The key to protecting the soil according to law is to form a protective force for protection

[Light Review] To protect the soil according to law, the key is to form a protection force for protection

【Light Review】

Author: Zhao Fang (Researcher of the China State -owned Economic Research Center and Professor of the School of Economics of Jilin University)

On August 1, the "Black Land Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" was officially implemented. This is the world's only legislative operation specifically for the implementation of black land at the national level. On the one hand, it has strongly responded to the legal demands of black land protection. On the other hand, it also reflects the state's determination to "protect the soil according to law". Play an important role.

Black land is an excellent and precious land resources. Compared with foreign countries, my country's black land has been developed the latest, but the responsibility is the heaviest. In my country, Heiutu District is the largest commercial grain base in the country. It carries 1/4 of the country's grain output and 1/3 of the supply of goods. It is a "cockpit stone" for national food security. In recent years, the "sub -health status" of black land has aroused attention, and the problems of "thinning, thinning, and hardening" facing soil quality have become more and more prominent. The "White Paper of Northeast Black Land Black Land (2020)" released by the Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that in the past 60 years, the organic matter of the soil of the Northeast Black Earth cultivated layer has dropped by 1/3, and some areas have fallen by 50%.

All laws and regulations involving natural resources are to solve the problem of sustainable use of natural resources. In recent years, the central and local governments have been exploring the governance forms and paths of black land. Related policies have also experienced the jumper from scratch, from single to diversified, from local regulations to national laws. Although legislation is the focus, it is even more difficult to implement. It should be seen that the quality of cultivated land is the result of various factors. If the governance does not become a system and lacks a long -term mechanism, the relevant subjects cannot form a joint force, and the governance effect will be greatly reduced. Therefore, at the time of the implementation of the Black Land Protection Law, we should work hard on the streamlined mechanism, establish and improve the protection mechanism of government -led, agricultural production and operators, and social participation, and form a strong synergy of protecting the soil in accordance with the law.

In terms of government -led, the Black Land Protection Law has clarified the responsibility of governments at all levels, and established the central government's overall planning, provincial -level responsibility, county -level implementation, and township implementation. To better play the leading role of the government, governments at all levels must first strengthen the awareness of the rule of law, accelerate the introduction of relevant supporting implementation rules, and include the task of "building a large -scale protection of black land" into the work deployment of party committees and governments at all levels and governments in the four provinces and regions of the Northeast. Essence Secondly, it is necessary to refine measures, compact responsibilities, and explore the coordination mechanism in the process of law enforcement in various places and departments. At the same time, strengthen the cultivation of professional law enforcement personnel, improve the effectiveness of land protection; establish dynamic supervision and information regulations, determine the evaluation indicators of black land protection and detection system standards, and integrate the establishment of black land types, distribution, quantity, etc. Land archives and ledger. In addition, the government also provides reasonable and effective scientific and technological support, technical services, and financial support for black land governance.

The protection of black land is inseparable from the active participation and joint efforts of the people. If you firmly protect the black land of the Chinese, you must make the farmers planting farmers have money to earn money and benefit, so that the interests of the majority of farmers will not be damaged in the near future, and it will be better in the long run. For agricultural production and operators, the Black Land Protection Law clearly clarifies the obligations of the protection of black land, including rural collective economic organizations, agricultural enterprises, farmers' professional cooperatives, and farmers.

It should be seen that for a period of time, some small farmers lack the enthusiasm of the soil protection. Some agricultural production subjects do not want to improve their ground power. They just want to maximize production, and even have problems such as low -cost resale and plunder use. For these issues, it is necessary to innovate governance methods to stimulate the endogenous vitality of agricultural production and operators. First of all, the innovation of the black land management system should be strengthened to improve the level of agricultural scale operations. Promote large -scale land operations through land circulation, cooperatives, family farms, and other effective ways, and cultivate and strengthen professional service teams of black land protection. Secondly, explore the mechanism of black land protection and investment growth, improve the mechanism of ecological compensation and policy subsidy, and inspire farmers to actively participate in the protection of black land and benefit from it. Finally, actively guide the long -term guidance of black land users, and prompt agricultural producers to pay attention to the long -term sustainable development of black land.

In terms of social participation, the Black Land Protection Law clearly stipulates that social capital is encouraged to invest in black soil protection activities and protect investors' legitimate rights and interests. The first is to absorb social capital to participate in the construction of the comprehensive inspection system of the Black Turpur Ecological Environment. For example, the government should carry out the pilot work of black land protection evaluation in a timely manner, establish a third -party evaluation mechanism for black land protection, and introduce social capital to third parties from third parties. In the evaluation system. The second is to incorporate some saline -alkali and wind and sand land into the scope of the construction of the soil protection and monitoring system in the black soil area, allow some social capital to carry out ecological operations according to local conditions, and gradually restore the vitality of some land in the way of "replenishing and lighting". The third is to actively absorb social capital to participate in the development of black land protection innovation technology and cooperate with scientific and technological research to promote the promotion of new technologies and the reduction of production costs.

Only when the legal terms are implemented on each inch of black soil, ensure that the total black land is decreased, the function is not degraded, the quality is improved, and the production capacity is sustainable, and the vast black land will become a more hopeful field.

【Edit: Tang Weini】

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