Creamy watermelon?Rainbow watermelon?Explore the "transformation" password of watermelon

Watermelon is almost a must -have summer fruit for every family. On a hot summer day, cut a large watermelon of sand, cool and sweet, how refreshing. But now, in the face of the watermelon that has been eaten for many years, many people have brought a look at it. Especially in recent years, the watermelon of cream -flavored ice cream has appeared on the market, which is surprising. Some people say that the current watermelons are urged with potions, sweet watermelon is injected with sweetin, and those thin watermelons are genetically modified varieties ... People are increasingly dare not eat watermelon. What is the truth? The reporter interviewed Researcher Su Dongtao, head of the facility and gardening research department of the School of Agricultural Economic Management of Shanxi Agricultural University.

During the watermelon cultivation experiment, scientific researchers performed planting seedlings in the cavity substrate.

GM watermelon does not exist at all

"At present, the cream watermelon and ice cream watermelon appear on the market. We believe that it is the product name of the merchant, and it is a means of sales." Su Dongtao said that like the "sweet honey" of Yuncheng is the product name, its variety is "8424 "It is the 24th group of watermelon cultivated by the Chinese Academy of Engineering and expert Wu Mingzhu in 1984. "The variety is protected, and the name of the product is generally not protected. As long as it is sweet enough, it can be called 'Sweet Honey', or creamy watermelon, ice cream watermelon."

For sweet and red watermelon, some people suspect that it has a needle or uses genetically modified technology. Are these claims true? Su Dongtao explained this.

In fact, watermelon is a natural cooked fruit, which is also resistant to storage, and does not need storage technology. Whether it is hormone, sugar or pigment in watermelon, it will not promote the redness and sweetness of watermelon. On the contrary, the injection will also make the melon meat near the needle rot and deteriorate, which greatly shortens the storage time of watermelon. "As for genetically modified watermelons, there is no current on the market, and the country is not allowed to produce." Su Dongtao said that in my country, watermelon has a set of strict registration procedures. In 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture carried out the registration of non -major crop species. Watermelon, melon, tomatoes, etc., all belonged to non -major crops. After the successful development of watermelon varieties, the report needs to be submitted, and then it will be named after strict review. This process will take about two or three years.

In fact, most of the current watermelons on the market are hybrid varieties cultivated through molecular marking, chemical mutagneity, physical mutagneity, and conventional breeding methods. "Watermelon cultivation is the first choice of pro -based, that is, the parent and mother, which is equivalent to 'parents'. We will choose a part from dozens of hundreds of pro -proof. The matching of red soil. After the cultivation is successful, the comprehensive performance is better, compared with the same variety of watermelons in the market, depending on where its advantages are, it is not worth promoting. "Su Dongtao introduced that comprehensive performance, comprehensive performance , Refers to anti -disease, resistance (such as weakness of light, low temperature, antimony resistance, etc.), high yield, density resistance, etc. Generally speaking, 500-600 plants can be planted in one acre of sweet potatoes, and 1500-2000 plants can be planted in one acre of hanging melon. These traits also depend on their "parents".

After the variety is over, select more varieties for regional experiments. Generally speaking, if you want to promote planting in Shanxi Province, choose 5 different places from south to north, and choose one acre of land for trial planting. If you want to be promoted nationwide, you need to choose a dozen different places to try planting. Through the trial, it can judge its variety adaptability in different regions.

Finally, production experiments should be carried out to choose at least 20 acres of land for planting. This step depends on the quality stability and high yield of this variety when it is grown.

After the production experiment is over, the variety can be declared, and the application information includes graphic information from cultivation to the entire process of production experiments. "At present, we have registered more than 30 varieties." Su Dongtao introduced that the team carried out demonstrations, promotion and technical training for new watermelon varieties in Datong, Linfen, Yuncheng, Xinzhou, Luliang and other demonstration bases. mu.

Which is better? It depends on watermelon gene

Green leather red crickets are our standard impression of watermelon. However, in recent years, yellow watermelon, rainbow watermelon, etc. have also appeared on the market. In addition to green, the color of the melon skin has yellow, black, and dark green. How does these watermelons come out?

In the era when Gua farmers left, Gua Tanaka was always mixed with some yellow melon. At that time, cut watermelon depends on luck. You never know what color of the next watermelon is. Later, watermelon seeds came from the seed company, and the yellow melon was almost extinct. However, with the deepening of the research on watermelon varieties, agricultural experts separated the yellow watermelon from it, became independent varieties, and even cultivated the yellow -red rainbow watermelon.

In fact, the color of the flesh of watermelon is controlled by multiple genes. Current research shows that at least three genes control the color of melon. Each site has 2-3 equivalent genes. It is these equivalent genes that give me the colorful colors. Wild watermelon and melon -cultivated watermelon, from white, pale yellow, bright yellow to pink, orange -red, red, and even rainbow colors, which are all available. In the same principle, the color of the melon skin of watermelon is also genetic controlled by genes. Therefore, there is no need to use genetically modified technology to change the color of melon and skin.

However, some studies have shown that the sweetness of melon is different, and its sweetness is different. For example, white meat watermelon contains about 5.0%, yellow meat watermelon sugar content is distributed at about 8.5%, red meat watermelon sugar content is distributed at about 10.0%, from the overall level, red meat type fruits contain containing fruit types contained The amount of sugar is significantly higher than the type of white meat. This may be the result of long -term selection, because the white meat is mainly seed melon, and red is the meat. The yellow -skinned small fruit watermelon planted in the greenhouse.

Seed -free watermelon and contraceptives have nothing to do

As long as it is sweet enough, the color effect of the melon is not great. However, if there are melon seeds, even if they are sweet, I am afraid that few people will ask. As a result, seedless watermelon appeared on the market. However, some people say that the seedless watermelon is treated with contraceptives and contains a large amount of hormones, which is harmful to the human body. is this real?

Su Dongtao introduced that seedless watermelon and contraceptives have nothing to do. At present, there are several technologies that can achieve watermelon seedless. First of all, without pollination, the plant growth regulator is used to stimulate the female flowers of the female flowers, so that the watermelon's houses are enlarged. There is no development of seeds in the watermelon in this way, naturally seedless watermelon. However, the disadvantage of this method is obvious: First, it must be treated with flowers and flowers, and the workload must be great. The second is that the effect is not guaranteed, and it will bring problems such as thickness, malformations, and bad taste. So this technology is not practical.

The current common approach is to achieve watermelon seedless seeds by cultivating three times watermelon.

Most plants in nature are passed on by flowering seeds, but there are also a few plants that are not seeded. Most of these seeds are duplex. There are three chromosomal groups in the nucleus of the body cells. Because the number of chromosomal groups is strange, the federation disorders will occur during decreasing and division, resulting in the decomposition and division cannot be carried out normally, so the chromosomal group cannot be formed. The number of plants (such as twice, four times, etc.) can produce seeds.

In the seedling stage of ordinary duplex watermelon, it is treated with autumn water fairy (autumn water fairy element is a kind of alkaloid, which can act in the early stage of cells with silk division, inhibit the formation of the spindle shit, so that the chromosomes are doubled), which can be obtained by four times the body. watermelon. Then use this four -fold watermelon as a mother -in -law, and use ordinary double -body watermelon as the parent, and to obtain watermelon seeds containing three chromosomal groups. Planting this seed, three times the body plant. After flowering, the male flowers with ordinary double -body watermelon are pollinated to the female flower of duplex watermelon to stimulate the sub -houses of the duplex watermelon to become fruit. Finally, the melon is the three times the seedless watermelon.

In recent years, the three -folded seedless watermelon varieties cultivated by the School of Agricultural Economic Management of Shanxi Agricultural University have "Jinhua Seedless", "Jinyang Seeds", "Mozen Seedless Seeds", "Mozen Seeds No. 2" " Black Gold Seeds "" Jin Green Seed 3 "," Jinyang Seed No. 2 "," Dromy Seed 5 ".

Shao seed watermelon seeds less 易 sweet and easy to plant

Since there is already a seedless watermelon, why is most watermelon on the city still have seeds? Su Dongtao said that this has to be said that the characteristics of three times the seedless watermelon.

The three -folded seed watermelon is significantly different from ordinary duplex watermelon. The advantage is obvious: for example, during the growth period, the three times the seedless watermelon plant grows strongly, which can be fruitful, high per mu, good quality, and strong moisture and stains. Ordinary duration of watermelon is large and resistant to storage and transportation.

The disadvantage is also obvious: the three times the seedless watermelon, the seeds of the seeds are thick, the germination is not complete, and the germination is difficult. It is often necessary to take artificial breeding shells before production to benefit the seeds to germinate. It is difficult to plant it if you do not master a certain technology; the three times the seedless watermelon seedlings are weak, the seedlings are slow, and the maturity is later. , Sanxia Seed Watermelon requires annual breeding, and the price of seeds is relatively expensive. "Relatively speaking, the seed watermelon is more in line with market demand." Su Dongtao introduced, in general, there are 200-400 watermelon seeds in a watermelon, and the watermelon seeds of less seeds require about 100 watermelon seeds. This little seed watermelon is cultivated by chromosomal vulnerability.

The chromosomal spit refers to a fragment of a fragment on the chromosome, and then re -connected. The position was exchanged during the reassessment process, which caused the chromosome structure to re -discharge. Use 60CO γ -ray radiation dried seeds to obtain watermelon bonus materials, and then use the chromosomal ease system to hybridize. The hybrid generation obtained through this method can overcome the shortcomings of the three -folded seedless watermelon seed germination rate, low seedling rate, high seedling cost, expensive seed price, and complicated breeding technology. The transliteration hybrid watermelon maintains the excellent characteristics of dual -body hybridization, and reduces the number of melon seeds and increases the amount of sugar content.

The facilities and gardening departments of the School of Agricultural Economic Management of Shanxi Agricultural University have been cultivated by the chromosomal bonus in recent years. Gift Watermelon has the characteristics of short fruit development cycle, strong branches, high density, and fruitful fruit. Generally, greenhouses and greenhouses are used for anti -season cultivation. It is popular with citizens.

Four methods teach you to pick good melons

There are many types of watermelon and different tastes. Even the same variety is different. So how to distinguish and select quality watermelon from the appearance? Su Dongtao taught a set of tips for picking melon and quickly looked at it. Look at the appearance

The same variety of watermelons, the sizes at both ends, smooth surfaces, neat texture, bright and smooth epidermis, and their taste should be better;

Look at the cord

There is a small circle at the bottom of the watermelon, just like a human belly button. Generally speaking, the smaller the umbilical umbilical, the thinner the skin, the better the skin. The mature watermelon, the umbilical of the melon is sunken. If the umbilical umbilical does not show a slightly sunken shape, it is immature melon. (See the picture)

Watching Guato

The sweet and curved melon is good melon, and the melon vine is straight (see the picture). Guati is a dry indication for a long time and is not fresh.

Sound

With one hand holding watermelon, the index finger and middle finger of the other hand tap the watermelon, and the good melon will make a "嘭嘭" sound. When hearing the sound of "Dangdang" or "噗", it means It is an excessive watermelon. Reporter Yang Xiaoyan picture is provided by the respondent

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