Lantern: Without me, no matter how good the car is, the "blind"

The following article comes from WeChat public account: China Popular Science Expo, Author X-Y team

If you want to select the most important means of transportation in modern human society, cars will definitely make the top of the list without suspense. As an indispensable loyal partner for people to travel, the importance of cars is self -evident.

It has greatly broaden people's active radius, improves life and work efficiency, and makes people use a shorter time to exchange more space. and. Because of this, the development of automobiles is closely related to the progress of the entire human beings, and the history of automobile development is also the history of human scientific and technological progress.

Image source: veer gallery

Since the German Karl Benz (Mercedes -Benz is named after his name) in 1885, the car lights have also been born as an auxiliary tool on the car. As the eye of the car, the lights have always been an important "organ" to ensure the normal safety of the car.

The world's first car Mercedes -Benz No. 1 Picture Source: Author shooting

The design is refreshing, and the ingenious car lights have also become the finishing touch that car engineers are constantly pursuing. Some car lights are full of light, "secretly sending autumn waves"; some lamps are powerful, like Tomahawk, each with its own characteristics, even becoming a big selling point for some luxury cars, and gradually becomes its own business card.

Some distinctive car lights, picture sources: Author self -made

Starting from the initial portable kerosene lamps, the development of car lights has gone through four stages, namely the first generation of incandescent lamps, the second -generation halogen lamp, the third -generation high -pressure gas discharge lamp, and the latest fourth -generation fourth generation LED (light emitting diode) lamp.

PART.1

Ancient incandescent lamp

The incandescent lamp invented by the invention Edison in 1879 is destined to be the first choice for the car lights that replace the car oil lamp at the beginning, especially on some master cars. Even incandescent lamps have a place even in the current lighting market. It flows through the current through current flowing through tungsten wires and reaches the incandescent state. The temperature can reach 3000 ° C. High -temperature tungsten wires are lighting out of radiating photons outward.

However, tungsten wires will continue to volatilize tungsten atoms and eventually cool them on the inner wall of the glass tube during high temperature work, making the life of incandescent lamps short, and to avoid the rapid loss of tungsten wires, it has to reduce its working temperature, and then it will then then Restricted its glowing brightness. Due to the lower color temperature, the incandescent light shines yellow. Fortunately, the limitations of incandescent lamps as lamps are quickly compensated by halogen lights.

Image source: veer gallery

PART.2

Advanced version of halogen lamp

The halogen lamp began in the 1970s. It was actually an upgraded version of the above -mentioned incandescent lamp. By adding halogen elements (iodine or bromine, etc.) to incandescent lamps, the brightness of the incandescent lamp can be increased by 1.5 times. -4 times. Its working principle is: when the tungsten atoms generated by the filament at high temperature are evaporated towards the direction of the glass tube wall, when the wall is close to the glass tube wall, the tungsten steam is cooled to about 800 ° C and combined with the halogen atoms (Tungsten iodide or tungsten bromide). Tungsten tungsten folding back to the center of the glass tube continued to move, and returned to the oxidized filament.

Because tungsten tungsten is a very unstable compound, it will be resolved into halogen vapor and tungsten after heating, so that tungsten is deposited on the filament to make up for the evaporated part. Through this regeneration cycle, the cumulative service life of the filament can reach 400-500 hours, and the conversion can work in a car for 4-6 years.

Image source: veer gallery

At the same time, because the filament can work at a higher temperature, it can also obtain higher brightness, higher color and higher luminous efficiency. Because it is upgraded on the basis of incandescent lamps, in terms of glowing color, the halogen lights are close to the incandescent lamp, all of which are yellowish and platinum, and have a better penetrating effect in the rain and mog environment. Because the price of halogen lamps is cheap, it is also the choice of most car cars until now.

PART.3

It sounds very cool high -voltage gas discharge lamp

High -voltage gas discharge lamp refers to packaging high -voltage gas instead of tungsten wire in a quartz glass tube, and uses high -voltage current to activate high -pressure gas to generate arc light discharge. Common high -voltage gas discharge lights include mercury lamps, sodium lamps, and pyrine lamps. Generally, the lamps are used on car lights. In the 1990s, the lamp manufacturer Hila pushed the technical mature carnivorous lamp to the market. Because there is no need to heat tungsten wire through high temperature, the pyrine lamp can provide a more stable lighting output than the halogen lamp, and the light intensity of the pyrine lamp is three times higher than the halogen lamp, but the energy consumption is only two -thirds, only 35 W W. about.

Picture source: Author shooting

Not only that, the light color of the ghost lamp is almost the same as the sun, and it can create a better visual experience for the dazzling white white. These advantages and characteristics of the ghost lamp have greatly improved the safety and comfort of driving. More importantly, the theoretical life of the ghost lamp can reach 3,000 hours, which is significantly improved compared to halogen lamps. Based on the above advantages, the amount of used lamps is increasing day by day, especially the general use lamp type of mid -to -high -end cars.

PART.4

Powerful LED light

The LED light is used as a light source through the light emitting diode. Due to cost reasons, it is only available on higher -end models. Compared with all the above -mentioned lights, LEDs have the lowest energy consumption and the longest service life, and the general life span can reach 50,000 hours. The luminous color of the LED is roughly the same as the lanterns, all of which are bright white like sunlight. However, it takes 3-4 seconds to delay the turning on the lamp. The LED can achieve instant lighting, so when the LED is applied to the steering signal light and high brake light, it can meet the emergency response needs during the vehicle driving process, and the light source can be met, and the light source It can be processed into any shape, which has the advantages of large modeling space and strong sense of science and technology.

Although LED headlights are the best comprehensive performance in the three car headlights, and the price is the most expensive, so in addition to being used as headlights on some high -end models, it is mainly used as a daytime running lights.

Picture source: Author shooting

What kind of car headlights are used for your car, you still have to decide according to your own car. If you usually drive in the urban area, ordinary halogen headlights are completely sufficient, and because of its yellowing glowing color, it has better penetration and recognition in the rain and mogic environment. If it is often running out of the suburbs or the situation of the condition of the lanterns, the pyrine lamps can make up for the lack of optical fiber and road conditions due to its higher brightness and relatively close price.

Different car lights Lighting comparison pictures Source: Author produced

For car owners who are pursuing driving experiences and allowables, LED lights are a good choice. However, the more brighter the car light is, because when the car meets the car at night, it will affect the attention of the other driver, which will bring hidden safety hazards.

references:

[1] Yang Lijun, Zhao Yu. Auto car lighting technology and shape development analysis [J]. Automobile practical technology, 2019 (24): 3..

[2] Guan Weili. Research on the development of car lights based on patented analysis [D]. North China Academy of Aerospace Industry.

[3] Yang Zhengbo. Auto's "previous life" and "future" and "future" [J]. Mathematical and Mathematicalization: cooperate with human education social materials, 2015 (Z1).

[4] Chen Yan. The current situation of car lighting and its development prospects [J]. Light and lighting, 1989 (3): 3.. 3.

[5] Chengbo. Talk about the current situation and development trend of car lighting [J]. Times Auto, 2017 (01x): 2. 2.

This article is authorized to reprint from WeChat public account: China Popular Science Expo Author: X-Y team

Reprinted content only represents the author's point of view

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It does not represent the high energy office of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Edit: Matthalin pig

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