"Don't just look at it, can you learn if you just look at it?", I really can really

In the fan forum, players are "better than combat power", and they will always be a long -lasting topic.

The problem that causes blood and blood and rain | Tiger flutter community

However, most of the participating in the discussion is ordinary people. No matter how stimulating the text is, it is often brought back by the phrase "you can do it".

At this time, people will inevitably think that although I have not kicked with Ne *er and I haven't played it with Kuka*, I watched hundreds of their games! I have watched so many games, can I do it?

Watching 1,000 games, can ordinary people kick the same as star?

Seeing that others can play the authentic price to improve the football skills on the spot. But compared with professionals, the effect of ordinary people watching the ball is actually not very good -this is related to the ability of an action observation in our daily life.

When I see others doing action,

What am I watching?

As the name suggests, action observation refers to the ability of individual observations and understanding of others.

This sounds like there is nothing unusual. People see countless people every day to do countless actions. But in fact, there is a rich learning and social process behind "observation".

Let me Kangkang! | giphy

On the one hand, through action observation, people can complete the learning and imitation of other people's actions.

For example, when we are young, we will observe and imitate the every move of our parents or teachers to learn the necessary skills such as eating and drinking in daily life.

On the other hand, we can also observe the intention and results of the movement through action, and then speculate the psychological state of others.

For example, when we see a person walking back and forth quickly and crossing his hands, we will combine the common sense of experience to speculate that this person is under the mental state of anxiety.

Therefore, researchers regard the ability to observe action as an important indicator of social development. Through action observation, we can capture clues from ordinary every move in daily life to feel the thousands of worlds in others' hearts.

Cats will also observe | giphy

Since action observation is so important, how do we observe others' actions?

Some researchers believe that when we observe other people's movements, we will "rehearses" the movements of others -that is, completely simulate the process of preparation action, but only does not perform corresponding actions. This is a quite complicated psychological imagination.

This complexity is directly reflected in our brain. In order to make a seemingly simple observation behavior successful, from the sensor to the nerve to the brain area, our body has gone through a lot. Among them, the mirror neuron system is the most direct and reliable neural foundation with motion observation capabilities.

The discovery of mirror neurons comes from an unexpected joy. When studying the neural foundation of hand movements, the researchers accidentally found that when they reached out and grasped the food, the monkeys watching on the side also had corresponding neurons to activate.

This seems to show that in the brain, some neurons will have a special reaction to the movements of others, because these neurons seem to be like a mirror, the mirror of the mirror of others, so it is named the mirror mirror neuron.

When you see this picture, your mirror neuron is also activated | giphy

These mirror neurons are widely distributed in the front movement area and the sports cortex, and there is an inseparable connection with the individual's movement control and movement understanding.

With the help of mirror neurons, when observing the movement of others, the nervous system will cause nerve activation similar to this action. The core of observing others 'actions is self -imagining and imitation of others' movements.

At the same time, it is precisely because during the observation process, the sports cortex will practice the corresponding actions. Although there is no actual combat, people's playing performance can still be changed within a certain range.

Athletes, fans and ordinary people's eyes,

Greatly different

Although watching people's playback can make people's playback ability changes, unfortunately, the professional knowledge that has different knowledge, what can be observed will be quite different.

For example, in a study about the differences between experts and ordinary people, researchers invited ballet dancers, Brazilian war dancers, and ordinary people to observe ballet performances and Brazilian war dance performances, and recorded their brains through brain imaging Activity in the area.

Researchers invite the actions of Ballet (A) and Brazilian War Dance (B).

And record their brain activity in the process of observation

It was found that when the ballet dancers observed ballet, or the Brazilian soft war dancer observed the Brazilian war dance, their mirror neuron system would show stronger activation.

The three groups of the horizontal axis are ballet dancers, Brazilian war dancers and ordinary people,

Black bars and white strips are the activation intensity of watching ballet and Brazil

Therefore, researchers believe that when people master sufficient professional skills, they can better observe and simulate these actions.

This is like ordinary people only feel that the movements are difficult or beautiful when watching ballet, while professional actors can observe that their toes are stretched straight and whether they are in place.

The division of "professional" here is very fine. For example, it is also a ballet actor. Although male ballet actors have mastered various ballet skills and are veritable ballet experts, when they observe the unique movements of female ballet actors, they The performance is still worse than female ballet actors. What if the number of movements watch is enough? Can I compare the experts in 1,000 games?

In response to this issue, some researchers invited elite basketball players, sports reporters/coaches, people who have a knowledge of basketball but do not play in person, and ordinary people who do not know the basketball to observe the shooting action of others.

The experimental results found that compared with ordinary people, practitioners/coaches these related industries will indeed reflect stronger nerve activation of basketball shooting.

However, compared to these non -professionals, professional athletes will go further. When others have just made shooting, they can know if this ball can be scored. In other words, these professional athletes can find the doorway through the process of action observation.

Analyze the nerve activation of different time periods, and it is found that only elite basketball players will activate to varying degrees of activation for the balls that are shot at the moment of pitching.

The above experimental results seem to show that reality is not so beautiful. The improvement of action observation is often more like "drought drought, waterlogging and waterlogging". Professional athletes can make great progress by constantly summing up the video, while ordinary people can only be ignorant. Essence

For fans, if you want to really watch the ball to improve your playback level, I am afraid that you must first swipe sweat on the green field and accumulate enough practical experience.

Action observation, let people regain the ability of exercise

The important impact of action observation on the ability of the action itself is not only widely used in the training of various sports projects (athletes: this is the reason for letting us stay up late to watch the video?) It has also opened a new world in clinical practice.

No wonder the character upgrade in a game depends on the video tape ...

One of the areas that people have paid special attention in recent years are the help of postoperative recovery of stroke patients.

After stroke, individual sports ability is often affected by destruction. The best way to restore exercise is to repeatedly practice, but the physiological basis of the stroke itself makes it difficult for them to truly perform their actions.

At this time, the activation of similar activation during the action observation and the actual action execution became a life -saving straw for patients.

Rehabilitation divisions allow patients to observe others to complete some basic actions, such as walking, capturing, throwing, so that stroke patients can simulate these actions in the brain to achieve the purpose of restoring the function of sports cortex.

With the advancement of science and technology, the action observation therapy supplemented by action auxiliary equipment has become an important part of the recovery process of stroke patients.

Therefore, although it is difficult to achieve the dream of becoming a star by watching the ball, the ability to observe the action has played a pivotal role in our daily life. It can help us learn and communicate better.

Watching a thousand games may not help me learn to play, but can help those who are inconvenient to move to realize their dreams of walking again.

references

Aglioti, S. M., CESARI, P., Romani, M., URGESI, C. (2008). Action Anticipation and Motor Resonance in Elite Basketball Players. Nature Neuroscience, 11 (9), 1109-1116.

Buccino, G. (2014). Action Observation Treatment: a Novel Tool in NeUrorehability. Philosophical Transactions of the ROYAL SCIETY Sciences, 369 (1644), 2013085. 20130185.

Calvo-Merino, B., Ehrenberg, S., Leung, D., Haggard, P. (2010). Experts See It all: Configurate effects in action object.

Calvo-Merino, B., Glaser, D. E., Grèzes, J., Passingham, R. E., Haggard, P. (2005). Action object and acquired motor skills: an fMri Study with excexcers. 1243-1249.csibra, G. (2005). Mirror Neurons and Action Observation. Is Simulation Involved. What do mirror neurn mean.

Flanagan, J. R., Johansson, R. S. (2003). Action Plans used in action observation.nature, 424 (6950), 769-771.

Mulder, T. (2007). Motor Imagery and Action Observation: Cognitive Tools for Rehability. Journal of neural transmission, 114 (10), 1265-1278.

Ruffino, C., PAPAXANTHIS, C., Lebon, F. (2017). Neural Plasticity During Motor Learning with Motor ImageRY Practice: Review and Perspectives. Neuroscial, 341, 61-78.

VOGT, S., DI Rieno, F., Collet, C., Collins, A., Guillot, A. (2013). Multiple ROLES of Motor Imagery During Observation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 807.

Wolpert, D. M., Diedrichsen, J., Flanagan, J. R. (2011). Principles of Sensorimotor Learning. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12 (12), 739-751.

Author: picrolf

Edit: Emeria, You Zhixuan

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