Breastfeeding: Family affairs are also state affairs

Breast milk is the most ideal natural food for babies. From August 1st to 7th this year is the 31st World Breastfeeding Week. A few days ago, at the press conference of the World Breastfeeding Weekly Theme Symposium held at the China Nutrition Society and the press conference of "Chinese Pregnant Women and Breast Mother Dietary Guidelines (2022)", a number of experts analyzed the influencing factors of breastfeeding, in -depth interpretation The lactating women's dietary guidelines call on all sectors of society to help breastfeeding mothers.

Breastfeeding requires the whole society to help

When it comes to breastfeeding, people generally know that this feeding method has many benefits.

Breast milk is rich in nutrients, immune activity and moisture, which can meet all the nutrients needed for baby growth and development in 201 June. The risk of colds, diarrhea, pneumonia, and other diseases; breastfeeding can enhance the emotional connection of maternal and infants and promote children's nervous system development; immediately allowing infants to suck breasts after childbirth can reduce mothers' postpartum bleeding, reduce mastitis and other risks such as mastitis and other diseases. Native

"Breastfeeding sounds very simple, but it is not." Han Junhua, Secretary -General of the Chinese Nutrition Society, emphasized that the responsibility of breastfeeding cannot be pushed to novice mothers to bear it alone, but requires the support of the family and the whole society.

"Breastfeeding is very hard." Guo Fei, assistant researcher at the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that the mother should face many pressures and difficulties during breastfeeding.

Due to the need to feed at night, the mother’s sleep rhythm is interrupted and sleeping is deprived, which is a great challenge to physical and mental health; many mothers must take care of their work while breastfeeding, which objectively leads to 6 breastfeeding 6 feeding 6. Monthly, it is very difficult to continue breastfeeding for more than 2 years; during breastfeeding, you will encounter a series of specific problems: less milk, milk increase, nipple inflammation, nipple cracked nipples, breast redness and stiffness, chasing milk failure ... in many stressful stress In the following, a few women have postpartum depression, postpartum anxiety, and even postpartum obsessive -compulsive disorder during postpartum breastfeeding stage.

"Whether breastfeeding is successful is the result of various factors. In addition to the mother's own factors, it is also closely related to the child's own situation and family atmosphere." Guo Fei pointed out that some babies themselves are difficult to be soothed. The breastfeeding process may be full of challenges; research has found that the participation of dad plays a very important role in successful breastfeeding and breastfeeding mothers.

"Breastfeeding is not only a family affairs, but also a state affairs. For this reason, the breastfeeding work mechanism of government -led, departmental collaboration, and whole society needs to be established." According to Zhang Yue, a member of the Maternal and Child Health Center of the China Disease Prevention and Control Center, my country has always attached great importance to maternal and infantry Health, in recent years, the country has strengthened the integration of policies and service resources, and has done a lot of effective work in promoting the health of maternal and infants. It has also achieved certain results in advocating, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in the whole society. Hospital, accounting for one -third of the global baby baby hospital, China is also the country with the most baby -loving hospital in the world. "

"Promoting breastfeeding requires the whole society to form a joint force and create an environment for better care for breastfeeding mothers." Supplying staff of Yang Shenghui, the China Population Development Research Center, suggested that in terms of time support, it is necessary to build a comprehensive cost mechanism for fertility holidays. Combined with the actual situation, the use of elasticity to get off work, home office, etc., provides convenience for employees' breastfeeding and children's care; in terms of improvement of service support, it is necessary to incorporate inclusion of inclusive care in basic public services, and encourage conditional employers to provide welfare benefits. Sexual care and education services; in terms of maternity fund support policies, expand the coverage of maternity insurance, improve the fertility allowance system, and explore the maternity subsidy system; create a family friendly workplace, including continuous promotion of gender equality, encourage employers to introduce family friendship measures, improve family families The mechanism of multiple co -construction of friendly workplace.

Breeding life, preventing trace nutrient deficiency

Professor Yang Nianhong, deputy chairman of the Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch of the China Nutrition Society and Professor Yang Nianhong, Public Health College of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, introduced that in response to the general nutritional problems of women and pregnant women, combined with new research evidence in recent years, "Chinese Pregnant Women and Nursing Dietary Guidelines (202222 222 ) "It is recommended that women with pregnancy and pregnancy are based on the general population's dietary guide to comply with 6 new core recommendations.

Yang Nianhong introduced that weight gain is the most practical, intuitive and economical indicator of the nutritional status of pregnant women and fetal growth and development. During pregnancy, weight growth should be maintained within a suitable range. The total weight gain during pregnancy before pregnancy is more appropriate for a total weight gain during pregnancy. It is more appropriate to gain weight during pregnancy before pregnancy. In the early pregnancy, the weight of the fetus did not grow much, and the weight gain in the early pregnancy of pregnant women should not exceed 2 kg. It is recommended that prospective mothers earnestly monitor the weight growth status from the beginning of pregnancy. At least once a week, choose the corresponding weight gain graph of pregnancy according to the weight of pregnancy before pregnancy, clarify the total goals of the growth weight during pregnancy and the growth rate of each stage, and adjust the diet in a timely manner And physical activity.

"Four trace nutrients: iron, iodine, folic acid, and vitamin D are particularly important for the normal growth and development of the fetus. Once lack of, it will have serious consequences, such as the fetal deformed deformity, affecting the intellectual intelligence and physical development." Yang Nianhong emphasized, preparing for pregnancy and pregnancy Women during pregnancy should often consume iron -rich foods; choose iodine salt, and also take 1-2 times a week of iodine -rich foods; it is recommended to take 400 micrograms of folic acid every day from 3 months before pregnancy, which continues to the entire entire entire During pregnancy; women who do not have sufficient outdoor activity should supplement 10 micrograms (400 international units) vitamin D daily through dietary supplements. "Some women's early pregnancy reactions are obvious, affecting eating. At this time, you don't need to emphasize the balanced diet to ensure the basic energy supply and a certain amount of grain foods. You don't have to be anxious and nervous, because the good nutritional reserves during pregnancy can maintain the mother and the fetus here. The nutritional needs of the first period. "Yang Nianhong pointed out that at this time, the daily intake of not less than 130 grams of carbohydrates can avoid the adverse effects of ketoemia on the development of fetal nervous system. Pregnant women who fail to reach the above basic eating goals need to seek medical treatment.

Experts introduced that starting in the second trimester, the growth rate of the fetus accelerated, and the energy and nutrients required also increased accordingly. In order to meet the needs of high -quality protein, calcium, iron and other nutrients and energy, the intake of milk, fish, poultry, eggs, and lean meat should be appropriately increased in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. At the same time, appropriate regular exercise should be performed during pregnancy, which helps prevent excessive weight growth, pleasant mood and release pressure, which is conducive to natural delivery.

It is worth noting that tobacco and alcohol have obvious toxic effects on all stages of embryonic development, affecting the growth and development of the fetus, and severe cases of abortion, premature birth and fetal malformations. Women with smoking and drinking habits must quit smoking and alcohol, stay away from the smoking environment to avoid the harm of second -hand smoke.

Postpartum breastfeeding, mother should balance the diet

"Mention breastfeeding, many people naturally think of how breastfeeding mothers should eat. In the atmosphere of" baby -centric ", people often want breastfeeding mothers to increase the intake of various foods, thereby increasing the nutrition of milk. Most of these practices have no scientific basis, but have brought a psychological burden to many breastfeeding mothers. "Professor Wang Zhiyi, chairman of the Chinese Nutrition Society Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch, and Professor Wang Zhizheng, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University. And forcibly eat more, let alone eat yourself as fat, or stick to a diverse diet.

"At present, the main nutritional and health problems of women's existence of women's existence are the imbalances of dietary structure, excessive foods, excess energy intake, and lack of trace nutrients." Researcher Yang Zhenyu at the Institute of Nutrition and Health of the Prevention and Control Center pointed out that maternal may feel fatigue and poor appetite after childbirth. In a short period of time, you can choose lighter, soft and easy to digest food. The entire breastfeeding period should adhere to the diverse food, pay attention to preventing the lack of trace nutrients such as iron, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D.

"Everyone is very concerned about how to promote milk secretion after childbirth. It is necessary to emphasize that milk secretion is the result of various factors. Not only does it require reasonable nutrition, but also healthy psychological, regular life, sufficient sleep, suitable physical activity, and suitable physical activity. Ensure the secretion of milk. "Yang Zhenyu introduced that in terms of nutrition, it is recommended that the intake of vitamin A increases by 600 micrograms from ordinary adult women. It is recommended that breastfeeding mothers take more foods rich in vitamin A appropriately. Two times the pig liver or chicken liver reaches the recommended intake; drinking soup or drinking water will not increase milk secretion, but milk secretion requires water intake. For more oil soup, the baby should avoid drinking a series of drinks containing caffeine within 3 months.

How to manage weight after giving birth? Yang Zhenyu introduced that reasonable diet and suitable physical activity are considered to be the safest and effective measures for postpartum weight management. After the postpartum, you should gradually increase the suitable physical activity. The strength activity is the main, including daily life activities, housework, walking, pelvic floor movement, stretching exercise, etc.

"Breeding and breastfeeding is a difficult process and a happy experience." Yang Nianhong emphasized that various changes in the body before and after pregnancy may affect the emotions of pregnant women. Learn related knowledge, be able to deal with it in a timely manner or seek medical treatment in a timely manner. When encountering difficulties, communicate with family and friends to obtain necessary help and support. Appropriate outdoor activities and consultation with professionals will help release stress and regulate emotions. At the same time, family members and society should give pregnant women with more care to help pregnant women enjoy the process of breeding and breastfeeding happily.

Source: People's Daily Overseas Edition

Edit: Xiong Jie

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