Is solar "Can" today?

"Carbon neutralization" has become the focus of the present, and everyone's attention to non -stone energy is also increasing: wind energy, solar energy, water energy, biomass energy, nuclear energy ...

Among them, when it comes to "solar energy", many people will think of this children's song: "One is given to Antarctica, one is given to the Arctic Ocean, one hangs in winter, and one hangs in the evening ..." In fact, the fact that solar energy is easily affected by the climate and environment.

Therefore, in order to better use solar energy, in addition to thermodynamics, material science, semiconductor engineering and other professional knowledge, it is inseparable from the two small factors of atmospheric science, especially the two small factors of clouds and gas solids.

Picture source: pixabay

Where is the solar energy tomorrow? Forecast in the future

Can the weather predict that solar energy can be predicted?

The distribution of solar resources in my country is more complicated in space. It is roughly a trend of increasing from the east to the west. Plain and more precipitation areas are small, and areas with small plateau and less precipitation are large. If we want to make full use of solar resources as much as possible, we must do a good job of solar prediction in order to develop the follow -up project.

The solar energy received on the ground will change with the changes of the radiation. Therefore, the vital part of the solar forecasting work is the forecast of the degree of hell spokes, and the forecast of the degree of hell spokes requires the professionalism of atmospheric science. Knowledge, because of the changes in the degree of helling, involve the process of atmospheric, mainly the two factors of cloud and gas solution.

The little friends' understanding of the change of clouds is very intuitive. When we are tired and hot outdoors, if a large cloud in the distance covers the sun, we will feel cool. The reason is that cloud has a strong scattering effect on the solar radiation, which reduces the solar radiation that reached us. Among the various types of clouds, it is the most changing clouds and rolling clouds, the most uncertainty.

Jiyun and Junyun

(Picture source: pigsels)

In addition, areas with rich solar resources are mostly arid and semi -drought desert areas. The impact of sand (violent) is very frequent. Among them, the impact of air -solving the influence of the solution on the degree of helling radiation is involved. The prediction work also needs the help of meteorologists. The increase in gas -soluble glue particles will increase the scattering of solar radiation, and it will affect the degree of radio radiation as the cloud.

At present, many research uses pure data -driven models to predict solar energy, that is, input the past weather data and existing solar data as the initial value into machine learning or statistical models to obtain forecast results. This method is pure Statistics, there is no process of atmospheric physics. However, the forecast of the degree of hell spokes will be affected by the atmospheric process.

Therefore, Professor Yang Dazhi of Harbin Institute of Technology advocates Ropes criteria, which can carry out "escort" for solar forecasting work. Ropes is the synthesis of the first five English words, positive operations, physics-based, Physical-Based, EnsEmbLE, and Skill.

Dr. Yang Dazhi and Dr. Wang Wenting of his team, in the cooperation with the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Xia Xiang'ao, specially written for the "Foreign Resources Evaluation and Solar Forecast" (reference 2), which was written for the atmospheric science community, introduced the Ropes criterion, It is also hoped that in the future, the two research areas of atmospheric science and solar engineering can strengthen cross -disciplinary cooperation. In particular, it is necessary to jointly overcome the two major difficulties of "cloud" and "gas -soluble gel".

Is the solar use device spiritual? Meteor

With solar forecast, we have a spectrum about whether we can use solar energy. But solar energy is invisible, just like a "invisible hand". If we want to accurately control this "invisible hand", we need another "tangible hand" assistant, that is, solar use Device.

Common solar water heaters, solar houses, solar stoves, solar refrigeration air conditioners, etc. are all the heat brought about by solar radiation. Although this method of light thermal use has advantages in technology and initial investment, it is not flexible and energy is not easy Storage is easy to waste and other shortcomings.

Storage of solar energy in the form of electrical energy (photovoltaic power generation) can make up for the defects of photovoltaic use. It can be said that it is a more efficient solar use form. Photovoltaic power generation device is the "tangible hand" we really need, which can bring us greater social and economic benefits.

Solar water heater and solar stove

(Picture source: pigsels)

The fastest increase in China's photovoltaic power plant is the drought semi -arid areas in the northwest. The solar radiation in these areas is sufficient, and the land in these areas is basically an irreplaceable land, and the cost of use is low. There are four large-scale photovoltaic power station bases in the Gobi area of ​​China: Golmud, Republic, Hexi Corridor, Northern and South Yinchuan, and Hami-Hotan large photovoltaic power station groups.

Photovoltaic power generation device (solar panel)

(Picture source: pigsels)

However, do you know that the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation devices will be affected by meteorological factors.

1. (Direct) affect the solar radiation received by the device

The solar radiation is reached on the surface through the atmosphere, and there are complex scattering and absorption in the atmospheric transmission. Among them, the effects of cloud volume and gas solution are involved [3], they directly determine how much solar radiation can be accepted. The two factors of cloud and gas solution not only play a very important role in solar forecast, but also cannot be ignored in terms of solar utilization. The distribution of cloud volume in my country has a certain similarities between the distribution of solar resources: there are few clouds in the Northwest region and abundant solar resources; there are many clouds in Sichuan Basin, and solar resources are relatively scarce.

The impact of gas solution is usually presented in the form of sand dust and haze, but the dust and haze will not only reduce the amount of radiation on the photovoltaic board by affecting the transparency of the atmosphere, but also cause the photovoltaic board to produce dust and dust accumulation of dust. The impact is not to be underestimated [5].

Dust storm and haze

(Picture source: pigsels)

2. (indirect) affecting the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic components

The above three meteorological factors are directly affecting the solar radiation received by the device from the outside. From the internal perspective, what other meteorological factors will affect the work efficiency of photovoltaic components?

Different photovoltaic components have their own appropriate spectra and temperature. Only at a certain spectrum and temperature can components give full play to its performance. In addition, weather factors such as rainfall and precipitation intensity, wind direction and wind speed will affect the accumulation of dust on the surface of photovoltaic components and the temperature of solar cells. The accumulation of photovoltaic components reduces the light transmission rate of the surface of the component, thereby weakening the solar radiation intensity received by the photovoltaic component; too high battery temperature will also reduce solar conversion efficiency.

The accumulation of dust (A: dry accumulation; B: wet accumulation dust)

(Picture source: reference [5])

Conclusion

By 2060, my country will achieve a proportion of non -stone energy consumption of more than 80%. In order to achieve such a goal, we need a high -proportion, large -scale solar grid grid -to -grid power generation. Whether from the perspective of solar forecast or the use of solar energy, the effects of meteorological factors cannot be ignored, especially the influence of the two factors of cloud and gas solution.

Looking forward to solar engineering and atmospheric science, "plant the sun" and send the clean and warm sunlight to millions of households!

references:

[1] Pan Jinjun, Jiang Yan, Guo Peng, Zhang Yongshan. Analysis of influence of solar resources and environmental meteorological factors in China [J]. Science and Technology Herald, 2014,32 (20): 15-21.

[2] Yang, D., W. Wang, and X. XIA, 2022: A Concise Overview on Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting. Adv. SCI., Https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-021-- 1372-8.

[3] He Shuyun. Research on the impact of meteorological factors on solar use [D]. Hunan University, 2018.

[4] Liang Hong. The changes in the atmospheric water vapor of Qinghai -Tibet Plateau and the simulation of the impact on radiation [D]. China Institute of Meteorological Sciences, 2012.

[5] Cui Yongqin, Feng Qi, Sun Jiahuan, Li Fang, Xiao Jianhua. Research on the Influence of Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Research [J]. China Desert, 2018,38 (02): 270-277.

Author Unit: Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Original title: "Can the sun today" can "? This question has to be answered like this"

Source: Science College

Edit: Lezi Superman

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