Bao Zemin: "Four Cradle" shows that Jiangxi has made a huge contribution to the Chinese revolution

It is often said that Jiangxi is a red land. From a scientific perspective, there are more iron content in the soil. Another image explanation is that the land in Jiangxi was stained with blood with blood. According to incomplete statistics, during the second domestic revolutionary war, there were more than 250,000 revolutionary martyrs with surnames in Jiangxi.

The cradle of the Chinese Revolution, the cradle of Nanchang, the cradle of the People's Army, the Lilid Ruijin of the Republic, Anyuan, the cradle of the Chinese Workers' Movement ... In the war period, the Chinese Communist Party led the people on the red land of Jiangxi, wrote new articles, created Qiyi, Jianwei industry has structured Wen Tao and martial arts that govern the country.

Bayi Nanchang Uprising launched the first shot of armed resistance to the Kuomintang reactionaries

After the failure of the Great Revolution, the lesson of blood made the Chinese Communists deeply recognize the extreme importance of independent grasp of the army and leading the armed struggle. Although the revolutionary situation in Jiangxi turned into a low tide at that time, the new hope of revolutionary revival was still hot. They got up from a pool of blood to suppress the Kuomintang, and the Communist Party led the people to hold a Nanchang Uprising in Jiangxi to start the difficult journey of exploring and opening up a new revolutionary road.

On July 19, 1927, Li Lisan, Deng Zhongxia, Tan Pingshan, Nie Rongzhen, etc. arrived from Wuhan to Jiujiang, preparing to organize part of the army controlled by the Communist Party of China to re -establish a revolutionary base. On the 23rd, He Long, the commander of the Twenty Army, arrived in Jiujiang. Tan Pingshan asked He Long's opinion on the plan of Nanchang Uprising, and He Long agreed. On the 24th, Li Lisan held a meeting again in Jiujiang, deciding that the revolutionary army led by Ye Ting and He Long concentrated in Nanchang before July 28, and a riots held in Nanchang on the evening of the 28th. From July 24th to 25th, Zhou Enlai waited for a meeting in Wuhan to agree to the plan to launch an uprising in Nanchang proposed in the Jiujiang Conference, and decided to form the former enemy committee of the Communist Party of China by Zhou Enlai, Li Li San, Xun Daiying, and Peng Yue. , Organize and leadership uprising in Nanchang. On the 27th, Zhou Enlai, Li Lisan, Tan Pingshan, etc. arrived in Nanchang, and officially established the former enemy committee of the Communist Party of China with Zhou Enlai as the secretary in the Jiangxi Hotel, as the highest leadership agency in Nanchang Uprising.

At 2 am on August 1, the uprising broke out. After more than 4 hours of fierce fighting, the uprising troops wiped out more than 3,000 enemies, more than 5,000 guns were paid, and more than 700,000 rounds of bullets were paid. After the victory of the uprising, a joint meeting of the Communist Party and the Kuomintang leftists participated in a timely manner. The election established the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee composed of 25 people including Song Qingling and Zhou Enlai.

The Nanchang Uprising launched the first shot of armed resistance to the Kuomintang reactionaries, opened a new era of the Chinese revolution, and became a new start of the Communist Party of China independently leading the armed struggle, creating the people's army and armed regime.

The creation of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is a great initiative in the history of the Chinese revolutionary struggle

After the adaptation of Sanwan, Mao Zedong led the autumn to put up the offered forces to arrive in the ancient city of Ninggang on October 3, 1927. He held an enlarged meeting of the previous committee and focused on the establishment of a foothold and a guerrilla war in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains.

The meeting believed that Jinggangshan was an ideal place, and decided to unite and transform two local armed forces led by Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo. On October 27, the troops settled in Ziping and completed the historic march to Jinggangshan. In early November, Mao Zedong led his troops to return to Maoping and began a great struggle for the establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base.

After the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army entered Jinggangshan, they continued to win new victories of armed struggle. On November 28, 1927, the first red regime of the Hunan and Jiangxi borders, the Government of Chaling County Workers, Peasants and War Government. On January 24, 1928, the government, peasants and soldiers of Suichuan County were established. On February 21, the establishment of the Ninggang County Workers, Peasants and Army Government was held in La City, and Ninggang became a military base for the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army. With the establishment of the Government of the Workers and Peasants and Army of the Three County, Suichuan, and Ninggang, the consolidation of the separatist area, and the recovery of the party organization, the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base has initially implemented the scale, and the situation of the border armed separation was initially formed.

On May 20, 1928, the first congress of the Xiangxi -Jiangxi border was held, and the first CPC Hunan -Jiangxi Border Special Committee was elected. Subsequently, the county party organizations have developed greatly. By June, there were county committees in lotus and Qixian County, and there were more than 10,000 party members in each county. With the victory of the military struggle, the red area of ​​Jinggangshan has expanded rapidly. The Hunan -Jiangxi border workers, peasants and soldiers' government was established to uniformly lead the red regimes of counties.

The creation of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base is a glorious model for the party to transfer the focus of work from the city to the countryside. It is a great initiative in the history of the Chinese revolutionary struggle. In practice, the establishment of a rural revolution base is created in practice. the way.

Interim Central Government Ruijin: "Red Capital" of the Chinese Soviet Republic

On November 7, 1931, this red land in Jiangxi is always proud and memorable. On this day, the temporary central government of the Chinese Soviet Republic was established in Ruijin.

Since the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the August 7th meeting, in early 1930, in addition to Mao Zedong and Zhu De leading the Red Army, there were many revolutionary bases in the country in addition to the Red Army of Jinggangshan, southwestern Gan, and western Fujian.

Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan, Huang Gongluo and other leaders created by leaders and red areas of Hunan and Jiangxi and the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi areas, Fang Zhimin, Zodiac, and Shao -style were founded in the red region of the northern northern Jiangxi northern Jiangxi, and the Guangdong East River red area created by Peng Yue and Gu Da Cun. Yang Qiongya red area created by the leaders such as Shanji, Wang Wenming, and the red areas of the Hunan and Hubei and the western Hunan and Hubei red areas created by the leaders such as He Long and Zhou Yiqun, the red area of ​​the Hubei -Henan and Anhui border created by Wu Guanghao and Daikmin, Deng Xiaoping, Deng Xiaoping, and Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Yunyi and Weibuqun and other leaders created by leaders of Guangxi River Red Area. These red areas are all over the provinces of Gan, Fujian, Hunan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Anhui, and Gui, forming the trend of star fire. However, due to the scattered regions, these red areas are not allowed to communicate with each other, and it is extremely inconvenient to connect with the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai, which objectively adds the difficulties of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the work guidance of various red regions across the country. The Communist International Council believes that the new climax of the Chinese revolution will soon come, asking the Communist Party of China to strengthen the leadership of the struggle against the Soviet areas across the country, and also requires mutual information between the Soviet areas of the country to strengthen contact in order to be better in the struggle. Cooperate with each other. As a result, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided on January 20, 1930 to convene a National Congress of the Soviet Region to discuss a plan.

Just as the "Central Preparatory Committee of the One Soviet Conference" was in full swing, Chiang Kai -shek launched three large -scale "encirclement" in the Central Soviet Area, which caused the meeting to be forced to postpone 4 times, and finally was confirmed to be held on November 7, 1931. On this day 14 years ago, the great Russian October Revolution achieved a glorious victory.

The date of the meeting is determined, but where is the "capital" of the "capital" of the upcoming Chinese Soviet Republic? The Communist International Executive Committee first thought of the red area of ​​Zhu Mao Hongjun's activity. They believe that only when the Chicken area is going to establish a Soviet interim central government can it be the safest and reliable, and the most convenient to lead the work of the Soviet region nearby. This is a very important and wise decision. It is not a simple meeting place, showing that in a country like a semi -feudal semi -colonial country in China, the hope of revolutionary victory cannot be entrusted on the victory of the central city armed riots. The road is the correct choice of history.

The Red Army and Jiangxi Soviet areas led by Mao Zedong did not send representatives to attend the preparatory committee. Over the past two months, Mao Zedong and his comrades -in -arms did not know about the establishment of the Soviet Interim Central Government. However, the responsibility of history has quietly fell on his shoulder.

In the early morning of November 7, 1931, the Ping Ping Red Army Parade Plaza was full of voices and passwords. The first army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army held a parade to celebrate the "One Soviet Conference". On the afternoon of November 9, Mao Zedong made a "Report of Political Issues" to the Central Committee on behalf of the Central Bureau of the Soviet Area of ​​the Communist Party of China. The conference passed the draft laws and regulations such as the Constitutional Outline, Labor Law, Land Law, and Marriage Law, and draft decisions such as the Red Army issues, economic policies, etc., and decided that the interim central government was stationed in Ruijin and changed to "Ruijing". Ruijin became the red capital of the Chinese Soviet Republic.

The first party organization established on the land of Anyuan Road, the Communist Party of China

Anyuan Coal Mine is located in Pingxiang, Jiangxi. It is collectively known as Anyuan Road Mining and Zhu Ping Railway. It is an important part of China's earliest steel joint enterprise, Hanyan Ping Coal and Railway Factory Mining Co., Ltd.

After the establishment of the Communist Party of China, the work movement was first carried out as the focus of work. In the fall of 1921, Mao Zedong, the secretary of the Hunan branch of the Hunan branch of the Communist Party of China and the director of the Hunan Branch of the Chinese Labor Portrait Department, went to Anyuan Coal Mine for inspection. He used the relationship between his fellow villagers to live in Changmao Ziyun's house in Xiping Lane, Anyuan Coal Mine. He visited the mines and e -sheds in the name of the mine, extensively exposed to workers, understood the suffering of workers and the situation of road mines, and inspired the workers' stage of consciousness. After a week of inspection, Anyuan believes that Anyuan is a good place to establish the party's grass -roots organization and launch the workers' movement. After returning to Changsha, Mao Zedong and Hunan labor leader Huang Ai agreed, asking Huang Ai to try to establish a communication contact with Anyuan workers. After that, Zhu Shaolian, a train driver of the Zhu Ping Railway Bureau, used the opportunity of sports cars to come to Changsha to bring public journals such as Labor Weekly and Labor Weekly to Anyuan. Essence

In November of the same year, Mao Zedong came to Anyuan with Li Lisan and Song Yousheng again, talked with workers, further done ideological enlightenment, publicized the necessity of organizing workers' groups, and decided to send Li Lisan to Anyuan to work. After Li Lisan arrived in Anyuan, he widely publicized Marxism among workers. He successively absorbed 8 members of the Chinese Socialist Youth League, and established the Anyuan Branch of the Chinese Socialist Youth League at the end of the same year. Subsequently, Li Lisan founded the Workers' Tuition School to combine the cultural knowledge of professors and the publicity of Marxism, and achieved good results. In the process, Li Lisan absorbed the backbone of six workers including Zhu Shaolian and Li Dusheng as the Communist Party members. In February 1922, the Mining Branch of the Anyuan Road of the Communist Party of China was established.

After the establishment of the Anyuan Branch of the Communist Party of China, with the continuous development of the road mining workers' movement, the number of party members increased rapidly.In the spring of 1923, the CPC Anyuan District Committee was established on the basis of the branch. By October 1924, party members increased to 108 people and established party groups at the roads consumer cooperatives, club organs, etc.After January 1925, the group was renamed the branch, and there were 230 party members.The Anyuan Branch of the Communist Party of China was the first party organization established on the land of Jiangxi and the first party branch among Chinese industrial workers.The establishment of the Anyuan Road Mine Party Organization marks the combination of Marxism with the Jiangxi Workers' Movement.Since then, Anyuan Road and miners have their own core leadership, and the workers' movement has entered a new stage.

(The author is a member of the Standing Committee of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee and a political member of the Provincial Military Region)

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The article was published on the 6th edition of the 6th edition of the "Learning Times" on July 18, 2022

Editor in this issue: Wang Xue

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