Returned scientist 丨 Zhang Xingxuan: Scientific reporting to the country to support golden stone life

Born on October 16, 1921, Zhang Xingzhang was born in Wuyi County, Hebei Province. Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, one of the founders in the field of metal physics in my country. He graduated from the Department of Mining and Metallurgy of Wuhan University in 1942, received a master's degree in physics and metallurgy from the American Academy of Science and Technology in 1949, and a PhD in Physics Metallurgical Metallurgy in Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1952. In the early 1950s, the deformation and fracture mechanism of pure aluminum and its dual -phase alloys in the United States systematically studied in the United States, especially the inter -grain boundary behavior. In 1955, he returned to China as a professor of Beijing Iron and Steel Industry (now Beijing University of Science and Technology). During the visit to the U.S. Institute of Technology in 1989, he conducted a fine study. According to the test evidence, using the view of deformation coordination or hindrance, the model of the formation and dissemination of the crystal crack formation and dissemination systematically clarifies the relationship between crystal behavior and high temperature intensity, plasticity, and fracture. He has achieved significant achievements in the field of high temperature intensity and super plasticity, and has won the National Natural Science Award Prize and National Science and Technology Progress Award.

From young to youth, Zhang Xingzhang always adhered to his studies in the leisurely departure, and his dream of strengthening scientific exploration in the hard tempering. Looking back at Zhang Xingzhang's centennial scientific life scroll, every choice is inseparable from the support of scientific reporting to the country. Every time I move forward, he has created his hard and pure golden stone life.

Study to report to the country, associated with golden stone majors

On October 16, 1921, Zhang Xingzhang was born in a traditional northern clan -style family in Cui Village, Wuyi County, Hebei Province. Due to the early revealing the talent and diligence and hard work, he was arranged by his family at the age of 5 to enter the village. At that time, Zhang Xingxuan had a good study, thereby changing his family's economic status and social status in everyone's ethnic group. At the age of 10, he went to the new school in Yantai, Shandong to complete the primary small courses and high primary courses, and became interested in modern science.

After the September 18th Incident, due to the changes in the domestic war, Zhang Xingzhang moved to Tianjin to continue his studies with his loved ones. In 1935, in order to reduce the burden on the family as soon as possible, Zhang Xingxuan, who wanted to enter high school and studied in college, was helplessly admitted to the Mechanical Department of the Higher Vocational Department of Tianjin Hebei Institute of Industry and was admitted. Although he chose this major out of his original intention, he still studied very hard. As the magic claws of Japanese imperialism gradually extended to North China, in 1936, the student movement broke out in Tianjin, and the mighty parade and loud slogans inspired Zhang Xingzhang's patriotic enthusiasm. "The country rises and falls, and the husband is responsible" has triggered a strong resonance in his heart, and the ideal of "saving the country" replaced the idea of ​​simply struggling for the family in the past.

In 1937, Zhang Xingzhang went to Shanghai to study again. After the Battle of Songhu, Shanghai fell, and Zhang Xingxuan, 16, discussed with progressive classmates and decided to abandon his studies, go to Yan'an, and participate in the Anti -Japanese War in the Red Base. Later, he was stranded in Wuhan due to various difficulties. In the second year, with the support of friends, Zhang Xingzhang was admitted to the Department of Mining and Metallurgy of Wuhan University to continue his studies, and he has since been associated with Jinshi.

During this period, Wuhan was also destroyed by the Japanese air strikes. The people went out of the city to take refuge and displaced them. Wuhan University also moved to Leshan in Sichuan due to the war. The desire for saving the picture deeply awakened Zhang Xing's national consciousness, and he continued to think about the way to save the country. He joined the "Anti -Japanese Issue Research Association" of the student progress group, and officially joined the Communist Party of China, determined to dedicate life for the country and the nation. His teacher is also the leader Shao Xianghua on the science road, "It is not only one way to serve the country to serve the country, and it is not a way to use science and technology and industry to save the country." In his heart, he began to study the relevant knowledge of steel smelting. This also lays a solid foundation for Zhang Xing's golden stone life in the future.

Study in the United States to study in the United States, the foundation of the foundation metal creep is studied

After World War II, the technology was booming, and the study of the basic field of metal materials was at the forefront of the world. Because of the annual war, the development of modern science and technology has fallen behind, and the research in the field of metal physics is still blank. In 1942, after graduating from Zhang Xingzheng, he was engaged in the related technical work of steel smelting. In a few years, he deeply felt that he and the country's lack of professional and knowledge reserves. In order to fill the gaps in related fields, in 1947, he applied for public expenses to study in the United States for further studies.

When he first arrived in the United States, the gap between the domestic steel industry and the US steelmaking company in front of him made him startled. He deeply realized that the past knowledge structure could not meet the requirements of the modern steel industry. He deeply felt that his system theoretical foundation was weak. In addition to participating in night school training in the United States, he also applied for a professional study of systems in the United States. First, I studied the Keis Institute of Technology, then admitted to the full scholarship to the MIT of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and began to follow Professor Grant of Metal Physics to study and study the field of metal creep.

Metal creep research was a basic discipline, and the research content was obscure and belonged to cutting -edge science at the time. To do a good job of metal creep can provide a solid theoretical foundation for metal smelting and processing. Zhang Xing is not afraid of challenges, facing difficulties, and has been drunk in the laboratory and classroom for many years. A few years later, he finally achieved fruitful research results and published a large number of high -quality papers. His papers were regarded as one of the foundations in this field. MIT evaluates his doctoral dissertation thesis is "pioneering, high -value theory with far -reaching influence, and filling a gap in metal creep theory." Return to the country hard, the belief in returning to the country is better than Jin Jian

After the founding of New China, Zhang Xingzhang, who was far away from the United States, was excited to study abroad. He said to everyone: "After the successful school, we must go back to China and build our New China together." The glory, strong treatment, and unreasonable obstruction in the United States could not shake his belief in returning home.

In 1952, Zhang Xingzhang, who obtained a doctorate degree, was going to return to China. Faced with obstruction from various aspects, he and his classmates rally, which was the then US president and the United Nations Secretary -General. He and several representatives of the international students drafted the joint letter of Premier Zhou Enlai, expressing the urgent expectations of the motherland. In the years of studying at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Zhang Xingxuan met his friends such as Shi Changxu and like -minded Lin Zhengxian, Li Hengde, Wang Zhizhong and other friends. Zhang Xingzhang, Shi Changxu, and Lin Zhengxian rented a set of apartments in Boston together, which also became a venue for Chinese students to return to China in Boston.

After the mediation between China and the US government, on April 4, 1955, the US government issued a notice of Chinese students "can leave the United States". Zhang Xingzhang was listed. His instructor advised him to stay in the United States, not to give up the superior scientific research environment of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and persuaded him to find a Chinese as a wife in the United States. Zhang Xingxuan just smiled. Returning to China is his belief that he has been holding, and keeping single is also afraid of a family dragging. He sold his car in the United States and used most of the savings in the United States to buy various professional books. After some twists and turns, he successfully boarded the "Cleveland Presidential" cruise ship and set foot on the return range of home. In 1955, Zhang Xingyu finally set foot on the land of the motherland.

Dedicate for the country and cast the life of immortal scientific research

After returning to China, the motherland gave him two units to choose from: the Chinese Academy of Sciences Metal and Beijing Iron and Steel Industry Institute. Considering that the New China at this time is waiting for the construction, it is when the construction of the employers is invited by the Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel Industry and engaged in the research and teaching of metal physics in the Department of Physics and Chemistry.

In the 1960s, the Chinese government made a strategic decision to develop an atomic bomb "verification". A paper -tuned order, he gave up the existing basic teaching and research cause, and came to the Gobi Beach in Qinghai without hesitation, devoted himself to the research and manufacturing work of nuclear weapons, and successively served as deputy director and director of the experimental department of the China Nuclear Institute of Nuclear Wealth. He has made important contributions to the research and manufacturing of nuclear weapons in my country and the development of Chinese nuclear weapons to develop and cultivate young scientific and technological talents.

Under his participation, the experimental department successfully completed the need to explode physical experiments. On October 16, 1964, with a loud noise in Lop Nur, my country's first atomic bomb exploded successfully. Before Zhang Xingzhang and his colleagues had time to celebrate, he devoted himself to the development of nuclear bombs and the development of hydrogen bombs. On July 26, 1997, Zhang Xingzhang was invited to visit the United States, representing the Chinese government's report on the "Protection of China Nuclear Materials" at the "International Atomic Seminar". His report allowed the world to once again recognize China's attitude and position on nuclear materials and nuclear weapons. In the report, he emphasized the proposition of China's peaceful development, and to a certain extent changed the view of the world's public opinion on the nuclear issue.

Today, Zhang Xingzhang, who is 100 -year -old, is still concerned about the development of national science and technology and provides suggestions for the development of the motherland's scientific research field. He emphasized that the importance of useful basic research on the development of application science is emphasized. From the earliest metal physics to the research of nuclear materials, Zhang Xingzhang always put basic research in the primary position of development science and technology. It is believed that only by consolidating the foundation can we realize the technology and technology of science and technology.

Article Source: "Learning Times" July 20, 2022, 6th edition 6

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