With green as the bottom, Lizheng, Hubei, builds a water -water organic agriculture

"Environmental Economy" magazine author Zhou Kaizhi

Puyang District, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, is the core water source area of ​​the South -to -North Water Diversion Middle Line Project and a national deep poverty -stricken county. It shoulders the arduous mission of "one -library water purification permanent north delivery" and 160,000 people's poverty alleviation and income. The mountain cannot eat mountains, water cannot be eaten by water, ecology must be protected, and the economy must be developed. Where should I go from Puyang District? On the basis of in -depth research on extensive demonstrations, Puyang District used the construction of organic agriculture of the water as the carrier to explore a new path of green transformation and development in the mountainous area.

Soil improvement to build a provincial demonstration family farm

The Lizhuang District is located in the northwest of Hubei Province, the hinterland of the special urban area of ​​Qinba Mountain, and the upper reaches of the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The area is 3863 square kilometers.

The ecology of the water area of ​​Liyang District will directly affect the Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei and Yu area. The local water protection and water protection work will be related to the success or failure of the South -to -North Water Diversion Middle Line Project. At the same time, the agricultural development foundation in Liyang District is fragile, the development of the green industry is insufficient, and it is difficult to get rid of poverty alleviation. In this case, how does Pupang District practice the concept of "green water and green mountains is the golden mountains and silver mountains", and explore a new road in the process of agricultural transformation and upgrading to ensure that "one -library water purification is delivered to the north"?

In Liyang District, there is a case of improvement of farm soil improvement that can explain the problem well.

At the end of 2013, Liu Chao, who was in business, saw the good mountains and rivers of his hometown, and decided to abandon business from farmers. Liu Chao established a Weichao Farm, and the base was selected in Qingqu Town. It circulated 550 acres of land at a time, mainly planting vegetables, fruits. At the beginning, strawberries planted in the greenhouse caused a sensation in the snowy winter, but because the strawberry taste was sour but not sweet, people quickly lost their interest. This makes Liu Chao very confused. Where is the problem? Is there a way out of the farm? After identifying the experts of the agricultural department of the district, the problem found that the problem was on the soil and fertilizer -due to the use of chemical fertilizers for a long time, the soil acid was enhanced and the plate was severe, which eventually affected the quality of strawberries.

Ye Bao, a cadre of Qingqu Town, who is working in Beijing, accidentally learned that the technology company specializing in soil improvement, Beijing Jiabo Wen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., quickly reported this situation to the district committee and district government. In 2014, under the referral of the district, the experimental use of Jiabo Wen's soil improvement technology and products was used to plant 100 acres of strawberries. By improving the soil and bee pollination, strawberry planting does not use a little fertilizer and pesticide. Later, as soon as the product was listed, it was snatched up because of its large, sweet taste and strong aroma. Many vendors in Shiyan City even came to buy.

After trying the sweetness, Weichao Farm invited the technicians of Jiabowen to measure the soil measurement and fertilizer on the spot, guide planting, and built the largest strawberry picking garden in northwestern Hubei. Now the Weichao Farm, people come and go every day. Strawberries sell for 50 yuan per catty.

It is also strawberries. No one bought 10 yuan a pound before soil improvement. Liu Chao, who first tasted the sweetness, expanded the base to 1,200 acres, planted high -end fruits such as organic vegetables and blueberries, grapes, and dragon fruit. Planting demonstration area, "Bird's Nest" greenhouse, joint warm sheds, ecological restaurants, and multi -functional science popularization leisure tourism areas and other scientific and technological demonstration areas. Through careful construction, Weichao Farm won the title of "Hubei Province Demonstration Family Farm" and became the first ecological organic planting demonstration family farm in Shiyan City.

The successful exploration of Weichao Farm has triggered a revolution in soil, sounding the horn of the water and soil governance and construction of the Water Organic Agricultural Demonstration Zone, and a major agricultural change was quietly implemented on the land of Puyang.

Vigorously create an organic agricultural demonstration zone

From 100 acres to 100,000 acres, from point to line, from line to face, Puyang District boldly explore organic agriculture, and vigorously creates the entire region with Luanyang Lake, Pan Tao River, Pan Dan River, and Panzhong River Basin. The organic agricultural demonstration zone in key areas promotes agricultural efficiency, farmers' income, and rural greening.

Strengthen the top -level design, scientific and precise planning

In accordance with the principles of government -led, market entities, and farmers' initiative, a series of guiding documents such as planning, action plans and implementation plans have been introduced one after another.

The first is to strengthen the top -level design and do a good job of system planning. On the one hand, the Puyang District Party Committee and the District Government strongly supported the "Opinions on the Creation of the Water Organic Agricultural Demonstration Zone to create the Han River Green Valley" and the "Three -year Action Plan for the Construction of the Water Organic Agricultural Demonstration Zone". The district proposes to use three years to create an organic agricultural demonstration zone of the water; on the other hand, with Beijing Jiabo Wen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. signed the "Puyang District Water Organic Agricultural Demonstration Zone Construction Project" "Farming Handicated Projects", "Puyang District's Soil and Water Treatment of Water and Water Organic Agriculture 5+1 Service Project".

Luanshui Organization Agricultural Platform Operating Mode

The second is to explore in -depth cooperation between government and enterprises and establish a joint venture. The district government and Jiabowen jointly invested 100 million yuan (51%and 49%of the shares) of the district government set up Hubei Greenway Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. The company uses the Hubei Greenway as the main body of the operation, introduces the core technology and management service system, and invests in the construction of organic waste treatment centers. Organic waste resource -based use of alliances. "

Third, government subsidies, enterprises participation. The district government integrates 28 million yuan in agricultural funds to subsidize the improvement of the quality of cultivated land and the resource treatment of livestock and poultry waste, while guiding social funds and financial capital to participate. Develop a circular economy and realize the use of resource use

Vigorously develop the green circulation economy, improve the quality of cultivated land in a full process, and control the pollution of agricultural facial sources, and achieve the development of the whole village's organic, the whole town, the global ecology, and the high quality development of the entire industry chain.

The first is to build a distributed waste treatment center. According to the characteristics of agricultural pollution distribution, scientific site selection and layout, collected poultry and livestock stain, tail vegetables, and straws to centralized treatment centers. source.

The second is to promote organic and precise fertilizer. The transformation from the end of the end to the source to improve the organic matter content of the soil, and the promotion of organic fertilizer in the planting demonstration area of ​​key poverty alleviation industries such as "vegetables, small fruits, and tea" is promoted. According to the precise soil measurement data, the purpose of precise soil modification through the three -level fertilizer system of humusification, harmless, and accurate formula is achieved.

The third is to carry out noodle source pollution big data monitoring. Investment of 20 million yuan to build a smart agricultural big data platform, through the Internet+online monitoring technology, realize the management of waste pollution sources in the region and the management of pollution source prevention and control sources in the region, and provide data guarantee for the improvement of the quality of cultivated land soil.

Integrate fund projects and build a unified platform

The district will connect agricultural environmental protection, high -standard farmland, farmers training, agricultural scientific and technological innovation and other projects with organic agricultural projects and arrange them uniformly.

The first is to build a comprehensive organic agricultural service center of ring water. Establish a "water -soil co -governance" collaborative innovation engineering research center, gather talents, build a smart agricultural platform, form a service system for "scientific research institutes+colleges and universities+district agricultural technology stations+enterprise technicians", and carry out a total of organic agricultural practical around the water There are more than 200 technical education and training, covering more than 8,000 people.

The second is to build a smart agricultural big data platform. Grasp the agricultural production resources of this region, statistical analysis of agricultural production data, form a unified smart agricultural big data platform, establish a quality and safety supervision platform for consumers, and monitor agricultural products to standardize production and quality traceability.

The third is to jointly build organic waste resource use alliances. 14 organic fertilizer companies including Hongyang Breeding Company and Nanyang Wo You Company, as well as livestock and poultry breeding enterprises and green organic planting enterprises, and through the construction of technology, production, sales, and service integrated alliance groups to open up circular agriculture Industrial chain, promote service upgrades, standardize product standards, and jointly serve the quality improvement plan of cultivated land, agricultural facial source pollution control, and replacement of fertilizer reduction.

Carry out standard certification, build order agriculture

In accordance with the principle of marketization, build good products, cultivate good brands, develop order agriculture and e -commerce marketing, open up the last mile of organic agriculture, and allow high -quality agricultural products to achieve high -quality and high -quality price.

The first is to obtain 3,000 acres of national certification organic industrial bases, 100,000 acres of green bases, and 40 certified green organic products. More than 20 organic agricultural products such as Puyang Rouge Rice and Special Miscellaneous Grain won the award at the National Agricultural Products Exhibition, and more than 300 agricultural special products were on the Beijing Folk Table.

Second, the "Three Unifications, Two Tunes and One Points" (unified varieties, technology, and guaranteed base prices, farmers 'information management, material management, farmers' decentralized cultivation) models jointly participated by "Enterprise+Cooperative+Farmers" Academy Organic Vegetable Poverty Alleviation Industry Base. Through the signing of orders with large -scale organic agricultural products such as Beijing Xinfa, Yonghui, etc., Puyang high -quality agricultural products are directly transported to high -end markets, increasing product quality and efficiency, driving farmers to increase their income, and realizing an average of 20%of the per mu or an increase of 2,000 yuan more than 2,000 yuan. Essence

Good soil, good ecology, good income,

The green effect is continuously enlarged

Liubi Town, Liyang District, is located on the banks of the Hanjiang River. It is located in the combination of Shiyan and Puyang. More than 80%of farmers in the town rely on vegetable planting. Puyang District implements ringwater organic agriculture. First of all, from the ecological economy of the Hanjiang River, it is one of the pilots in Shazhou Village in Liuhua Town. However, due to the high cost of organic fertilizer, town and village cadres have worn their mouths and still have little effect. Cai farmers still recognize old experience and old methods.

After repeated work, Cai Farm Lao Hao agreed to try. Considering the problem of investment and income, Lao Hao decided to use organic fertilizers for half of the land, half of the land using chemical fertilizers, first test, and how to make decisions. At that time, he took two vegetables planted with different fertilizers to the market. Organic fertilizer vegetables were favored by customers, especially some farmhouses. Although the vegetables grown in organic fertilizer are very popular, the price is the same as ordinary vegetables. It has almost no money to make money, which has caused widespread debate in the village.

Lao Hao Si came to think, and when he gritted his teeth, he decided to use organic fertilizer. With the help of brand propaganda, Lao Hao doubled the price of vegetables. Unexpectedly, Lao Hao's vegetables have become a well -known cash in the distance. Hotels, farmhouses, and ordinary people lined up to buy his dishes. After a season, Lao Hao Jing made more than 30,000 yuan. In fact, the debate between the village's vegetable farmers calmed down, and everyone used organic fertilizer.

"Children are looking forward to the New Year, adults are looking for fields. The people of Wufeng look forward to spring and spring in the spring." In recent years, this sentence has been widely spread in Wufeng Township, Puyang District. Why does the Wufeng people like spring?

In 2015, Wufeng Township relied on Jiabowen Company to carry out the "three governances" of cultivated land soil improvement, agricultural surface source pollution control and replacement of fertilizer reduction operations, and implemented the "three clear water" soil and soil of cleaning, clean planting, and cleaning rural areas. Communist governance promotes organic agriculture in the township, and guides the masses to use 5,000 acres of organic fertilizer planting rapeseed. In the spring, golden rapeseed flowers are opened in the fields, hillsides, beaches, and roads, and they are full of golden rapeseed flowers everywhere, giving the earth a golden dress, and the peaceful mountain village suddenly lives and beautiful. The township government has made the "ancient five peaks, poetic rural" brands, and hosted the rapeseed festival for four consecutive years, attracting nearly 300,000 tourists to pour Wufeng. Visitors enjoyed flowers, honey, and oil. 500 million yuan, average households increased income of 15,000 yuan. Organic agricultural construction and Puyang model practice that lasted for many years have effectively promoted the agricultural transformation and upgrading of the Hanjiang Ecological Economic Belt.

The first is to change the good soil. By adding methods such as organic fertilizer, deep loosening, etc., 20 townships (fields) soil quality and soil quality in the district have significantly improved, and they have achieved weight loss, pesticides, increased quality, and pollution. Over the past three years, the organic matter quality of the soil has increased by 0.6%, and the amount of fertilizers has decreased by 30%to 50%. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil in the area has improved to varying degrees. Monitoring data of cultivated land showed that the average organic matter content of the cultivation of the cultivated land soil was 18.00g/kg, an increase of 22.61%compared with organic fertilizer.

Through the entire area, the use of organic waste waste such as livestock and poultry manure, straw and other organic waste wastes, and implementing the comprehensive prevention and control of source control, process interception, end -end governance and circulation use, the pollution of noodles in the region has been effectively relieved. The organic fertilizer and fertilizer system with an organic fertilizer of 20,000 tons of organic fertilizer and 40,000 tons of organic waste and 100,000 tons of fertilizer has achieved a nutrient cycle. Each year, more than 4 million tons of livestock and poultry feces are processed, and 200,000 tons of organic fertilizer are produced. The comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure in the region has increased to 93%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of crop straw reached more than 90%.

The second is to cure a good ecology. The region has promoted the construction of organic agriculture around the water, guides the masses to use organic fertilizer planting, and develops and expands the "organic agriculture+cultural tourism" industry. There are many stories of "using flowers as media" to drive the masses to get rid of poverty and become rich. There are still many. Such as Chadian Town Cherry Towns, Hanjiang Green Valley in Anyang Town, Ecological Olive Garden in Yangxi Pu Town, Pehaoya Valley in Baoxia Town, Moon Lake in Liuhua Town, Hongyan Back, Bai Sang Gaoyuan and other places. While developing organic agriculture, The road of integration of farmers and brigades, holding "five golden flowers" such as cherry, chrysanthemum, rapeseed, peony flowers, and plum blossoms as the brand festival activities, which not only creates a good atmosphere for the comprehensive promotion of organic agriculture, so that farmers can allow farmers The waist bag was drumped and effectively improved the ecological environment. Over the past three years, the organic agriculture of the water has reduced the discharge and resource -based use of about 1,200 tons and more than 800 tons of phosphorus (folding), which effectively protects the water quality of the Puyang section of the Hanjiang River Basin.

The third is good income. The government support and the demonstration effect, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the farmers in Puyang District to apply organic fertilizer, and the enthusiasm for the development of organic agriculture in the local area. The strawberries that are improved through soil to improve the strawberries through soil are good due to quality, and the market supply is in short supply; the price of organic rice grown in Anyang Green Valley is two or three times higher than that of the soil.

With policy guidance and farmers' identification, the quality of cultivated land has been obvious. By comparing agricultural products before and after the soil improvement of the project area, the quality of the crops has been significantly improved, and the pulp content and fructose and other indicators are almost doubled. The construction of organic agriculture also attracted social capital, such as Shiyan Shoukang Yongle Group in Liuhua Town and Tanjiawan Town more than 3,000 acres of land, invested more than 100 million yuan to build a moon lake ecological farm, Tanjiawan standardized fruit and vegetable base, planting organic fruits, planting organic fruits With organic vegetables, more than 200,000 tourists have been received an annual reception, driving more than 2,000 poor people to employment in the nearest employment to increase their income and poverty alleviation. Through the development of organic industries in the region, more than 50,000 farmers have become rich at their doorstep to increase their income. In 2018, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in Puyang District exceeded the 10,000 yuan mark for the first time, an increase of 23.5%over 2016. The income of 13389 yuan, an average annual increase of 8.5%.

Puyang District practiced the concept of "two mountains", established ideas for the development of farming, and established a market mechanism and guarantee mechanism. Source pollution, on the other hand, developing ring water organic agriculture, using high -quality agricultural products to reverse organic waste use and drive farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich, explore the green development of "co -construction, win -win, sharing, and sharing" Yang Mode ".

(Author unit: Shiyan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Hubei Province)

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