Shi Tong Ding

In December 1981, farmers in Huangdui Township, Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province, found a cellar when the land was flat in the lower vortex gap in the southeast of the village, and unearthed two bronze tripods, and then reported and sent the unearthed utensils to the Fufeng Cultural Management Office. The Zhouyuan Museum immediately sent someone to the scene to investigate and clean up, found that the cellar mouth opened under the cultivation of the soil, and broke a gray pit in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. There are about 200 square meters of platforms in the west of the cellar, which have exposed several stones laid, a large amount of braised soil accumulation, fire to the ground, etc., which are the base address of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Two bronze tripods unearthed in the cellar this time, one is the same as the teacher, and the other is a string pattern.

The division of Dingtong is 35 cm high, the diameter is 34 cm, the abdomen depth is 20.5 cm, and the weight is 10.5 kg. Ding is a stiff ear, flat mouth, deep abdomen, bottom, hoof foot, the standard instrument shape of the late Western Zhou Dynasty. The edge of the mouth is decorated with a ring line and convex string pattern for a week, and the two concave string patterns on the outside of the ear. There are obvious division lines under the abdomen, which are double triangles of the yang pattern.

There are inscriptions in the inner wall of Ding's abdomen 7 lines and 54 words. The copper beans, tripod, and shop of the enemy are used to cast the bronze tripod for sacrifice, and the descendants of the descendants Sun Yongbao.

Regarding the era of division Tong Ding, the Fufeng Cultural Management Office based on the inscriptions of Tongxuan and Yongyu, and judging the era of division Tong Ding should be late in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Li Xueqin believes that the person who is not in the same teacher is not the same as the teacher. The "teacher" and the "teacher" of the division should be the same person in the inscription of Yongyu, and the teacher should appear at the time of the king. Wang Leisheng studied the era of Shi Tong Ding from five aspects, and believed that Shi Tongding should be a periodic instrument.

The biggest controversy about Shi Tong Ding comes from the interpretation of the first sentence. Some scholars have proposed that the first sentence lacks a subject, and the name suddenly believes that the division Tong Ding may be one of the dings. Dingdang with the subject content is in other Ding, but these Ding has not yet discovered. Li Xueqin believes that Ding Ming lacks records of the year and month, and it is estimated that half of the same shape may be on the same shape, and there may even be two instruments. Wang Hui believes that the inscription does not afford to the year and the month, not a sudden definition. At present, whether or not the tripods unearthed in the tomb of the Zhou Dynasty are the same, the inscriptions are the same. Even if it is Lie Ding, because the teacher and the inscriptions are basically complete, although there is a lack, it only lacks less words. If there is an inscription on the other trip, there is an inscription with it, which is not reasonable. Li Ling believes that although the inscriptions are divided into casting, the connection of the Ying division is extremely rare, and the scale of the war is not large.

Ding Tong Ding Ming's inscriptions provided important information about studying the history of the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty and the relationship between the northern minorities of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The inscription describes the capture 120 bronze war products in a war, including Jin Yan, Rong Ding, Shop, and Sword. These are common bronzes used by ethnic minorities in the north. In the past, many bronze wares in the northern grassland cultural style appeared during the Warring States Period, and Shi Tong Ding Ming confirmed that the bronze wares in Rongren's life during the Western Zhou Dynasty were quite common, and the Rongren culture was relatively advanced.

The teacher is the name of the device, the official position is the teacher, in charge of the primary school, responsible for educating the prince and noble children. "Shi Tong" also appeared on Yongyu unearthed in Lantian in 1969. Yongyu is an utensil in the mid -Western Zhou Dynasty. In the inscription of Yongyu, although Shi Tong has served, his status is low, listed at the end of the person who participated in the delivery of the field. Li Xueqin believes that he has worked as a royal family: King of the King, King Xiao, and Wang.

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Yang Shumingwen

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