The new study pointed out: Aliens may not have been here recently, will it come in the future?

The Galaxy of the solar system is composed of more than 100 billion stars, as well as planets with more planets than stars.

NASA/JPL-California Institute of Technology

・ A newly published research paper states that in the galaxy where human beings live, civilizations outside the earth may exist outside the various star systems.

・ This study provides a new perspective for "no trace of alien smart creatures" for "Fermi Paradox".

・ The authors of the paper put forward various scenarios in response to the possibility of "although aliens exist and have no communication with humans." For example, it is possible that aliens have visited the earth, but the "recent" that humans have begun to pay attention to have not come.

・ In addition, the study shows that an alien who is preparing to cross the star system may be waiting for the time to shorten the distance between the livable star system.

The Milky Way may be full of various alien life civilization. In these 10 million years, there have been no aliens who have visited Earth, maybe we may not notice it.

In August 2019, a research paper was published in the academic journal "Astrophysical Journal". The paper states that alien smart creatures may be using the movement of various star systems, sailing in space in a way without any energy consumption, and spending time to explore in the Milky Way.

This study can be regarded as a new answer to questions named "Fermi Paradox". This paradox refers to such a contradiction: Although it is highly likely that the alien civilization is high, the evidence that has been contacted with alien civilization does not seem to exist.

This paradox was first proposed by ENRICO Fermi, a physicist as its name, in 1950. It is said that Fermi once asked, "Where are they all?"

The European Aerospace Bureau (ESA) detector "Gaia" in the stars in the galaxy

European Aerospace Bureau

The discussion theme when Fermi asked is actually whether the voyage between stars can be realized. But after that, its meaning gradually became a question of whether alien creature itself existed.

In 1975, Michael H. Hart, a celestial physicist, published a research paper for this issue. Hart pointed out: Since the birth of the galaxy, it has been about 13.6 billion years since the birth. During this period, although there was enough time for the wisdom life to colonize the galaxy, there was no sign on the earth to indicate such actions. Judging from this point, Hart concluded that there should be no other creatures with high civilization except human beings.

The research results published this time provided a new perspective for this issue. The authors of the paper thought about: Alien life body may only consume time and is still exploring strategically.

The main authors of the research papers, computing scientists, Jonathan Carroll-Nelenback, commented in an interview with Business Insider:

"If you don't consider the sports of the stars, there are only two conclusions. One is that there are no planetary creatures who have left their birth and growth, and the other is that only us humans with high -tech civilization in this galaxy."

The stars (and the planets and satellites around their movements) belong to the galaxy are rotated at the center of the galaxy as a shaft at the center of different tracks and speeds. Therefore, sometimes a star system passes by with another star system. Carroll-nellenback pointed out. Therefore, alien creatures may be waiting for the target to approach themselves.

If so, the time required to spread advanced civilization in the universe will be longer than Hart speculated in the 1970s. In this case, the aliens may not have visited the earth. Or they may have visited, but in a distant past, human evolution has evolved until now.

Related new concepts of interstellar navigation

A radio telescope facility used to search for alien biosenolic telescope facilities "Allen Telescopic Mirror (ATA)" parabolic antenna

Seti Institute

For a long time, researchers have tried various methods to explore Fermi paradox. Some studies survey the possibility of survival in the ocean lower than the surface of the surface. Others make assumptions: Before being able to become interstellar, civilization may have become lost and collapsed, and related research has been conducted.

There is also a conjecture called "zoo hypothesis". This hypothesis refers to: in the Milky Way, there is a common agreement consisting of a society composed of a smart life body, namely: does not interfere with our human beings. The reason for the establishment of a nature reserved area for this is the same reason for protecting the aboriginal people who do not connect with the outside world.

On the other hand, the research team of Oxford University proposed in a paper published in 2018: It is estimated that the probability of human beings is the only smart life body in the galaxy, and the probability of even about 33%in the entire universe is about 33%.

However, the authors of the research papers published this time pointed out that these past studies have rarely considered an important reality about the Milky Way. That is, the stars in the galaxy are also moving. Just like the planet spin around the star, each star system moves around the galaxy center. For example, the solar system that human beings live in are also rotating around the galaxy per 230 million years.

The new thesis pointed out that if the wisdom life civilization is booming far away from other civilizations (including the rising earth civilization that rises in the remote areas of the Galaxy), then by waiting for the star system to reside to be close to themselves, it can shorten the navigation distance between the stars. After reaching a new star system, the aliens will wait for the voyage distance with another star system to reach the best and then move to that star system. The nearest star to the solar system, the neighboring star, is about 4.25 light years from the earth.

European Aerospace Administration/Hubble/National Aerospace Bureau

In this case, aliens should not move high -speed in the Milky Way. It takes a long time to wait for the star system to be close to another star with a livable environment.

"If this 'long time' is one billion years, then this is a kind of answer to the Fermi paradox." Carroll-Nelenback pointed out,

"Because the celestial bodies with residential conditions are very rare, civilization may have perished before the distance between these celestial bodies that can be sailed again."

The galaxy may be full of the star system where alien life lives live

In order to further explore the scenes of alien life, the research team used mathematical models to simulate the speed of civilization spreading in the galaxy. At that time, a variety of factors such as fictional civilization to new stars, the types and speeds of the detector used during interstellar navigation, and the transmission frequency of the detector.

The imagination of NASA "Traveler" detector in outer space. "Traveler No. 2" launched a launch in August 1977, and left the Japanese ball in 2018 to enter the interstellar space.

National Aerospace Bureau

The research team did not explore the motivation of alien life or its social background. Because some people pointed out that these are traps that researchers are easily falling in when trying to clarify Fermi paradox. Carroll-Nelenback said: "We have been trying to create a model, a model of less hypothetical (alien) society as much as possible."

Despite this, there is a problem with the modeling of "the speed of spreading to the galaxy": there is only one data at hand at hand, namely human data. All speculations are based on human behavior.

But even under such restrictions, this study also shows that the Milky Way may be full of a star system where human beings do not know. This possibility is authentic even if the interstellar navigation speed and frequency of extraordinary life is conservatively estimated.

Carroll-Nelenback pointed out: "All the star systems are livable, and may even actually have a living body. But they have not visited the earth because the distance may be too far away." At the same time, he also pointed out that this hypothesis also said that this hypothesis says Although it may be true, it is not necessarily.

Although they are all called ground planets, their size or compositions are different.

NASA/JPL-CALTECH/R. Damage (SSC-California Institute of Technology)

At present, nearly 4,000 solar systems have been observed, but no one confirms that there is a life body. Despite this, the exploration activities are still insufficient. There are at least 100 billion stars in the Milky Way of the solar system alone, and the number of planets can be imagined. Recent research shows that as many as 10 billion in these planets may be land -like planets.

Therefore, the authors of the research papers wrote: If there is no life in these planets that do not exist at all on these planets, it is not as if they have explored the very small part of the ocean. It is too early to say that the whole ocean is not as early as dolphins.

Alien life may have visited the earth in the past

There is another point about the discussion of alien life. That is, McCell Hart is called "Fact A": there is no sign that there is no sign to visit the earth from other stars, and there is no sign that he has visited the earth in the past.

But the author of this research believes that it is not possible to assert that aliens have never reached the earth.

The authors of the paper pointed out: Even if the aliens with civilization visited the earth millions of years ago, the evidence they visited today should not have any evidence. To. The authors noticed the past research results: we may not be able to find the evidence of the past lives that have visited the earth in the past.

In addition, the author also pointed out that the idea of ​​alien life body may be biased towards "the planets who do not want to visit the life of life." It tells the idea that "aliens should want to go to a life of life" are simply described as the result of the human thinking that regards the "expansion of living" as "conquest".

The author considers all these factors to create a mathematical model. Assuming that the civilized alien creature only settled in a small part of the liveable celestial bodies they encountered and made an estimate.

The authors of the paper said: Despite this, if the number of celestial bodies is sufficient, it is not surprising that alien creatures have spread throughout the galaxy.

Need further research

The insights of the research team are that although no traces of life outside the earth have been found, there is no need to feel disappointed.

"This does not mean that human beings are lonely in the universe." Carroll-nerynback raised it. "It can only indicate that planets with living conditions of life are probably rare and cannot be easily reached."

In the next few years, the ability to detect and observe other livable planets outside the earth is estimated to be significantly improved. Because the new telescope is now under construction, there are already a lot of telescope and detection satellites that have been launched to space.

The main mirror of James Weber Space Telescope developed in NASA. It consists of 18 hexagonal mirrors.

James Weber space telescope is now launched

National Aerospace Administration/Chris Gunn

The exterior planet detection satellites launched in 2009 has made a leap in exploring the outer planet that may live in the galaxy. The Hubble Space Telescope: HST and the TRANSITING Exoplanet Survey Satellite: TESS (TESS) is still exploring the planet from the orbit.

In addition, the James Weber Space TeleScope: JWST, which is currently developing and planning to launch in March 2021, further expands the space for exploring, and even hopes to observe the other side of the big explosion. Essence

Improving the ability to infer whether humans are the only intelligent life body in the universe, what is needed is more data about the speed and navigation range of "interstellar navigation cosmic ships". In addition, it is helpful to better grasp the fictional "alien civilization".

Carroll-Nelenback shows: "We have not enough data points at all."

By: Morgan McFall-Johnsen

Fy: Yu Wu

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