Expert Interpretation ｜ "Technical Guide to See Water Quality Standards (Trial)" related issues

In order to protect the marine environment and promote the benchmark work of marine environment, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Technical Guide to the Standards for Water Quality Democracy (Trial)" (HJ1260-2022) (hereinafter referred to as the "Guide"). This is the first criterion for guidance and standardization of the benchmark of my country's marine environment. Relevant experts answered related issues.

Question: What is the significance of the introduction of the "Guide" to my country's marine environmental protection?

Researcher Yao Ziwei, a National Marine Environment Monitoring Center: The benchmark of marine environment is an important part of the modern ecological environment governance system. Important support.

The current "Sea Water Quality Standards" (GB3097-1997) played an important role in my country's marine pollution prevention work, but when the standard was formulated at the beginning Reference. For marine biological water quality benchmarks, due to the differences in derivation methods and focus on species, there are large differences in marine water quality benchmarks formulated by different countries and even the same country in different periods. In the case of conditions permit, countries should carry out relevant reference research in accordance with the characteristics of their own marine ecological environment.

The introduction of the "Guide" is of great significance for strengthening the research on the benchmark of my country's marine environment, accelerating the transformation and application of research results, and improving the level of marine ecological environmental protection.

Question: From the 1980s to the present, some developed countries and international organizations have released marine biological water quality benchmarks. In contrast, what are the unique methods and technical requirements of the Guide?

Researcher Wang Ying of the National Marine Environment Monitoring Center: Since the 1980s, environmental management departments of countries and international organizations such as the United States, the European Union, the Netherlands, Australia/New Zealand and Canada have been released in accordance with their environmental management needs and water environmental pollution conditions, and they have successively released them one after another. Protect the water quality benchmarking technical guide to protect the aquatic creature (freshwater creature and marine life), as well as the water quality benchmark for protecting marine life. During the preparation of the "Guide", the results of the scientific research at home and abroad were fully absorbed and learned from the results of the scientific research at home and abroad.

In terms of methodology, it is stipulated that the use of species sensitivity distribution method to derives the benchmark of marine life water quality. ) The method used.

In terms of technical requirements, the characteristics and work foundation of my country's marine ecosystems are fully considered: first, the toxic data of my country's marine species is required to derive the benchmark of marine biological water quality; second, according to the distribution of the species of my country's marine ecosystem The "5 subjects and 8 types" of the characteristics of the biological zone system are required for minimum toxic data; the third is the calculation method of the same effect of homogeneous acute value/chronic values, which solves the problems of different types of toxic effects in different types of toxicity effects. The purpose of my country's marine species has currently put forward this technical requirement in the world.

Question: The "Guide" proposes how to consider the "5 subjects and 8 types of" minimal toxic data needs based on the characteristics of my country's marine biological zone?

Researcher Yan Zhenguang, Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences: According to statistics, there are more than 3,000 species of microalgae and large algae in my country, accounting for 11%of the total number of marine species in my country; He is the main animal door of the waters in my country, with a total of more than 17,000 species, accounting for 59%of the total number of marine species in my country. The number of marine species in the key category of marine life in my country accounts for more than 70%of my country's total marine species.

In order to enable marine biological water quality benchmarks to reflect the characteristics of my country's marine ecosystems, and determine one of the basic principles of the demand for the minimum toxic data required for the benchmark is that the species of seawater test should cover the key category of marine life in my country. 1 family of large algae, 2 families in the chitoids of the animal door of the limb, 1 family in the hard bone fish of the ridge animal door; other biological doors, such as the animal doors, the software animal door, the furry animal door, the wheels and animal doors, etc. 1 family, or 1 family that is not used in crustaceans and hard bone fish.

Regarding the minimum toxic data requirements of 8 species, we mainly consider the following two aspects: from the perspective of mathematics statistics, the more the number of species, the better the effect; From an angle, if the toxic data covers key biological groups, then the benchmark value of more than 8 species is within the acceptable range. Australia/New Zealand water quality benchmarking technical guidance is the "good" criterion in the minimum toxic data requirements of the minimum toxic data requirements.

At the same time, from the perspective of protecting the diversity of marine life and marine ecological ecology, it is clear that foreign invasive species should not derive the test species as the benchmark, such as marine microalgae that produces algae toxins, and mutual flowers and grass that compete with local species.

Question: We noticed that the "Guide" has a big difference in the exposure time of different types of marine life. How do you consider it?

Professor Tan Qiaoguo at Xiamen University: The "Guide" is based on the standard testing method of marine ecological toxicology at home and abroad. In order to protect my country's marine species more targeted, on the basis of analyzing the life history and reproductive characteristics of different types of marine species, Seven -category 43 family -class organisms such as insect animals, links, software, animal animals, limb animals, furry animals, and spine animals have proposed differentiated exposure time. For acute toxic tests, the generation cycle of the fold tailworm is only about 2 days. It is recommended that the exposure time is not more than 48 hours. For most nodular animals and fish, the generation cycle is longer, and it is recommended to expose no more than 96 hours. For chronic toxic tests, the corners such as the Mongolian naked belly are 5-7 days, and the exposure time is not less than 5 days. Its exposure time requires no less than 21 days. Question: As the deputy chairman of the National Environmental Standards Expert Committee, I would like to ask you to talk about it. What work does it need to be promoted during the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period?

Researcher Wang Juying of the National Marine Environment Monitoring Center: The benchmark of marine environment mainly includes the marine biological water quality benchmark and sediment quality benchmark for protecting the marine ecosystem, preventing the nutritional nutrient benchmark of water bodies, and the health benchmark for the people of consumer sea products and marine entertainment. Wait.

The study benchmark of my country's marine environment began in the 1980s and made certain progress. For example: Related research provides direct technical support for the formulation of the "Ocean Deposition Quality" (GB18668-2002); the national "863" special "research on the key technology of the marine environmental effect threshold for the typical organic pollutants of the land source into the sea" and the marine Public welfare scientific research special "Research and Development of the Quality Beatal/Standards/Standards for Sea Water Water" has won the first prize and one second prize of the Marine Engineering Science and Technology Award.

my country's sea area spans temperate, subtropical and tropical, and marine ecosystems are diverse. From the perspective of protecting my country's marine ecosystem, during the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period, to protect the integrity of my country's marine ecosystem as the fundamental period, it is necessary Pollutant marine biological water quality benchmarks, carry out the research of ecological risk thresholds for new pollutants such as endocrine interference, and develop the water quality benchmark for key seas such as the Bohai Sea and South my country Sea based on classified partitions.

Experts in the field of marine environmental benchmark research are distributed in different institutions. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" marine environmental benchmark work, the role of the think tank platform of the National Environment Standards Expert Committee should be given full play to the role of the national environment. Joint research, through cooperation in wider space and higher levels, contribute wisdom and strength to the benchmark work of my country's marine environment, better serve my country's marine ecological environment protection, and meet the urgency of accelerating the modernization of ecological civilization governance systems and governance capabilities need.

Supply 丨 Editorial Division of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment | Shangyu Review | Zhang Bing

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