Yuncheng Salt Insurance Center launched the Salt Lake Water System Survey on Day 279

To be precise, walking into the "Black River", "entering" is history.

Heihe -Picture from the 30th year of Qing Daoguang (1850) Shanxi Dongyanchi Map is now hidden in the National Library of the National Library.

For Yuncheng Yanchi, Heihe is a topic that cannot be around in his past memory.

Heihe relics near Chi Nangwu section

Under the leadership of Guan Yan, deputy director of the center and Lu Guoyu, director of the office, the research team visited the story about Heihe.

Tourists who have been to the Yuncheng Museum may know that in the theme exhibition hall of the third exhibition hall of the museum, the "Map of Hedong Salt Pond" carved on both sides of the preface hall tells about the salt patrol of Wu Kai, "micro -service" micro -service "micro -service" The story of private visits also truly records the existence of Heihe.

The literature comes from the "Note of the Hedong Salt Law Preparation Collection" (Part 1)

The topographic map of the development of the development of the Hedong salt industry in the Ming Dynasty, the carving was carved with "picture description" - "The Salt Model of the South Bank". At the beginning, the existence of the Heihe River: "The north and south of Yanchi, more than 50 miles of east and west. The people near the south bank are light in water, the salt flowers are rare, and the black mud is more commonly known as the black river."

In the text, the appearance of Heihe also described the description: "The black river is wide, and there is no place to the foot, and it doesn't matter if the salt bed is also. Shocking pile of Qiong. "

During the Qing Dynasty, the painting fan "General Map of Hedong Salt Pond"

In fact, we found the shadow of Heihe on various historical materials carriers.

The "Black Water River" mentioned in the painting fan "Hedong Yanchi" during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty is what we call the "Black River". The author wrote a paragraph written by the work of work describing the general orientation of the Heihe: the beach is high in the north, there is a long embankment weir in the south, the outer reeds of the weir do not grow salt, and the person near the long embankment is called the Heishui River.

The literature comes from the 54th year of the Qing Dynasty (1789) "Hedong Salt Law Preparation"

Hedong Salt Transport made Jiang Zhaokui's "Hedong Salt Law Preparation" recorded in Heihe more detailed: "The Heihe circle enters the forbidden wall, is close to the shore, stretching things, extremely humble, pure black, so it is named Heihe. After the rain, the water gathered in the river, it is not soaked in the years, the socks are mature, the halogen is the most intense, the sun is exposed to the sun, and the effect is very fast; it is the mother of the river to produce salt. "

The meaning of the above paragraph is simply: the water of Heihe does not dry all the year, and there are a lot of salt in it. The water is used here to make the salt, which is good and fast. Therefore, at the time, people called Heihe the "mother of salt".

The ancient Heihe is the main river of salt pond. It is the basic raw material for "inexhaustible and inexhaustible" of the salt. "Five days can be made, the grains are large and white, and the taste is pure."

The picture comes from the full picture of He Dongyanchi in 1915. It is now hidden in the National Library of China (part)

This picture comes from the 54th year of the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1789), the full picture of Hedong Yanchi "Hedong Salt Law Preparation" (partial)

Salt culture experts said that from the position judgment displayed from the "Map of Hedong Salt Pond", the original Black River position was in the southeast direction of Yanchi, which was a limited one, which is the place of inspection of Wu Kai. Later, people expanded the concept of Heihe, and called the entire long lake surface of the east and west of Yanchi as the Heihe River. From east to west to Yanchi, the river is pushed by the monsoon, and it slowly flows from the east to the west. Occasionally, the dark mud is occasionally exposed.

It is understood that the size of the Heihe River in the Qing Dynasty was quite large. But the records here seem to be exaggerated, because the area of ​​the salt pond is based on the Ming Dynasty records: "Fifty miles, and the seven miles." This means that the Heihe is almost equal to the entire area of ​​the salt pond, which is obviously inaccurate. But it can be believed that Heihe occupies most of the areas of Yuncheng Yanchi.

Perhaps it is precisely because of the existence of Heihe that it can produce a large amount of salt by the sun exposure. Hedong Salt Chi became an important source of fiscal revenue in the country during the Tang and Song dynasties.

The literature comes from the existence and demise of Heihe, "Three Three Thousand Years of Hedong Salt"

However, such an important "mother of salt" was set in the 22nd year of Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1757 AD). This year, the Heihe was flooded and it disappeared.

Regarding the specific reasons for the flooding of Heihe, there are detailed introduction to the cause and consequences of historical data "case papers":

On the fourth day of August of this year, the villagers of the bottom of the villagers were used in the temple of the village to sit idle, and the villagers Cao Wenshan, Ren Enzhong, and Cao Wenji also chatted in the temple. Ren Yue said that when there was too much autumn rain, the nitric pond was full, the beach could not be cultivated, the water was deep and difficult to fish. There was no way to protect the livelihood along the villagers of the pond. You can plant wheat near the beach nearby, and it can also be convenient to fish after the water is shallow. Ren Yue also said that if the government investigates, he is willing to take responsibility and plead guilty.

On the evening of the eighth day of August, Ren Yue used Cao Wenshan to convene a cricket in the village, excavated at the place near the nital pool weir near Beiwupu Zhongwan, and soon the water rushed down. At that time, Xiezhou Zhizhou and Salt Transport came to the scene after hearing the report. The nitric pool weir had been flushed for more than 30 feet, and the water was turbulent. The pool ban wall was also washed away, and the water potential went straight into the salt pond.

The situation recorded in the historical materials is: "The floods outbreak, Qilang, Zhuo Dao and other embankments were rushed, and more than 50 feet of the Westbound Westward Westward Westward Westward West Salt Ponds." Heihe was buried under the sediment. The mother of salt disappeared. After this incident, the villagers participating in the digging of the weir were punished to varying degrees.

The above is the record of salt archives and Jiezhou County Chronicle, which is the official statement. The legend of folk is another "version": the floods came particularly in that year. Villages, fields, and houses near Xiezhou in the west of Yanchi were flooded, and the lives and property of tens of thousands of people were in danger. In this case, the villagers of Dachang Village gathered the masses, and Cao Wenshan gathered the masses, and went to Xiezhou officials to ask for help and requested the water to enter the salt pond. The state official refused to agree. On one night, Ren Yue used the leading masses to secretly digging open nitric ponds, Qilang, etc., and put water into the salt pond. Tao Tao's floods wrapped in the sediment, poured into the salt pond, drowned the sheds of the salt -picked salted field, and also drowned the Heihe.

According to the "Hedong Salt Law Preparation" Jiezhou County records, due to the flood with mud, the black river was covered by the loess, and the salt gas could not be steamed. In addition, the river body is narrow, and water storage and drainage are very difficult, so the Heihe has been buried under the sediment.

Hedong Yanzheng Najun played the emperor Heihe's flooding incident

Shanxi governor Tatong Ning Ning invited the Emperor Qianlong and the underwriting of the Black River to be criticized

After the Heihe was flooded, then the governor of Shanxi, Jiang Zhou, was exchanged (transferred to Shandong). The newly appointed governor of Shanxi Tatong Ning Ning was escaped in a memorial. , Emperor Qianlong made a royal batch on Tagin Ning's memorial on September 10, and his wording was very harsh: "Stealing the water under the water will naturally break the ban on the ban. If you take the reputation in the people, you will use it to use it, and you will be cautious, and you can do it. You can do it. You have a blessing in your life. You can bear the grace. Thinking, I am afraid that Ruyi Xiaoying, regret using Ru Zhi, wrong. "

Salt culture experts said that the Emperor Qianlong's imperial approval point directly to the heart of human nature. The Lord of the people should be based on national interests. Any collective or personal interests must obey national interests. Tasongin was "frightened and self -contained."

According to reports, in addition to Jiang Zhou and Ta Yongning, the incident also involved the officials of Hedong Yanzhong Najun, which led to Nantanzhu, Qiao Guanglie, Hedong Road, Zhangzhen, Zhizhou, Jiezhou, Wang Jie, Changle Division Inspection of Sun Zhe, Yanchi Division inspected Huang Bin and so on. In the end, the incident made a decision (Ren Yueyong, Cao Wenshan, Li Jintang), the three people twisted (equivalent to death), and more than 110 people were held accountable and ended.

The literature comes from the "Note of the Hedong Salt Law Preparation Collection" (Part 1)

The black river was flooded, causing the salt output to plummet. In the forty -first year of Qianlong (1776 AD), the period of salt administration said in a chapter: from 31 to 34 years, there were more than 4,300 salt (more than 120 million pounds), The average of more than 1,000 salt per year (about 30 million kg). This number shows that since the twenty -two years of Qianlong, after ten years, Yanchi's production vitality has not been recovered.

Heihe disappeared, but the efforts of the future generations did not stop. In the forty -first year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the black river recovery project of the surface of the surface of the surface was removed by picking excavation and deepening the river slot. However, due to the softness of the salt pond soil, it collapsed before, and the project eventually ended in failure.

At this moment, through the smoke clouds of history, we can re -find clues about the Heihe, that is, we hope to better understand the process of Yanyang's salt pond production by reviewing the past of Yanchi; Multi -wake -up: The entry of outer water is sometimes fatal to the destruction of the salt pond. Therefore, how to better guard the salt pond in the new era, we should learn lessons and experiences from history.

Zhang Tong Wang Haiyan Xue Jixin

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