The author of "My Two Students" Huang Lan: The internal force of contemporary college students is getting less and less ...

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From the students from the 1970s to the post -00s today, it is not difficult to find that students have been trained more than one generation than one generation, and there are fewer and fewer wild things.

Nowadays, children are more like a treasure in their hands, and their vitality and internal force are showing a downward trend.

This year's college entrance examination candidates have just experienced the "most difficult college entrance examination in history", and they must quickly join in the battle of volunteer filming. The confused emotions of future professional choices are full of major online platforms.

Under the guidance of the "high score flag", the children survived the primary school and promoted to the college entrance examination. For future professional choices, inertia thinking made them still rely on external driving to find answers, even in the incomplete competition that is not healthy competition. Self -bundling in the environment.

A few days ago, the founder of Zhiji College and the chairman of the academic committee of the teaching workshop, Xiao Zhixing, and Huang Lan, a well -known educator and writer Huang Lan, talked about "How to lose the internal driving force of college students". Under the college entrance examination system, the impact of standardized education on children's growth.

Xiao Zhixing (left) Dialogue with yellow light (right) (right)

From 70 to 00

Students gradually lose their wild internal force

Xiao Zhixing: Hello, Teacher Huang Lan, welcome to "Zhiji afternoon tea". Let's talk about "How the College Students Lost Internal Drive" together. Teacher Huang Lan and I should be the same generation. I was born in seven or two years. I took the college entrance examination in 1989 and one or two years earlier than Teacher Huang Lan. Let's talk about the college entrance examination of our time first. Anyway, our college entrance examination was not as terrible and nervous as it is now.

I took the college entrance examination in the middle school in Yongfeng County, Jiangxi. At that time, the college entrance examination on July 7th. Because the weather was too hot, a few boys we were walking decided to simply sleep on the cement floor of the basketball court at night. That's how it is every night. At that time, we were quite relaxed and we didn't take the college entrance examination at all. I don't know what the situation was Teacher Huang Lan?

Huang Lan: Hello Teacher Xiao. I just mentioned the college entrance examination of the year, and my feelings were the same. Although the admission rate of the college entrance examination at that time was very low, but it was really not anxious, but it didn't matter if it didn't take it. Either go to repeat or go back to the village to find other things, not as anxious as it is now. Of course, the college entrance examination is definitely a very important thing. This is beyond doubt, but it will not cause so much oppression to us at the time.

Yellow Lantern and her students

Xiao Zhixing: Why is there such a great sense of oppression now?

Huang Lan: I used to have no consciousness about this. After the college entrance examination, I did not know that the college entrance examination became like this later. I really started to perceive the sense of oppression of the college entrance examination. It was after I went to college to teach, especially for nearly seven or eight years.

As my own children grow up slowly, I find that those parents do not understand many of me. For example, before the age of seven years old, I did not teach him to literacy, so let's not say what interest class to go to. Then my friends kept reminding me that I was delaying my child.

My educational philosophy of children is from my own growth experience, that is, we did not go to interest class when we were young. I only went to school at the age of eight, and I didn't go to study before school. It seemed that I did not affect my understanding and understanding of knowledge. Then why do I let my child go to study so small? I may rely on my own experience to judge.

But then I found that the surrounding environment has changed. When you turn the vision over and look at it, you will find that the children who come to your classroom will actually go to a university after many hardships. Even a two -book university.

Xiao Zhixing: Yes, this is indeed related to the growth background of our generation. After the recovery of the college entrance examination in the late 1970s, a generation really changed his fate through the college entrance examination. Like the people in the Jiangxi ravine, my English teacher originally learned Russian. Therefore, my English is not only a little bit of Jiangxi accent, but also a little Russian accent. It is strange.

But because of the college entrance examination, I was the top few in the province, and then I went to the best school. Then I went to the best unit after graduation, and then went abroad. Later, I slowly seemed to be able to do a little interesting thing. There was a so -called social status.

Therefore, the memory of our generation is very profound, and we will not be able to apply this model to their next generation, engraving the boat for sword, and feel that they should also change their destiny through education. If you can't climb to a higher class, you can at least maintain me.

However, the reality is cruel. The number of graduates in good schools such as Peking University and Tsinghua University staying in Beijing is far more than the number of students enrolled in Beijing each year in Beijing, at least ten times as small as.

Therefore, it is not difficult to maintain the original social class, but if you graduate from Peking University and Tsinghua University, it is difficult for you to make your children go to Peking University and Tsinghua University, let alone go up again, which has caused tremendous pressure. This is also a very unique psychological lag effect of the social transition period.

Teacher Huang Lan, you started teaching in 2005, and then it is sixteen or seven years old. What do you think of this session of this session? For example, is there any difference between post -90s and post -00s?

Yellow Lantern: I am not too much after the contact with 00, mainly the two generations of post -80s and post -90s. I have brought them complete. In addition, my own child was born in 2007. Therefore, if I want to observe 00, I may still have some common characteristics in my own children. He has a brand imprint on each generation of children, which is particularly obvious. For example, in the past ten years, the deepest impression is the Internet age. Being able to clearly feel that the popularity of intelligent mobile phones and the changes in lifestyle brought by the convenience of the Internet. Then the change in the new generation of lifestyle has caused the particularly obvious intergenerational differences with the generation of this generation of the post -70s generation.

I sometimes feel that I can communicate with children with the generation of the 80s, and there will be no conflict with values. But with the generation of children after the 90s, I feel that there are a lot of things with them that they can't see each other, let alone after 00. Therefore, I just can observe these changes from the appearance that I see intuitively. Then, from the level of young temperament, I think that the current children are more and less trained than the first generation, and there are fewer and fewer wild things.

So Mr. Xiao, you can recall that when we were studying, the overall is very naughty. You see that the child now feels very good, polite, and educated.

At that time, we were stupid, but it was very wild, and there were things that were very vivid on the children. I felt that there was a good vitality that was preserved. But what about the current child is like a thing, a treasure holding it in your hand, you touch too much and rub it too much. It was like we were in charge, so it felt like this.

The psychological effect of the scarce era

Promoting vicious competition

Xiao Zhixing: The vitality, sharpness and internal force of children seem to be less and less, which is a strange trend. Why is there such a trend?

Huang Lan: It is difficult to summarize this trend, and of course we cannot judge that young people's creativity is lost. I don't think so, because this society is actually promoted by generations of young people, just to say that the level of creativity may be different.

But why do I say that the current children are more and more trained? I feel that their overall spiritual appearance, such as the perception of happiness is not as easy as us, they seem to be more peaceful. There is still a reasons for the background behind this, because our generation is basically very scarce.

Yellow Lantern and her students

The material conditions of that year were quite bad, and there were not particularly good, most of them were relatively poor. Even in the city, it is nothing more than solving food and clothing, and then a little better, children in rural areas may not even eat food. So in that circumstances, you may have a little thing and feel very happy.

But the current child may be in the lack of material, especially the children in the city are basically not. A small number of children may be poor in the family, and children in rural areas are still difficult. Many of my students have it, but I estimate that children in key universities will be much better. Because some of the phenomena I observe are: the proportion of students from rural areas in key universities is getting lower and lower.

But our group of people, such as Tsinghua University of Peking University, are 20 % or 30 % from rural areas.

Xiao Zhixing: Yes, but logically the material conditions have improved. Everyone should pursue metaphysical things. The value rationality we emphasizes, such as beauty, justice, freedom ... it should be seen more.

Yellow Lantern: I think there is another reason behind it is -marketization. When marketization is advanced, children entering society appear as an independent competitive subject. Even after he graduated, the halo of Tsinghua University is shrouded, but the important thing is to show others.

So in addition to the diploma, it is more important to show your strength. So how do children in college show it? So many external labels, such as certificates, transcripts, awards, scholarships, etc. In fact, such a process is particularly uncomfortable for children, and has been pursuing those external things.

Xiao Zhixing: Yes, our generation really came from the era of scarcity. I was very impressed. During my college, the most wanted to have a pair of leather shoes, real leather shoes, not artificial leather shoes.

Therefore, the scarcity era will bring us a strong motivation to struggle. But as if the material of this generation, although they are no longer so scarce, instead of the plenty of spirituality and this higher pursuit, they have not been picked up.

After entering the society, logically, the child's three or five thousand dollars can be found. There is no need to force themselves to be so urgent and to force themselves to die so dead. But at present it seems to be infected from parents to children. Everyone still uses a competing mentality of a scarce era. This mentality must be in the early age. You must find your own sense of presence compared to the past. there.

Huang Lan: Well, I have two points to say that one is to discuss groups. For example, if I am me, I am more than two students in the two students or vocational colleges because I am concerned about the universities that are not particularly high. According to our current education chain, it belongs to non -985 985 , 211 and a kind of college, most of these children are still not very good. Then at this time, for them, it is a question of survival. Because they have the advantage of diplomas, they must let themselves stand in the society first. In fact, this is a very cruel thing. But what you just mentioned is another wave of students, because one of our biggest features in our society is that it is particularly differentiated. In fact, in the group of any level of students, the gap between families, we see more clearly as teachers, and students may not know. But if they have been with each other for a long time, he will perceive.

The same is true of the parents, so the kind of competition and comparison mentality you just talked about is actually a sense of insecurity from the current parents. Unlike previous units, such as the former institutions or institutions, it can guarantee that it is very stable. But if you enter the enterprise now, it may be opened at any time. This sense of insecurity is quite realistic.

Xiao Zhixing: The psychological lag that we just talked about is still a dimension in the lack of time. However, the more cruel and more real dimensions are the differentiation of the rich and the poor and the solidification of the class. In a sense, the psychological effect of the lack of scarcity is magnified. The degree of differentiation in China has greatly surpassed the so -called "landscaper" we laughed at that year. And there is no sense of security, so this "curing" must be quoted. For example, a person looks like a person, but for various reasons, such as macro reasons, the reasons for the rule of law, it may fall at any time. Therefore, the entire society is in a very harsh competition comparison and the state of "having a chance to step on others". This should be a very important reason.

Back to your famous "My Two Students" book, you also mentioned that writing this book is actually a very difficult process. In the preface of the book, you said in the preface, "Seeing them" these four words are very heavy. Why is this generation of people who are weak groups and two children in the two schools. Intersection It should be less than ten years.

Huang Lan: I think this cannot be said to be seen. It may not be too much to use it as one or to say, and it must be there. Because I wrote it myself, and then someone was concerned, everyone would feel that I was paying a lot of attention to this group, and in fact it was not exactly the case. Just like a teacher who is very concerned about students, in fact, there are still a lot of in college, but just say that they have not problem me to make it like me and express it. This is my observation.

Too much attention to tool rationality

Let students get in a full set

Xiao Zhixing: Vicious competition allows everyone to pay attention to the rationality of tools and forget value rationality. Because in a sense, I only pay attention to the rationality of the tools, and the tools are slowly irrational, and they are on the opposite side. So what is the reason behind this? Why don't you pay attention to value rationality?

To give you a little explanation, tool rationality is the tools, methods, technology, knowledge points that we are emphasized by the average person ... how to improve efficiency, how to increase turnover, and how to make GDP grow quickly. This is called tool rationality. Value rationality is those things related to life. Truth, beauty, justice, freedom ... Like the truth, conscience, and serving the society that we emphasize the emphasis on our academy, these are value rationality.

In the end why our entire education system was rolled up, there were only tool rationality, or even irrational tools. What was the reason?

Yellow Lantern: This reason is particularly complicated. I said from the appearance that when I remember when we were in college, the university was not ranked. Which universities would we think? For example, Peking University, Tsinghua University. Because it has a high status, it is not like what it is now. It has a lot of money, but because in the minds of our people, it has academic appeal. In fact, it is often there as a spiritual thing.

But then our current university is really very powerful in ranking levels, and it has different standard rankings, some rank in China, some are in the industry ranking, and some are the world's ranking. As long as you get into the ranking of the ranking, the KPI must be more and more powerful, and behind it must be more and more rational.

Xiao Zhixing: Including the assessment of the professor. For example, watching thesis, winning prizes, articles, or Yangtze River scholars, Yellow River scholars.

Yellow Lantern: I intuitively speaking, I am liberal arts and learn Chinese. At that time, we learned Chinese in the 1980s. Then, after the 1990s, it should be learned by scriptures. Later, it was a computer, and then it became a learning finance. It can be seen from popular majors that the entire social trend is changing. Now like philosophy and archeology, in the eyes of others, it is the kind of pit specialty that must not be touched. But philosophy is particularly important. The original motivation of a society is a creation and distortion in thought. If such a foundation is lost, no matter how good the economic development is, it will collapse behind it. Xiao Zhixing: We just talked about value rationality is these things that are related to life itself. In a sense, some disciplines that study value rationality or the most advocated value rationality are some disciplines. However, there is no value rationality. Every day, all kinds of KPIs are all around, and they become "external drives" and "he drives". There is no "internal drive" and no "self -drive". There is no engine in the heart without an engine, isn't it just hollow? Our children are hollow manipulated by KPI.

Yellow Lantern: KPI is suitable for controlling the machine. Like a computer, enter a instruction, and the machine definitely listens to you. But one of the biggest subjects faced by our entire society is actually a person's problem, that is, no matter how developed technology is, it is also necessary to serve people and life. It must be better, make them more happy, live a better life, happiness, and more secure, making our children feel meaningful. I think this technology is meaningful from ethics. For example, the purpose of a big data now is to control our whereabouts, so that we can't get rid of him. I am very disgusted with these things, the more developed the more terrible.

Xiao Zhixing: Yes, this is the terrible society that criticizes Utopia, novels and movies every day. Another dimension is because KPI always measures the number, so you will be measured every day. Once a person belongs to this position that is measured, evaluated, and ranked, you are always in a state of anxiety, panic, and even fear, but value rationality is not about quality. To some extent, it is Unsuitable. In the ancient Chinese stories, it is "talk about the mind, regardless of trace".

People full of value rational are naturally in a state of peaceful, peaceful, and PeaceFul. This is why there is a general sense of anxiety in the society, and the deep reasons behind them are forgotten value rationality.

Yellow Lantern: Why did the rational rationality suddenly appear in this crushing situation? A absolute advantage caused by value rationality. Behind this is related to globalization. This big trend, like you have been at home and abroad, you must know. One goal like our in recent decades is to develop rapidly, and we must seize historical opportunities. Of course, this is right. In such a major trend, people must be as much as possible to maximize interests, maximize efficiency, and maximize functions. This can be understood. But so that to the extreme, people will be alienated.

Xiao Zhixing: At the national level, it is also like what we just talked about, caught in the dilemma of the scarce era. For example, the per capita GDP is 122 US dollars. In fact, you can enter a relatively calm and new era. In turn, you can do something related to value -related things, such as humanistic care and respect for each individual. However, because we are a post -developed country, the lack of era is relatively long, so the mentality and concepts of the entire country still lack the mentality and ideas of the era, and we are still using the old mentality to deal with new challenges.

Yellow Lantern: Especially like our post -70s generation, what is a strong feeling? The growth of our generation is completely accompanied by the transition period of China's society. When we have experienced very poor, we have experienced the planned economy, and there are particularly developed times, and then when we have experienced how the market economy develops, we have experienced a very closed era, and then we have welcomed the era of openness. So in such a process, each person is beaten with deep imprints. The development of each individual is inseparable from the trend of the country.

So far, a basic prerequisite for China is that we are a particularly backward country to develop. As a common people, we actually have to be in this context. His growth also happened in this context, so if it is implemented to all children, in fact, each generation of children must also have the tide of social society. Whether you want or not, you must integrate with him to integrate with him Essence So your anxiety, sometimes you do n’t mean that you do n’t want to be anxious. I don't think this is really impossible.

Xiao Zhixing: What is even more terrible is that because of shortness, we have tool rationality and no value rationality. In fact, the rational rationality of the tools slowly moves to its opposite side and moves towards "tool irrationality". For example, from the perspective of further studies, the highest goal of studying in primary school is the best middle school, and the highest goal of studying in middle school is the best university. So what to do after Dr. Tsinghua University of Tsinghua University?

Everyone is talking about the recent recruitment of Shenzhen Middle School is Dr. Peking University, Tsinghua, and even returnees. There are also many graduates from Peking University and Tsinghua University to apply for urban management and street office. Eating so much hard work, in the end, is the staff of the urban management and street office and the middle school teacher? The means are irrational. Many people on the Internet are also talking about this topic. Now the way of formatting, urbanization, and standardization of this test is a destruction, or even destroying the ability of many people to think independently. We have three courses -politics, Chinese, history, and the content of the exam. Everyone knows that the true independent thinking about the development of individual development is a very large and negative impact.

The whole process is irrational. Since the kindergarten, it has been highly competitive. All peers are competitors. This is very scary. Children in the community are not playing together. Friendship and love, the establishment of this true cooperation relationship has become a huge problem. Therefore, these tools are ignorant and slowly become the biggest problem of the entire education system.

Yellow Lantern: We must ask ourselves a question whether we are parents or schools, that is, what kind of person we want to cultivate children into, what kind of life is happy and creative. This is actually very important, that is, to return to the source of education.

But I found that schools are now or even some parents, and some parents rarely consider this issue. What they considers just ran to the front in this fast competition. Let's talk about it first, no matter what the purpose of running.

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