Reading | "Become Mother" Challenge, Support System and Future Outlook

Starting from the birth of life, expectant mothers have experienced a difficult journey from physiological changes to psychological construction, and have worked hard to become a mother. After the huge joy of the child's birth, the family and the entire society re -shaped the role of the family and the whole society. Victor Hugo wrote in "1993": Although a woman is fragile, her mother is strong. Childbirth, mother, nurturing, and women are important cultural concepts. They should not be covered by cultural mystery, nor can they be subject to professional arrogance -in the face of their own unique experience, women are their own experts.

Anxiety caused by character conversion

We often hear people say: "Maternal love is instinct, and when you face it, it will naturally." But when a mother is really not the case, it may be a series of indescribable fear, fatigue, frightening, overwhelmed, overwhelmed , Chaos, frustration, and even a feeling of being betrayed. In the Korean writer Zhao Nanzhu's "Jin Zhiying Born in 82", the protagonist Jin Zhiying faced the role conversion of his mother, and his heart was huge confusion and weakness. Someone tells me that I will prepare for my body and psychology early. Maybe I will handle it more handy and not so hard. Is it because I am afraid that after telling the truth, it will hurt more in the age when this birth rate is low enough. Do people dare not give birth to children? Or is it impolite to say how tired it is to bring children everywhere? "

Of course, we never think that the life of being a daughter, female student, girlfriend, female employee, wife, and daughter -in -law is not hard, but the role of the mother is undoubtedly hard, and this hardship is not simply only from raising another other. A small life. Oxford's Honorary Academician and British sociologist An Oakli in the "Early Mother", 66 women who had giving birth through in -depth observations and interviews with them found that they had depression to varying degrees before giving birth. She believes that prenatal depression is basically a normal response mechanism for humans to face the loss -physical damage, time passage, loss of work status, lack of autonomy and identity.

"Selection of Mother"

[Israel] Ona Donat

Lin Yourou translated

Published by Beijing United Publishing Company

What kind of difficulties will women face after raising children and being a mother? Israeli sociologist Orna Donata replied in her "The Choice of Become Mother": (they) regret in the heart is difficult to tell the words. What makes a mother have so many negative emotions? The process of childbirth itself is accompanied by physical and mental fatigue. After finally completing this sacred mission, the new anxiety followed. Many pre -delivery prepares many such as breastfeeding bras, anti -overflow pads, breast pads, lamb fat nipples anti -cracked cream, milk storage bags, sterilizers, pregnant women's wet towels, baby wet towels, puzzle care pads, and urine. In the handsomeness, the new mother is not only under pressure from relatives and friends, the pressure of newborns, but also the pressure of her own, because she does not know if she can become a qualified mother -a month ago, she didn't even know that diapers still had the NB code. (NB is "New Born", the meaning of newborns).

The choice of breastfeeding

Breastfeeding is the first level of the newborn mother, which is difficult to start with everything. The hospital and the entire society informed the mother to use breastfeeding babies. Breastfeeding should be used in the first hour of the baby, not other drinks, or even water. However, some mothers were inadequate or after breastfeeding for a period of time. So how should the mother face the dilemma of breastfeeding? What kind of feeding method to feed children is the first problem in front of each mother. Cowrtani Johg, the author of "Breast Pymism: The Rise of Breastfeeding and the Selection of Women who was ignored", is a mother who chooses breastfeeding children, and is also a professor at the Department of Political Sciences at the University of Toronto. In -depth research, in the context of breast milk becoming public health issues, the mother made all kinds of dilemma in choosing encounters, and had in -depth social problems, cultural problems, and public health issues. The author pointed out: "I don't oppose breastfeeding, I am opposed to breast milk abduction."

"Breast milk: the rise of breastfeeding and the neglected female choice"

[Can] Koti John

Zhang Yingjie translated

Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House

Coincidentally, Lu Shuying, the doctor of history of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Lu Shuying's "Breast milk and milk: the reshaping of the role of Chinese mother in modern times, 1895-1937)" from a diverse perspective of the large city represented by Shanghai since the opening of the port to the eve of the Anti-Japanese War The mother's choice of using breast milk or milk, and in -depth analysis of the gender order, the transformation of the nursery, social evolution, and the true situation of Chinese women in modern history. influences.

The world's first commercial baby formula was invented in 1867. At that time, it was said that the mixed fluid of the pharmacist Henry Nest with milk and wheat flour and sugar rescued the neighbor's child. After that, he founded Nestlé by this recipe in Switzerland. At the end of the 19th century later, there were sales of alfalfa, fresh cattle milk, and pediatric powder in Shanghai and other large commercial port markets. Until 1920, the formula milk powder was entered in China, milk powder became a symbol of civilization. At the same time, the modern food safety system and measures began to develop in China. In 1936, Shanghai Public Concession milk was mandatory disinfection measures. Milk mechanized production methods have become a symbol of modernization. Mother -in -law pursuing modern mothers prefer to choose milk as a feeding method. The dispute between milk powder and breast milk has become one after another in history. In the United States, in 1956, 32%of American women breastfeed their children; in 1971, the lowest point was only 24%, and only 5%of women were still breastfeeding when their children were six months old. While the number of breastfeeding women is reduced, more and more mothers enter the workplace. Perhaps the more important reason is that at that time, people thought that the formula milk was safe and healthy, which could replace breast milk. Most doctors also recommended formula milk.

"Breast milk and milk: the reshaping of the role of mother in modern Chinese, 1895-1937)"

Lu Shuying

Published by East China Normal University Press

Throughout China and the United States, there are many things in common on whether to choose breastfeeding. The first is the issue of economic and class status. For example, the mother with better economic conditions in Lu Shuying has a greater degree of freedom and can hire breasts or maids in exchange for personal freedom of action. The same is true of contemporary American middle -class women described by Cotti John. A wealthy housewife once said, "If they cannot take care of their children, they should not let them give birth." She said, "Take care of her own. "Children" refer to accompany their children at home and breastfeed their children. Economic status has become the most important prerequisite for mothers to choose whether to breastfeed in person. Followed by moral issues, breastfeeding has become part of the moral consumption choice made by Americans with "conscience of social conscience"; in China, if you can't feed your children with breast milk, many mothers will have guilt. Breastfeeding, as a feeding method advocated by most countries and the World Health Organization, has reached a wide range of consensus.

However, modern mothers, especially mothers of the working class, face the biggest dilemma and challenges that are difficult to take into account work and breastfeeding. The American maternity leave is famous. The United States is the only developed country in the world without legal paid maternity leave. 71%of American mothers are engaged in full -time work. The United States has made too much concession to employers in the formulation of laws and regulations, so it is far less conducive to the mother of the workplace. The cost of breastfeeding is that the mother who does not give up work requires a longer working time, and the reward is lower, which makes people struggling.

The hope of the mother in the workplace out of the predicament

Katelin Collins, a sociology assistant professor at the University of St. Louis, "The Mother's Survival Report" of the workplace, directly hit the dilemma faced by the mother of the contemporary workplace. By comparing the four very different welfare policy models of the United States, Germany, Sweden, and Italy, she interviewed 135 mother -in -law mothers, trying to find a way to crack and help women get out of family conflict and workplace dilemma.

"Survival Report in the Workplace"

[美] Caitlin Collins

Wang Yang Zhou Changtian translated

Shanghai People's Publishing House published

From the Swedish social democratic welfare model, we may find the best model of work and nurturing children. On the basis of gender equality, both parents enjoy a 16 -month paid parenting leave. During this period, 80%of subsidies based on normal wage income and have a sound public child support system. Each child also enjoys an additional "children's subsidy" of 1050 Swiss Krones per month until the age of 18. Of course, all this is based on the highly developed economy of Sweden, and it is also the product of the high consensus reached by all parties to raising children. We also know that relying on policies and high benefits cannot completely solve the problem of women's dilemma. However, with the development of the economic and social development and the deepening of gender equality, my country is gradually trying to implement a system for extending the childbirth of couples.

Breastfeeding cannot replace the affordable daily custody of good services, leave home or company, cannot replace maternity leave, nor can it replace convenient and affordable medical services. The dilemma encountered by the mother -in -law should not be borne by the mother alone to reasonably formulate public policies, effectively protect the women's rights and interests in the workplace, properly tilted the mothers of social benefits, and the support from the family -we need the whole society to work together to create a friendly mother friendly The employment environment improves people -oriented scientific feeding and parenting system.

"Xunzi · Fleeing" has a cloud: "Mortal troubles are covered in a song, and it is dark to Dali." That is to say, people often have a common problem that people are blinded by local phenomena, and they are not visible. Entering the 21st century, the times are continuously developing, and the distribution map of the global population is changing. We see the efforts of all countries in the world in gender equality, help professional women, and improve the benefits of parenting families. I believe that one day, mothers will grow up healthily and happy with their children in their own way.

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Author: Guevara

Edit: Jiang Chuting

Editor in charge: Zhu Zilong

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