Promote the development of agricultural scale operation organizations in the process of common prosperity

In 2022, the Central Document No. 1 focused on the countryside again, emphasizing that it is necessary to promote high -quality development and common prosperity in rural revitalization. The achievements of the above goals are inseparable from the development of agricultural scale operation organizations. This is because agricultural scale operating organizations with technical and funding advantages can play a leading role in the high -quality development of agricultural and rural areas. On the other hand, because of the left -behind rural areas As far as farmers are concerned, employment of local employment means that family income increases. Agricultural scale operations provide the opportunity to increase their revenue and become rich for employment operations. The functions of agricultural scale operating organizations in high -quality development and common prosperity determine that the government needs to guide and promote its development. However, in actual development, there are large differences in operating efficiency in agricultural scale operating organizations with different business models. Among the multiple factors affecting its development, the supervision and management of employment labor determined by agricultural production characteristics is particularly critical.

The evolution of Chinese social transformation and agricultural development

One of the structural characteristics of China's agricultural development is that the proportion of agriculture in the national economy is gradually decreasing, and the proportion structure of developed countries is getting closer. However, the income of Chinese agricultural practitioners not only has a certain gap with the income of agricultural practitioners in developed countries, but also has a certain gap compared with the income of domestic non -agricultural practitioners. Under this structure, the production enthusiasm of agricultural practitioners has been suppressed, and even the rural areas in some areas have begun to appear in the countryside or seasonal bars.

Previously, due to limited employment opportunities for migrant workers, farmers could only be operated by land and agricultural operations. When farmers put excess labor on the agricultural land, agriculture obtained the maximum output due to fine cultivation, but the development of this "transliteration" is at the cost of the decline in the marginal income of farmers. In other words, the more resource structures of the Chinese people make the output efficiency of the unit's land and the output efficiency of the unit's labor. However, with the development of urbanization and industrialization, a large number of rural labor force flows, it has caused the necessary labor for agricultural production in the family to start a shortage. This transformation directly affects the development of Chinese agriculture, especially affecting the relationship between the family and the agricultural service system. In the case of sufficient family labor, the construction of the agricultural service system is mainly based on prenatal and postpartum production, and the production in production is left to the family; when the family agricultural labor is short, the agricultural service system is expanded from prenatal and postpartum expansion. In the during the production, the full coverage of prenatal, medium and postpartum is formed. Agricultural mechanization services, agricultural production custody services, etc., which are constantly emerging in rural areas across the country, are essentially undertaken by market -oriented subjects that have been undertaken by the previous family labor.

What needs to be seen is that the advancement of urbanization and industrialization has led to the trend of non -agriculturalization in rural labor. It is urgent to cultivate new types of agricultural operations and develop scale operations to ensure the safety of the country. At the same time, in the new agricultural management system, the family operations of small farmers cannot be ignored. It is still the main body of the current agricultural operation. Organizational foundation and social foundation for large -scale operating organizations.

The management of the agricultural scale operation organization and its dilemma

Unlike the small farmers' setting of production units and consumer units, and mainly relying on the contracted land and labor in the family, the production of agricultural scale operating organizations is mainly based on employment labor, and the capital accumulation is guided. Mainly rely on circulating a certain scale of land and hire labor for production. The agricultural scale operating organization can hire or dismissal labor according to the amount of workload, so it can eliminate the "over -definition" problem that has long -term trouble in China's agricultural development. Essence

After the agricultural scale operation organization is transferred to the land, or the land is packed to "managing", it can achieve "vertical integration" operation by providing prenatal and postpartum services; or in a "horizontal integration" method of Unified production. If the agricultural scale operation organization adopts the "vertical integration" operation method and package the land to "control", then it is still similar to the family labor operation of small farmers at the operation and management level. Its contracted land, and the "management" operates the rental land of agricultural scale operations. If agricultural scale operation organizations adopt a "horizontal integration" business method, then it will directly involve the production process of agriculture and supervise and manage the employed labor force, while the latter directly affects the operating performance of agricultural scale operation organizations. Essence

For the operation and management of foreign agricultural scale operation organizations, economics and management have conducted in -depth analysis from the perspective of factors investment and operating efficiency, while the research of sociology focuses more on embedded analysis of operating entities and local society. Organize social attributes. From the perspective of sociological perspective, the employment relationship between the operating entity and the employment is not a simple, pure market exchange relationship or a "exploitation -exploitation" relationship, but a labor cooperation relationship with action ethics. This path analysis naturally needs to place the employment relationship in the dual structure of the market structure and the village social structure, and examine how the market logic and action ethics together shaped the employment relationship in the organization.

The dual embedded characteristics of the operating activities of agricultural scale operating organizations, that is, at the same time embedded in the labor market structure and the village social structure, has a complex impact on its internal governance. On the one hand, it will make agricultural scale operating organizations with funding, technology and market advantages, and have initiative in labor selection and employment due to the scarcity of local society, forming a "dominance" of employment workers. But on the other hand, local employees who occupy the advantage of the "landlord" may use the structure of the local society to play a game with the structure of the local society. It is precisely because the business entity and employment workers have an advantage in the labor market structure and village structure, so when the lack of effective interest coordination mechanisms, both parties are likely to perform opportunities based on their own advantages, which leads to damage to the interests of both parties. For an employer familiar with the organization of agricultural scale, if you want to achieve the success of the operation, you must know that you must "take root" villages and use farmers' actions and local authority to improve organizational operations. The management of agricultural scale operation organizations will allocate the control of the organization according to the attributes of their own crops (mechanical substitution, labor -intensive, etc.), and the right to determine the tasks in the organization, incentive settings and inspection and acceptance rights in the organization are on their own , "Agent", "Workers" and the optimized configuration between ordinary employees. Promote the common prosperity of both workers in agricultural scale operations

In the development of agricultural scale operations, promoting common prosperity is not to hire the two parties to "wealth", but to promote the win -win development of both parties, especially to promote the income of farmers in the disadvantaged, so that they will share the dividends of reform and development. Due to the limited labor employment space for left -behind rural areas, and local employment means increasing household income, employment labor has formed a symbiotic relationship with the employees in agricultural scale operation organizations. Win to achieve common prosperity. However, as the previous article analyzes, agricultural scale operation organizations have dual embedded characteristics. The operating entity and employment worker have local advantages in the interactive game. In interactive dilemma. In order to avoid the occurrence of this dilemma, it is necessary to based on hiring the symbiotic interests of both parties. On the one hand, on the one hand, the optimization path of internal governance mechanism is discussed at the organizational management level. Interest expression and interest coordination mechanism, avoid the opportunityism and conflict of employment parties, and promote the achievement of the win -win development goals of both parties; Organize construction to promote the cooperation of the government and market (operating entity) with the villagers/villagers. It not only prevents the "squeeze" that the small farmers may produce, but also work hard to solve the efficient production problems facing the organization of the organization. The ability to get rich.

(This article is the "Research on the Business of Family Farm in Rural Revitalization" (21Q030) phased achievement of the "under the context of the context of rural revitalization)

(Author Unit: School of Gramics and Economics, Wuhan University of Science and Technology)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Yangliu

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