Security Bureau of Hubei Province: After the fire accident of "July 14" Jianghan Hotel, the investigation of related accident liability was launched quickly. Ten criminal suspects suspected of major liability accidents have been criminally detained by the Jiang'an District Branch of the Wuhan Public Security Bureau.

Fire cases caused by more illegal fire work

Please watch the accident warning film

Illegal fire work accident warning film

Video source: Shanghai Fire Rescue Corps

From these fire accidents,

What lessons should I learn?

How to operate according to the chapter,

Do you understand it?

Reject illegal fire work,

Strengthen fire awareness and system control!

Fire work is a common assignment for enterprises, and it is also a kind of homework with greater risks and accidents. Among the three elements of combustion, burning and ignition sources that constitute the fire, the fire work actively provided a source of ignition. Therefore, if the combustible material is not well managed, the fire will inevitably cause fire in the air environment. In the flammable and explosive places in industries such as industrial production, construction, transportation, transportation and other industries, the danger of fire operations is higher, which is the key link of accident prevention.

From the perspective of multiple accidents, an accident occurred in the fire operation.

1 Fire work link

Existing safety risk

01. Welding slag splashes, which may ignite the surrounding flammable materials

Cause fire explosion

During the fire work, if the flammable matter of the lower part of the fire point and the surroundings is not removed in time, the falling slag falling the flames will cause the fire to cause the fire. Qixia Laoshan Gold Mine accident is the welding residue dropped in the well, colliding with the well tube facilities, and bounced on the explosive packaging cardboard box, causing flammable materials such as carton to burn, which causes the trajectory to be chaotic in the cauldron's detonators and explosion cables in the caravan chamber. And explosive explosion. Another example is the "4 · 15" fire of Qilu Tianhe Huishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., which is also the process of welding slag or sparks generated by the company in the process of transformation of the basement pipeline in the basement. The refrigerant efficiency agent instantly caused degeneration and released a large amount of toxic gases such as nitrogen oxides, causing 10 on -site construction and guardians to be poisoned and suffocated.

02. Perhaps there may be around the workplace

Flammable and explosive gas

Flame or high temperature causes a combustion and explosion

If there is a combustible gas around the operating place, the source of the fire will cause burning. When the gas and the air are mixed to reach the explosion limit, it will also cause explosion.

03. The risks that exist in fire in the restricted space

The air circulation in the limited space is not smooth, and the local concentration of flammable material steam is too high. If the fire source or high temperature is encountered when the explosion limit is reached, it may cause burning. Coupled with inconvenient evacuation in the limited space, it will also increase the risk of damage to personnel. If the "6 • 15" fire accident happened at Shijiazhuang Refining Company, when welding operations were performed at the height of the chimney section of the desulfurization tower, the drops of high -temperature falls such as welding melting beads and chip heads fell on the dehumidar. In the end, the entire cavity fire was caused by the absorption section of the desulfurization tower, and the personnel could not escape. The high -temperature toxic flue gas generated caused 4 operators to be killed.

04. The system is not effectively isolated during fire operations

Flammable and combustible material skewers cause burning after entering the system

Before the fire work, if the operating system is not completely isolated from the equipment and facilities with materials around, there may be material abnormal string into the system, causing fire explosion accidents. For example, the "4 · 30" fire accident of the Ordos Huae Coke Company in Inner Mongolia is that the operator did not effectively cut off the source of the gas when working on the top of the electric catcher, which caused the gas leakage and burning.

05. The workman's skills are low,

The risk -fire work brought by the unlicensed job belongs to high -risk operations. The state stipulates that operators need to obtain special homework qualifications to go to work. Personnel skills without security skills and the corresponding qualifications are low, and they cannot meet the operating requirements. Various risks brought by the operation process are unpredictable. Qixia Laoshan Gold Mine accident revealed a serious problem of the contractor's use of fake special operation certificates. The flashing accident of Jian'er Jinfeng Chemical Gas Co., Ltd., Fujian Province, has a fire -free person who hires a fire. The acetylene gas in the cabinet was detected and the concentration detection was performed, which finally caused the explosive mixture to flash.

06. When qi welding operation,

Oxygen cylinder, acetylene bottle management is not good,

May bring fire and explosion

Oxygen bottles and acetylene bottles are stress containers. When the fire is fired, the gas cylinder is not placed properly. The gas cylinder that is too close to the fire point is easy to be baked at high temperature and the gas cylinder physical explosion occurs. If the flame returns to the acetylene cylinder, it will also cause acetylene explosion in the gas cylinder.

07. Use electric welding machine operation

It may cause personnel to shock and gas

The welding operation involves temporary electricity wiring and electrical lines. If the existence of the wires is exposed, the wiring is incorrect, and the leakage protection measures are not perfect. The insulation in the humid container is poor, which may cause personnel to shock personnel. Using electric welding machines in an environment with abundant gas, if the welding machine is spark, it may also cause the gas near the operating point.

08. The surrounding environment of the work site

The risk brought to the fire work

If there are pits, holes, or guardrails, and covering boards in the operating venue, it may cause damage such as loss of footsteps and sliding down; insufficient lighting at the scene may also cause misunderstanding and misunderstanding of operators.

09. Entering others in the ban on the fire zone

The risk caused by non -bright fire operations

GB30871 has included the operations of electric drills, sand wheels, etc. in the forbidden area of ​​the fire zone. The reason is that these equipment will produce sparks and high temperatures during the work process, which may cause fire, explosion or other thermal decomposition reactions. For example, the "5 · 12" explosion accident of Shanghai Saike Petrochemical Company is to use non -explosion -proof drills in the benzene jar. June 9 "Degeneration accident is also when the operator uses non -explosive shovel and polishing machine to remove rust on the outer wall of the oil tank, the spark generated by the instrument causes fuel gas and causes explosion.

10. Fire outside the device,

It may have an impact on the material in the device

Fire on the outer wall of the device will cause the equipment itself to heat up. If there is materials in the device, it may be heated or even exploded. For example, Linyi Ford Chemical Corporation's "3 • 3" explosion accident is to continue welding when welding the outer bracket of the storage tank of chemicals, which leads to the local high temperature of the outer wall of the tank, causing residual hybrid gas to blast; 19 "Burning accidents were also operating at the top of the storage tank, and the welding spark caused the residual material in the tank, causing a degenerate to cause 1 person to fall from a high place to death.

11. Other homework near the fire work site

The risk brought to the fire work

Crossing operations and other assignments that may affect fire safety at the fire work site will affect the safety fire. Such as the loading and unloading operation of flammable materials near the fire site, the same operations between different heights, etc.

12. When the fire work, the risk brought by improper emergency disposal

During the fire work, if there is no emergency facilities or lack of emergency response capabilities at the work site, once the danger is in danger, it will not be processed or improperly processed in time, which will expand the danger.

2

Risk of fire work

Control measure

To do a good job of the risk control of fire work, we must formulate corresponding control measures for various risks that may exist in the fire operation. For example, GB 30871-2014 stipulates the requirements of hierarchical management in the factory area, and is divided into special, first and second-level fires according to the possible flammable and explosive materials of the operating venue, and proposes to each level of fire operations for each level of fire operations. Different approval management requirements are also required to be remedied for festivals, holidays and other special circumstances. The revised GB 30871 has also added the requirements of the management of public holidays and night fire.

In order to control the risk of fire operations, the following control measures should be taken.

01

. Be prepared before homework

Before the operation, the territorial units should deal with the workplace for pre -processing to meet the fire safety requirements. For example, cleaning, pipelines and pipelines that carry materials are cleaned, transfers in an inert gas replacement, and apply blind plates to the production system isolation. Properly covered or cleared the ditch, potholes, oil pollution, well -sealing, and sewage wells that may exist at the operation site. For places that can produce flammable and explosive, toxic and harmful substances, it should also be used for cleaning or sealing. Protective measures such as cover.

02.

To do a good job of security before homework

Before the homework, the local personnel should be informed of the operation site and surrounding conditions to the intended to implement the fire work. , Preparation of emergency facilities, guardians, emergency contact conditions, etc.

03.

To do a good job of detection and analysis of flammable and explosive gas

For places that may have flammable and explosive gas, gas test should be performed in advance. For fire operations that need to enter the limited space, it should also detect the oxygen content and toxic gas content to ensure that within the scope of safety, it may occur and may occur. Continuous monitoring should be implemented in the places of explosive gas. Once the limit occurs, the operation should be stopped immediately. When the device fires outside, it should be tested in the equipment and gas in the pipeline. 04

. To do a good job of approval before homework

The operating ticket is an important certificate for the approval of the fire work. Before the operation, the job ticket must be strictly approved to confirm the determined risk prevention measures. Different levels of fire work tickets stipulate different approval levels. The higher the level of operation, the stricter the approval is.

05

. To do a good job of safety protection work for cross -work

Try to minimize multi -type and multi -level cross -operation, and avoid cross -crossing operations to the greatest extent. When cross -operation is required, it should be coordinated and managed by a special person.

06.

To clarify the guardian of the homework site

The fire work site must be equipped with a guardian, supervise the operation throughout the process, supervise operators to obey the rules and obey the discipline, and deal with various dangerous situations that may occur during the operation in a timely manner.

07

. To do a good job of controlling and controlling in a special period

In holidays and other special circumstances, there are few businessmen and weakened management. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fire -fire operations. GB 30871-2014 proposes the requirements of rearing management in the holidays and other special circumstances. The revised GB 30871 also increased the requirements of rearring management at night and night. The purpose was to strengthen risk control over the special period.

08.

To implement the measures for a good -level fire work

Special -level fire work is the most risky in fire work, and it needs to attach great importance to the operating unit. GB 30871-2014 stipulates that it is necessary to maintain a positive pressure state when fire on flammable and explosive equipment pipes. It is strictly forbidden to negative pressure on the system. If necessary, continuously detect nearby combustible gas concentrations.

09

. To do a good job of the management of gas cylinders and welding machines

GB 30871-2014 stipulates that when using gas welding and air-cutting fire operations, the acetylene bottle should be placed upright, the distance between the oxygen cylinder should not be less than 5m, and the distance between the two from the operation location should not be less than 10m. The revised GB 30871 stipulates that the "acetylene bottle should be equipped with a fire -fire device", which increases the distance between the welding machine and the fire point when using the welding machine. For management requirements, acetylene bottle should be installed with a fire -ignition device.

10. To do a good job of obtaining evidence from the operator

Personnel engaged in fire work must obtain the homework qualification certificate after assessment, and have the corresponding skills before they can work. Those who have no license or a certificate of not being reviewed in time are strictly prohibited.

11.,

To do a good job in the management of a fixed fire zone

Enterprises set up a fixed fire zone, and the equipment and facilities that can be offline will be dismantled from the device and operate in a fixed fire zone to avoid the possibility of fire explosion.

12.

Do a good job of managing equipment

The equipment used in the ban on the fire area must be explosion -proof, otherwise it should be managed in accordance with the fire work to avoid spark exploding gas.

3

Conclusion

In the process of enterprise production and operation, the risk of fire operations is objective, but the fire work is essential. Therefore, the risk must be recognized correctly before the operation, and the risk of correct measures should be taken to control the risks, so that the fire work is always carried out under the control of the risk. Only in this way can the accident be avoided. (Author: Sun Zhiyan, Director of the Office of the Technical Committee of the Chinese Chemical Safety Association)

- END -