Another page of Chinese education -Ye Shengtao and "People's Daily"

On April 21, 1949, the first edition of the "People's Daily" published a news entitled "The North China People's Government's Entrying Editors and Review Meeting". In the following, the textbook editing and review committee was established, and Ye Shengtao hired Ye Shengtao as the director of the committee. " From entering the liberation zone, Ye Shengtao participated in the establishment of democratic people and celebrities and representatives of the cultural and academic circles of the joint government, and became an important leader in the publication, education and other new Chinese culture construction in the people's governments.

Entering the new leadership position and the transformation of the identity related to it not only made Ye Shengtao more appear in the report of the People's Daily, but also because of daily work and educational feelings. The medium realizes the testimony, participation, and expression that is compatible with the times. Ye Shengtao's most noticeable interaction with the People's Daily is to carry out books and promote Chinese norms. They all surpass their personal interests and research. Through the authoritative platform of "People's Daily", they have become far -reaching and widely covered with widely -covered national language education. In the history of the development of cultural and educational in the early days of the founding of New China, they wrote a brilliant and unique page.

Actively plan and organize the public to participate in book comments

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, the development of leaders and promoting the development of the Publishing of New China became the core task of the General Administration of Publishing. "People's Services" and intend to start from two aspects: book review and review. Ye Shengtao's diary in 1950 was recorded. On January 24, there were three things at the General Administration of talks. Two things quickly entered the substantive operation. On February 24th, "talks about the procedures for reading books and periodicals of various publishing books. This review aims to understand the situation of the publishing industry and further want to increase the effectiveness of the publication"; and in March, in March Around the 28th, the implementation of the book review was also put on the agenda. Ye Shengtao mentioned that "the fan will organize a double weekly magazine in the" People's Daily ", which promotes seriously publishing and promoting publication."

The reason for the establishment of book review weekly in newspapers is related to the atmosphere of criticism and self -criticism at the time. Hu Qiaomu, director of the Central People's Government News Department, reported at the National News Working Conference on March 29, "Our people's newspapers today ... the number of people has developed greatly, and the quality has changed fundamentally." There is still a gap with the goal of New China news work, mainly in three aspects, "first, contact reality; 2. contact the masses; 3. criticism and self -criticism", for the gap between criticism and self -criticism, he proposed to strengthen " Comment work "and" supplement work ". Shortly after the report made this report, on April 19, 1950, the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the publication of criticism and self -criticism in newspapers" clearly stipulated the release of criticisms and responses.

The General Administration of Publishing and the People's Daily jointly opened a book review column in the newspaper, becoming a good choice to implement their respective tasks. As far as the Publishing Administration is concerned, it is the editorial and review bureau that he hosted this work. Before the "People's Daily" book review special issue was officially established, the newspaper actually published a book review, but the formal establishment of the "Book Review" was officially established on April 5th. China has not been very good. "It is often flowing in" support "and" strikes ", and now it is time to" establish a principled and conducive to criticism system for the people's publishing. " However, it is not easy to reverse the old disadvantages.

The "Publishing Notes" of the supplement listed the category of the content of the content, which involved "short reviews", "book reviews", "new book recommendation and excellent reading", "reader communication", etc., but the total tendency is to comment on "questions" and put forward "opinions" and "opinions". "". However, the purpose of determining the purpose and the creation of the column is only the first step in the establishment of the auxiliary publication. In order to make a demonstration and prepare the manuscript in advance, Ye Shengtao asked the fans to "separate the writing parts" as early as March 28, but it was "watching". There are a few articles, it is not pleasant. Comments are really not easy. " Just the second day after the pioneering, Ye Shengtao organized a fan of "Talking about the editing of the Book Review". This publication was contained in the People's Daily, which was the first issue of the Double Weekly. The current problem is not easy to do. " For a long time since then, Ye Shengtao poured a lot of effort for the "Book Review". The diary is frequently recorded here. On May 4th, the editorial board of "Book Review" was opened in the morning. This is a double weekly magazine, which has been published in three issues. It is attached to the People's Daily. There are many as a Chanran. After two hours of reading, I will formulate several centers, and it is the editor's policy of the next few periods. "On May 19," Afternoon, participate in the "Book Review" seats. It is not easy for the publishing industry to guide publications. "

"Book Review" has achieved great success under the planning and efforts of Ye Shengtao and others, and has gained experience in the field of publishing and the entire field of news. In the "Work Report of the First Half of 1950" by the General Administration of Publishing to the Cultural Education Committee of the Government Affairs Council, "Improve the quality of the publication, the basic method is to help publishers who are serious and responsible, encourage excellent publications, launch crowd criticism criticisms "". The People's Daily on March 23, 1951 also published the "Instructions on the Journal of Books and Newspapers" jointly issued by the General Administration of Press and the General Administration of Publishing, and pointed out, " Frequent criticism, introduction and commentary publishing news about various publications (including books, journals, newspapers, art publications, hanging charts, etc.) are important work with important political significance ... but in most newspapers, in most newspapers, The journal has not been published frequently. "" This has caused readers to lose their due guidance and also lose the supervision of the publishing work. " "One of the most important ways for newspapers", emphasizing that on the basis of the previous period of book review, further adopting measures to establish book newspapers and newspapers. Under the "Book Review" of "People's Daily" and the call for the instructions of the book newspapers and newspapers, influential newspapers followed up. "Xinhua Daily", "Southern Daily", "Dagong", "Yangtze River Daily" and other newspapers, "People's Education", "People's Literature", "Chinese Youth", "Science Communications", "Translation Notice", "Literature and Art News", all created Regular or irregular columns or supplements on book reviews, even special book reviews such as "Books and Reports", "Introduction to Literature and Books", "Jiangsu Book Distribution" and "Reading Monthly News". Vigorous guidance, promoting the improvement of the style and the reform of text

Improve the style of writing and text is another focus of cultural education, press and publication in the beginning of the founding of New China. Ye Shengtao is a well -known writer, educator, publisher, and social activist. He has profound accomplishments in literary writing and Chinese education. Although the news is different from publishing responsibilities, the common text carrier associates it with Ye Shengtao. Ye Shengtao wrote on January 31, 1950, "Chat editing, publishing, language, and words are very much. Qiao Mu Zhi Zhi and healed, saying that he pays attention to newspapers and magazines. , Pay attention to Chinese, but my country is not. It is said that it is desired to work quickly. It is advisable to set a training class to recruit the pens and ink workers of various organs to participate, and the guidance of Yu Wei. It is almost ideal, and it is easy to change the style of changing the style with administrative forces? "The efforts of solving language problems with administrative forces have always been carried out. In the five decisions of the National Publishing Meeting on Improve and Develop the National Publishing Industry ", it is mentioned that" 10. Public and private publishing agencies should strengthen editing and review work, and to establish editing and review departments as much as possible. The editor -in -chief personnel are responsible for reviewing and proofreading work. "Corresponding to this call, the human education society has an inspection work committee, and the People's Daily implements the responsibility system and inspection system. Although Ye Shengtao believes that it is not easy to change the style with administrative forces, he asked him to conduct similar administrative Chinese guidance for relevant personnel. On April 19, 1950, the news school hosted by the General Administration of News invited Ye Shengtao to talk about the "text problem" of "specified". Its "supplied by Uncle Wen in the material department was all taken from the" People's Daily "for nearly a few days." This time, the lecture effect of "People's Daily" as an example is not bad. Ye Shengtao said, "Observing the facial expression of the audience, it seems to be acceptable."

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has long noticed language and words. The shortcomings pointed out also exist in newspapers, publications and other publications. Under these similar backgrounds, the media used to propagate naturally connects with the People's Daily and is closely related to the promotion of Ye Shengtao and Hu Qiaomu. On the morning of February 11, 1951, Ye Shengtao and Lu Shuxiang went to Zhongnanhai to see Hu Qiaomu and Hu Rens in Zhongnanhai. Qiao Mu came to meet with Ye Shengtao and Lu Shuxiang. "Uncle Xiang was invited to publish articles in the People's Daily to talk about grammar for cadres to study. The result of the discussion is "Collecting materials from newspapers and magazines, according to materials and then text, and finishing the article in the 2nd month." On June 6th, the "People's Daily" published the editorial "The language of the motherland correctly, fighting for the purity and health of the language! "The editorial, and began to serialize" Grammar, Rhetoric Speech "co -authored by Lu Shuxiang and Zhu Dexi. "People's Daily" has a huge role in social calling. Song Yunbin, a scholar of literature and history, once lamented that "the People's Daily and wrote the editorial of the society, that is, the so -called 'big fanfare'." With the publication of "Speaking" and the editorial, a huge trend of concern to language and words has been formed in the society.

In addition to planning to promote the serialization of "Grammar and Rhetoric" in the "People's Daily", Ye Shengtao also devoted himself to the cooperation with the People's Daily. Published. Around July 1951, the Government Affairs Council proposed a document stipulated that one of the attachments was the use of punctuation symbols. On July 17, Ye Shengtao invited Wei Jiangong, Xiao Jialin, Jiang Zhongren, etc. to discuss, "After the grass became, please ask people to make opinions to modify it." Starting from July 17th, the 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st, on the night of the 22nd, "Eleven, the full manuscript was completed, and more than 20 pages, the title" Speaking of the Temporary Templates for Punishment "; 26th Tuo Kaiming's fancier Shen Yongqing wrote wax paper, printed 20 copies to the secretary hall of the government officer and friendly in -society; on the 29th, Lu Shuxiang came to talk about the use of punctuation symbols, thinking that "simple and unused"; ; On the 31st, "Find examples, modify the text of the instructions"; continued to be revised on August 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8, and on the 8th, Gao Zuwen on the 8th; "Symbol usage" returns, that is, the school is pair; on September 6, he met Hu Qiaomu in the Qinzheng Hall. Hu Qiaomu put forward several revisions and said that "should be published in the newspaper". Let's compete for the "Punishment Symbols". After the formulation, modification, and improvement of the "Punishment Symbols" after nearly two months, it was finally sent to the School of the People's Daily on September 24. Hu Qiaomu "published this article once, and kept the country together." Ye Shengtao was more cautious because of it. "People's Daily" published the "Personal Symbols" on September 26, 1951, and then reposted the "Light Daily" on September 29, and reproduced "Language Learning", "Language Teaching" and "Hebei Education". In order to promote the "Personal Symbols", the Government Council issued instructions on the punctuation of punctuation around October 27; "People's Daily" also invited Xiao Jialin of the person to teach the community and Zhou Zumo from Peking University to write an introduction article, "We should learn the society" The topic of correct use of punctuation symbols and "correct use of punctuation symbols" was published on November 22 and 23, 1951.

"Grammar, Rhetoric Speech" and "Punishment Symbols" are the results of language research. It pays close attention to the Chinese life life in the early days of the founding of New China. It is the efforts and measures that improve the public language literacy, change the style of writing, and improve the quality of books. In front of its publishing, learning, and promotion, the People's Daily, and behind the scenes is the outstanding planning and tireless efforts made by Ye Shengtao and others. The public influence of the People's Daily, the authoritative expression of Ye Shengtao and others, made the Chinese norms as a case quickly deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and led to significant changes in various aspects such as education, news, and publishing. The success of these two major events that Ye Shengtao participated in setting a model for the later Chinese specifications, and also giving participants to encouragement. Previously, the Chinese characters that Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou had been concerned about were simplified. On October 29, 1951, a faster progress was made. The person in charge who pays attention to the actual situation does not advocate the abolition of Chinese characters, but the word that wants to change the complicated strokes is brief. " Since then, the formulation and promotion of Chinese pinyin schemes and simplified word schemes, although there are no longer the close cooperation between Ye Shengtao and the "People's Daily" like "Grammar, Rhetoric Speech" and "Punishment Symbolism", Ye Shengtao and the People's Daily are positive respectively. Participate in it.

Revisiting the history of freshness and love is not only the memory of a person, an institution, and a performance in the torrential years, but also the thinking about the strategy of the language industry today. At the beginning of the founding of New China, the Chinese standardized movement led to a healthy language of nearly 70 years. 70 years later, various media and self -expression are greatly different from the past. Experts and media, government and individuals, culture and education, in the Chinese life that keeps pace with the times, is undoubtedly facing complex problems. Looking back at the past of Ye Shengtao's cooperation with the People's Daily, you may not get clear answers, but you can draw some wisdom that crosses history.

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Source | "People's Weekly" 2022 Issue 13

Text | Li Yunlong (the author is a doctoral student at the School of Literature of Beijing Normal University, and a senior supervisor and review of China Education Publishing Media Group Co., Ltd. Publishing Media Department)

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