Why do you like to migrate in his life, why like to "settle" in Beijing?

From the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games to today's central axis, Beijing Swift has never been absent.

The full text is 4884 words, it takes about 8 minutes to read, and the video time is 04 minutes and 12 seconds

"Foot Birds" Beijing Swift: Migrate nearly 30,000 kilometers each year, and can channel 37 countries. Beijing News (ID: xjbdxw)

Beijing News reporter Zhang Lu, Wu Tingting Li Muyi Xue Xue Xue Xue Zhang Zhang Shujing Bai Shuang

There is a kind of bird that spent his life in migration, and even eating, mating, and sleeping in the air. They also engraved Beijing in their own names: Swift.

They arrive in Beijing to build nests in April each year, flying south to winter in mid -July, and now they are about to fly away from Beijing.

On July 12, Yanyang Gate Tower, the Yansan was passing by lightly from the eaves bucket arch. Beijing News reporter Li Muyi Photo

Zhengyangmen, one of the most representative ancient buildings on the central axis of Beijing, is also the place where the Swift is reproduced. Beijing Girls' decibels from home to the Juvenile Palace when they were young, passing through the front door, Zhengyangmen, Tiananmen, Forbidden City, and Jingshan, when they looked up, they could see the rainy latri surrounded by the city.

From the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games to today's central axis, Beijing Swift has never been absent.

The mascot "Nini" of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was designed with Swift in Beijing; in January this year, the Beijing Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau and the Beijing Central Axis Application Protection Office and other units launched the first digital for Beijing's central axis application. Image- "Beijing Swift".

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From protection to research

Zhengyangmen must be "the bottom of the family" for Beijing Swift

Over the years, Zhengyangmen has not only set up a video surveillance system for the Yansan Nest acupoint hidden on the top floor of the city building, but also carried out research research to better protect these "aborigines" in Beijing.

On July 12, on the building of Zhengyangmen City, the Swift passed by the eaves. Beijing News reporter Li Muyi Photo

Five years of uninterrupted monitoring, obtaining precious video information of Swift Reproduction

On the morning of July 6, on the building of Zhengyangmen City, the royal swallows passed by lightly from the eaves bucket arches. They or hovered or hovered. It seemed to be a naughty child. It is where they play and inhabit.

Yuan Xuejun, an associate researcher at the Beijing Central Heritage Protection Center, has worked in Zhengyangmen for more than 30 years. Every summer, she is accompanied by Swift. In recent years, Yuan Xuejun has carried out in -depth research research around Beijing's Swift in Zhengyangmen Tower. She also gave the staff a lot of names for these Beijing Swift, such as A Dao, Happy, Xiaofu and so on. Because of his love for Yanyan, Yuan Xuejun was also affectionately called "Swift Mother" by everyone.

From the level of Zhengyangmen City Tower, the distance from Swift is getting closer and closer. It is understood that the Swift is generally accompanied by Chaoxia to leave the nest and return to the nest with the sunset. However, about 10:30 am on the day of the reporter, a large number of swallows still hovered above Zhengyangmen City. Yuan Xuejun said with a smile: "Now when the Swift and Yanyan came out of the nest to practice flying, the Swift flew relatively low, and we still see it clearly."

Yuyan reads the old. After the nesting of the nest in the first year, the second and third year, so that each year will "go home" every year. Over the years, the top floor of Zhengyangmen City has become the "apartment building" of Swift.

In order to study and protect the rainfall, Zhengyangmen has been lifted 7 high -definition cameras on the top floor of the city building in the city of Swift since 2018. It has been observed for 24 hours of the Yansan Nest. The precious video materials of the growth of nests, spawning, incubation, and new rain swallows grow.

Through monitoring, there are about 28 Yansan Nest acupoints in Zhengyangmen. Based on a family of four or five mouths in a nest, there are more than a hundred swallows inhabited in Zhengyangmen. In addition, volunteers have used the photography counting method to count the rainfall hovering on the building of Zhengyangmen City, up to 700 or eight hundred. In addition to the "apartment tower" on the top floor of the city building, the rainwaters occasionally built a nest in the very unique gap on the first floor of the urban tower. Yuan Xuejun pointed to a small gap in a tenon -mortise and said, "There should be a small swallow nest here."

The basis for her judgment is several relatively densely densely dense densely densely densely swallow feces on the ground, which is also a tips for observing the swallows that Yuan Xuejun explored -if the ground stool is relatively concentrated, then there may be the nest of Swift in the gap of the architectural structure.

On July 12, Zhengyangmen, Yuan Xuejun was shooting swallows. Beijing News reporter Li Muyi Photo

Zhengyangmen is repaired, and the nest is kept completely and placed back to the original

According to the plan, Zhengyangmen City Tower will start repair. Prior to this, researchers conducted special discussions on how to protect Swift during the repair.

Yuan Xuejun told reporters that the rain swallow nest acupoint on the top floor of the tower will try to "be indiscriminate". Even during the repair process, they have to move the nest acupoint, and the engineers will take the specific location of the nest acupoint to take pictures, keep the information photos, and store the Yansan Nest Acupoint properly. Essence After the repair is over, the nest acupoint is completely placed back to the original position.

"Swift depends on the inherent nest acupoints, and completely retain its nest acupoint allows the Swift to accurately find the 'family' when returning to Beijing in the coming year. In addition, during the repair process, the construction party will retain the passage of Swift to the nest to avoid disturbing the return of Swift. Home. "Yuan Xuejun said.

With the repairs of Zhengyangmen, Yuan Xuejun and colleagues also have an idea, which is to "touch the bottom" of the number of swallows inhabited in Zhengyangmen City Tower. "At present, we know that there are about 28 swallows nests on the top floor of the tower, but according to our observations, there are also Yanyan's 'home' in other parts of the city tower, but it is not observed. This repair can be used for the Yansan Nest Point of Zhengyangmen Tower. A census. "

On the evening of July 12, Zhengyangmen, Swift returned to the nest with the sunset. Beijing News reporter Li Muyi Photo

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Why does Swift in Beijing fall in love with ancient buildings?

Why do Swift in Beijing prefers ancient construction? Do they still have other camps?

On July 11, Beihai Park, Swift flew through Wulong Pavilion. Beijing News reporter Xue Yan

Ancient architectural beams, 椽, and 梁 are criss -crossing, forming a "artificial cave"

As an ancient imperial city, Beijing has royal buildings such as Temple of Heaven and Summer Palace. The eaves of these tall buildings are raised, and the beams, 檩, and 椽 are criss -crossing, forming a "artificial cave", providing the ideal cluster breeding for Swift. "Palace, temple, archway, ancient tower -the top of these ancient buildings often forms wooden caves. The wooden structure has better insulation, so it is more favored by Swift."

Zhuo Xiaoli, a biological teacher in Beijing Fourth Middle School, said that the wings with small swallows "prefer" in the gap between the ancient architecture of the bucket arch structure and the gap between the nest. In this way, they can hide in a small and hidden space after they close their wings, which will help hatch and breed, and effectively prevent the predation of natural enemies.

According to Shi Yang, a senior engineer of the Beijing Wildlife Rescue Center, before the founding of New China, due to the lack of high -rise buildings in Beijing, Swift mainly chooses royal architecture and temple ancient towers to build nests. This is also compared with the image of the ancient capital of Beijing. It became a iconic landscape in Beijing.

Swift four toes forward, suitable for breeding in caves

The sturgeon of Beijing Swift is very short, and it looks like there is no foot. According to reports, their toe structures are four -toed forward and are called front toe types. Therefore, they are not suitable for moving forward on the flat ground, nor can they hold the wires or branches. This toe structure makes them more suitable for hanging, climbing in cliffs, ancient buildings and walls.

Therefore, Swift was also called "footbird". Except for the cave during breeding, they need to enter the cave for spawning, incubation, and brooding. Their eating, drinking water, mating, and sleeping throughout the year are basically in the air.

However, in Zhao Xinru's view, the foot structure of Swift's feet and their like to inhabit ancient construction is not a simple "cause and effect" relationship, but the synergistic development relationship between the morphological structure of the stubborn limbs and the evolution of hind limbs. "The evolution of each species, the evolution of the body structure and function of the body is closely linked."

He said that, unlike the "three front and back" toe structure of other birds, the four -toed of the rainy swallow is a structure formed by long -term evolution. The structure of habit formation. At the same time, it is precisely because of such a structure that makes them more conducive to finding suitable caves to build nests.

Beihai Park, rain bird's nest in Qulong Pavilion Zaojing. Beijing News reporter Xue Yan

Gradually adapt to urbanization and breed in bridge holes or tall buildings

Yanyan accompanied the ancient building and has become a unique cultural business card in Beijing.

According to Li Kun, deputy chief of the Summer Palace Propaganda Section, the Pavilion of the Summer Palace is wide and tall, and the gap between the top of the top of its top is the densely adjacent district of the Beijing Swift. Scientific researchers have done more than 20 years of minds here, and statistics have found that more than 30%of Beijing Swift returns to the nest and breeding every year.

In recent years, bird experts have discovered that Gujian was not the only nest in Beijing. With the development of the city, Swift is also slowly adapted to the city and began to breed in modern tall buildings or overpass bridges, such as the holes or gaps of overpass bridges such as Tianning Temple Bridge and Jianguomen Bridge. Zhao Xinru admitted that some cultural relics protection units installed anti -bird nets in ancient buildings, intended to prevent birds from being built into ancient construction. Some people think that this has caused rainwans to be unable to run. "Theoretically speaks, but how big is the impact? It is necessary to study with numbers." He believes that the protection of Gujian and Swift should find a balance. "Some ancient buildings are also cultural relics and non -heritage. Protecting these cultural relics are protecting human civilization and responsible for society. Because society and human beings are also part of nature themselves."

He said that Swifts did not recognize the nests of ancient construction camps in streaming, and they are actively adapting to the development of human society and changes in human architecture. "Their breeding habits are looking for caves. As for whether caves are natural caves or caves, they are caves of ancient buildings or caves of modern buildings.

Over the years, Zhao Xinru discovered joyfully that some dormitory buildings and office buildings of Beijing Normal University ushered in the nests of swallows. "Some old buildings roofed roof ceiling part of the ceiling has fallen off, forming caves, and Swift enters and exits, drilling here to breed."

The Beijing Swift survey conducted by the Beijing Wildlife Rescue Center showed that Swift has gradually spread from ancient construction to modern buildings, and Swift is gradually adapted to urbanization. "There are more and more tall buildings in Beijing. The Swift Nest has shifted towards modern buildings. From the previous relative concentration points of the nest area, the nest area began to disperse." Shi Yang said.

Beihai Park, Wulong Pavilion's ridge beast "watched" the flying swallows. Beijing News reporter Xue Yan

Remove Swift, artificial nest boxes with sound recording

In order to allow Beijing Yansan to have more settlements in Beijing, people try to set artificial nests for them.

On the eve of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, a "Swallow Tower" was built in the North Park of the Olympic Forest Park. The tower is advocated by environmentalists and designed Tsinghua University. The tower is 20 meters high. The tower is densely equipped with 2,240 bird nest boxes.

However, it seems that the effect is not ideal. There was no welcoming Beijing Swift in the tower, but it attracted some sparrows. Zhao Xinru said that the design of the "Swallow Tower" may not be suitable for Swift, and it needs further experiments and transformation and improvement in the future.

However, the pace of protecting Swift will not stop. "At present, the Chinese Bird Watching Association (full name: Chinese Biological Diversity Protection and Green Development Foundation Bird Watch Professional Committee) cooperated with the China Garden Museum to hang the artificial nest box of Swift in Beijing." According to Zhao Xinru, the nest box refers to the Germans. The Swift Swift Nest Box Plan. On the head, the Beijing Swift ratio is larger in the name of ordinary rainfalls distributed in Europe, so the size of the nest boxes also increases accordingly.

The artificial nest box is not a nest for Beijing Rain Swimming, but provides them with caves. The "Beijing Garden Expo" area where the China Garden Museum is located in the "Beijing Garden Park" is lacking in ancient buildings in the past, and it is more difficult to attract Beijing Swift. "For this reason, the Chinese Garden Museum played the sound of Yuyan Zhen's rain swallows, and cooperated with the artificial nest box to insist on attracting Beijing Swift."

Zhao Xinru is very optimistic about this project. "It will definitely succeed, but it takes some time, it may be three years or even five years."

It is certain that in addition to the beautiful ancient construction, in the future, Beijing Swift will meet the citizens on more occasions.

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From back to Beijing to parting

Swallow, meet again

On July 12, there was a feces on the nest of the nest on the wooden component of Zhengyangmen City Tower. Beijing News reporter Li Muyi Photo

At about 5:30 pm on July 12, on the central axis of Beijing, the Swift of Zhengyangmen returned to the nest one after another, where they set up the "home". However, compared with the beginning of July, the Swift at this time was significantly less.

Yuan Xuejun's work place is at Zhengyangmen, and she loves these cute elf. In the days when Swift returned to Beijing, after work, Yuan Xuejun liked to record the rainy Swift in Zhengyangmen City with his mobile phone. At about 7:30 in the evening on the 12th, Yuan Xuejun, who was still busy in the office, suddenly heard the screams outside the window. She said happily: "It should be Swift, and the number may now be more than just now." Yuan Xuejun heard it wrong, The crisp sound came from Swift.

On the evening of July 12, Zhengyangmen, shooting swallows became a habit of Yuan Xuejun. Beijing News reporter Li Muyi Photo

The setting sun outlines a beautiful Phnom Penh. In front of the ancient Zhengyangmen Tower, the Beijing Swift and the eaves bucket are accompanied by the sunset to form a beautiful picture. At this time, there were about forty or fifty of Swift, which was much more than two hours ago.

Yanyan built the nest "settlement" in the beams, 檩, and 椽 椽 of Zhengyangmen, but even in the evening, they did not seem to rush into the nest tohab, but they have been hovering in the air, as if they have not been playing hard yet. Child. Yuan Xuejun captured Swift with a mobile phone camera, and Swift also became the protagonist in her mobile phone album. Yuan Xuejun said: "After mid -July, Yanyan may fly away someday, and I have to wait until I see them until next year."

On July 11, Beihai Park, Swift flew through Wulong Pavilion. Beijing News reporter Xue Yan

In the Wulong Pavilion of Beihai Park, the Beijing Swallow Survey Survey Volunteer is also making farewell to these elves this year. In the days when Swift visited, their lives were calculated in "Week", and last week was the 15th week of volunteer Bai Tao observed Swift. As the "army" leaves one after another, the lively screams of the rainy swallows over Wulong Pavilion will gradually disappear. After leaving Beijing, where will Swift go to winter? The answer is southern Africa.

On July 11, Beihai Park, volunteer Bai Tao (left) and North North (right) observed swallows in Wulong Pavilion. Beijing News reporter Xue Yan

Recently, a follow -up research results on the migration behavior of Swallow Swift show that in April of each year, Beijing Swift arrived in Beijing to build nests from southern Africa, and returned to southern Africa to overwinter from the end of July to the beginning of August.

Like "travelers", they are nearly 15,000 kilometers one way.

On July 11, Beihai Park, volunteer Bai Tao showed a photo of Swift taken by mobile phones. Beijing News reporter Xue Yan

Although there is reluctance, volunteers know that the agreement between Swift and Beijing will not change. In February in the next year, Swift in Beijing will move north quickly, and with the endless power, it will return to Beijing to "go to the appointment" day and night.

I hope they go all the way, and you will be a spring again.

Editor on duty Kang Hei Hei Guli

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