Juli Basic Research to build the country's heavy weapon

What is technology in the future? Since the epidemic in the new crown pneumonia, more than ten thousand scientific researchers in universities have invested in the research on the prevention and control of the epidemic in the first time. At present, more than 100 new -crown virus test products have been developed in joint enterprises; Anti -new coronary virus antibody drugs were approved for listing; the Xuanfeng toxic particles developed by the Zhang Boli team developed by Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine had a good effect on shortening the course of new coronary pneumonia; universities carried out research on 5 new coronary virus vaccine technology routes, of which Sichuan University and Sichuan University and The two new crown vaccines led by Xiamen University have completed the third phase of clinical research abroad ...

The "results" of science and technology resistance are only a microcosm of the results of scientific and technological work in universities in recent years. In the past ten years, how does universities continue to improve scientific and technological innovation capabilities, promote the reform of institutional mechanisms, lead the new bureau of development with scientific and technological innovation achievements, and be the main force of basic research and major scientific and technological breakthroughs? The Ministry of Education introduced the relevant situation at a press conference held on the 19th.

Accelerate the gathering of resources and enhance the source of innovation

In the field of physics, the Xue Qikun team of Tsinghua University led for the first time to observe the quantum abnormal Hall effect from the experiment. It is a major original breakthrough in the international condensing state physics field in recent years. The structure of the ring fixing skeleton has improved the synthesis efficiency of hand -sex molecules to a new height, solving the problem that plagues the asymmetry in more than half a century. The theory, the new type of medium catalyst created can greatly improve the utilization rate of crude oil resources and provide core technical support for solving energy and environmental problems.

"Major original innovation achievements are often germinated in deep basic research, which occurs in the field of interdisciplinary cross -field. The university has natural advantages in these two aspects." Lei Chaozi, director of the Department of Science and Technology and Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, said that in the past ten years, colleges and universities have obtained it. All 10 national natural science first prizes and 67%of all natural science awards are the main basic research for basic research.

The achievements of basic research are inseparable from the gathering of innovative resources in colleges and universities. Introduction of Lei Chaozi, the university has continuously strengthened the construction of the innovation platform system for ten years. Demand, active layout and construction of 25 cutting -edge scientific centers, 14 integrated research platforms, 38 national -level collaborative innovation centers, and systematic layout key laboratories, engineering research centers, provincial and ministerial co -construction collaborative innovation centers and other platforms exceeded 1500 indivual. In addition, colleges and universities have led a number of major national scientific and technological infrastructure, high -level biological safety laboratories, and national wild scientific observation stations and other major platforms, which have initially formed a clear -level scientific research platform system with clear layers, reasonable layout, and effective support.

"In the past ten years, strategic scientists and leading talents of colleges and universities have also steadily grown. More than 40%of academicians in the country and nearly 70%of the national outstanding youth science fund winners have gathered in colleges. RD personnel have increased from 209,000 in 2012 to 334,000 years in 2021, an increase of nearly 60%. "Lei Chaozhi analyzed," It has cultivated high -quality innovative talents through high -level scientific research and supports the number Millions of masters and doctoral students cultivated, and a large number of outstanding graduates every year enter the national scientific research institutions, scientific and technological enterprises and research universities. The gathering of innovative resources has laid a solid foundation for the jumping of original innovation capabilities and key core technologies of colleges and universities. "

Face the major needs, gather together to build the country's heavy weapon

Shanghai Jiaotong University led independently to develop its first set of large maritime twisted and dredging equipment "Tianyu", which realizes the independent research and development and industrialization of large -scale twisted and dredging equipment at sea. Historical leap; the world's first global module -type high -temperature gas -cold pile nuclear power plant led by Tsinghua University's first grid -connected power generation, marking that my country has become one of the few countries in the world to master the fourth -generation nuclear energy technology; Huazhong and high -end CNC systems with independent intellectual property rights, comprehensively reached the international advanced level, and achieved batch applications in multiple fields such as aerospace; Hunan University of Science and Technology led the underwater pores deep -guaranteed core rig system "Mariu II". Breaking the dependence of my country's combustible ice exploration technology equipment ...

"In the past ten years, colleges and universities have adhered to the needs of the country's urgency and long -term needs, and have been fully touched on a group of key core technologies and 'card necks' issues to build the country's heavy weapon. In the past ten years, colleges and universities have obtained all 11 national technology inventions. 10 of the first prizes, 72%of all technical invention awards, and won two national scientific and technological progress awards, becoming the source of major scientific and technological breakthroughs. "Lei Chaozi introduced.

Tsinghua University and Zhejiang Province have jointly built the Yangtze River Delta Research Institute, and used this as a leading more than 50 major scientific research platforms, innovation and entrepreneurship platforms, introducing more than 1,000 overseas high -level talents, incubation and cultivation of more than 2,700 technology companies; Huazhong Agricultural University Leading the development of the currently only available for processing millions of groups, both genomic selection and accurate optional features, selected 11 new products of "high prince", "fast long" lean pork, and the year of outstanding genes Over 100 million pigs covering commercial pigs; Nanjing Agricultural University excavated the excellent quality and genes of rice anti -stripe blight, build a molecular breeding technical system, cultivate a series of new diseases of disease resistance, and fundamentally controlled the harm of striped leaf blight in the Yangtze River Basin. Essence Serving food security and rural revitalization, actively integrating into the regional innovation and development strategy, through artificial intelligence, carbon neutralization, rural revitalization, "Belt and Road", blockchain and other special scientific and technological innovation special action plans, colleges and universities write science and technology to report the country with excellent innovation achievements to the country. Excellent answers. "In recent years, Peking University has focused on guiding scholars to focus on economic and social development and practical problems facing national security. The school's number of teams in graphene materials, optical components devices, nitrogen bleaching semiconductors, high -end medical equipment, wheat and fruits and fruits biology Breeding, digital economy and other fields aim at national needs to promote innovative research. Academician Mei Hong's team invented the key core technologies of big data fusion, invented the "subversive 'black box interoperability technology; Academician Gao Wen's team was in ultra -high -definition video edits The field of decoding has established an international standard for my country's independent intellectual property rights, "said Sun Qingwei, vice president of Peking University.

"In the past ten years, the importance of colleges and universities in national scientific and technological innovation has been constantly prominent. In the field of basic frontiers and key core technologies, a number of iconic scientific and technological achievements have been produced. Social development provides key momentum. "Qu Zhenyuan, the former president of the Chinese Higher Education Society, analyzed." First, it is more prominent 'national mission', strengthen national needs, undertake major national scientific and technological tasks, build a major scientific research platform, solve the urgent need of the country's urgent need The problem of ‘card neck’. The second is to highlight the “active service ', organize and guide colleges and universities to condense scientific issues from the actual needs of the industry, and adopt a flexible and in -depth cooperation method to accelerate the in -depth integration of industry -university and research."

Improve the institutional mechanism, create a realistic and pragmatic and innovative ecology

Peking University explores the implementation of high -level talent introduction, training and evaluation mechanisms, and has established a talent work system for the classification evaluation and promotion of teaching and research series, full -time research series, full -time teaching series of teaching series; , Establish a mechanism for teachers' dual -employment, graduate training, intellectual property ownership, and equity distribution ... Qu Zhenyuan said that in the past ten years, through the promotion of reforms such as scientific and technological evaluation and results transformation, the value pursuit of scientific researchers is guided The innovation culture of colleges and universities has gradually created the innovative ecology of truth and pragmatic.

"In the past ten years, the Ministry of Education has vigorously promoted the reform of the scientific and technological system and mechanisms, continued to promote greater autonomy to entrepreneurship in colleges and universities, and organized universities to carry out 'expanded autonomy of universities and scientific research institutes, giving innovation to the power control rights and technological routes of the talents of innovation. The decision -making power '' expanded scientific research funding, the use of autonomy '' 'to give scientific researchers' scientific and technological achievements ownership and long -term use rights' pilots, and to over -use the relevant indicators of SCI papers in the evaluation of job title evaluation, degree awarding, performance rewards and other evaluation work The phenomenon lists a negative list, and is gradually established in colleges and universities with an evaluation orientation with innovation quality, ability, and contribution. The vitality of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities has been continuously stimulated, academic ecology is constantly optimized, and escorting the scientific and technological innovation and development of colleges. "Lei Chaozi said.

Sun Qingwei said that Peking University issued a pilot plan for the construction of a high -level research team of science and engineering to accelerate the construction of a scientific and technological research strategy supported by leading talents as the leader and high -level team; promoting the close combination of scientific research and educating people, and actively encouraged graduate students to participate in major scientific research projects. "The school focuses on the introduction of a number of strategic scientists such as Xie Xiaoliang, Evanan, and Zhu Songchun to strengthen the strategic reserves of young talents. At present, 36 to 50 teachers among the school teachers are more concentrated; . Relying on the national integration circuit production and education integration innovation platform, in -depth cooperation with industry leading enterprises to jointly develop advanced nodes in the process of developing advanced nodes, jointly cultivating more than 300 master's degree in engineering, and more than 95%of graduates in the past three years have devoted themselves to the national integrated circuit industry. "

Lei Chaozi said that in the next ten years, the Ministry of Education will focus on strengthening organizational scientific research. "In the past period, the scientific and technological work of colleges and universities has exerted the advantages of free and loose, interdisciplinary cross -disciplinary, and profound foundation. There are not enough research on major original achievements, and the support for major national strategic needs is not enough. Organizing scientific research is to aim at the forefront of international science and technology and major national needs, and change what you want to do in the past. I need to do whatever I do. ', Around the four aspects', organize major tasks, build a large platform according to the needs of the task, rely on the large platform to form a large team, and continue to have long -term research. Solid foundation".

(Reporter Zhou Shixiang)

【Edit: Fangjialiang】

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