Kazakhstan, the Gee -knowledge Bureau is changing

Author:Earth Knowledge Bureau Time:2022.06.14

Since the riots at the beginning of this year, the situation in Kazakhstan has attracted much attention from the outside world. Although the new president Takayev's iron wrist means, the national riots that spread to Harbin State will soon calm down, but people can't help but have a certain doubt about whether Kazakhstan can continue to maintain stability. Essence

In the riots, the Alamu Municipal Building was arson (Figure: One Picture Network) ▼

In the impression of many, many people, since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, several "Stan" in Central Asia have not had any major political changes. As the head of Wustein, Kazakhstan is the role of the "Dinghai God Needle" level in this region.

The Congress has been in a short period of time, at least it shows that the country in the country has accumulated a certain degree of contradictions, and new reforms are urgently needed to ease the domestic situation.

Five Central Asian countries ▼

This is not the case, the new president Toccyev has promoted a constitutional reform involving a large area, a large change in the content, and even involving the constitutional reform of the former President Nazarbayev.

From some perspectives, this constitutional reform is likely to have a profound impact on Kazakhstan's future development path.

So, the wheel of history has begun to rotate again

(Figure: Akorda.kz) ▼

Ri riots calm down, immediately amend the constitution

On June 5, Kazakhstan held a referendum dedicated to revising the current constitution. According to the Kazakhstan official media Harcom, 7.98 million people participated in the referendum that day, of which 6.16 million were agreed to revise the constitution. According to the law of Harbin State, the new constitutional amendment was passed and it took effect immediately.

In fact, the riots at the beginning of the year were calmed down. Soon after the Jian'an Organizing Troops evacuated Kazakhstan, the new president Toccayev, who fully grasped the domestic situation, showed his attitude of promoting reform and aggressive.

Tocaev also participated in this referendum (Figure: Akorda.kz) ▼

On March 16, Tocaev participated in the joint meeting of the upper and lower houses of Kazakhstan, and published a 2022 National Intelligence Counseling with the title of "New Kazakhstan: The Road to Innovation and Modernization".

In the counseling, Takayev first affirmed the 30th anniversary of the independence of the country, and has achieved many achievements under the leadership of former President Nazarbayev. But then the conversation turned around, reviewing the riots in January, and bluntly, "In recent years, Kazakhstan has embarked on a thorough modern reform path ... and some authoritative people do not like these reforms. They want to continue their illegal activities for many years. ", Point the finger at the interest group formed by the former president's administration.

Tocaev published 2022 National Love Counseling

(Figure: Akorda.kz) ▼

Tocaev vowed to conduct a large -scale rectification reform and disclosed the roadmap of his reform. The content includes further weakening the power of the president, changing Kazakhstan from a super presidential country to a presidential republic with a strong parliament. The party's contact, greatly adjusting a number of major adjustments such as the national administrative division.

In other words, the referendum that happened in June this year was just one of the political blueprints of Toccyev's "Create New Kazakhstan" political blueprint.

The Parliament Building of the Republic of Kazakhstan, located in Nur Sudan

(Figure: shutterstock) ▼

Having said that, in this constitutional amendment, many contents are worthy of attention. First, the death penalty was announced in Kazakhstan. At the end of 2021, Tocaev had signed a legal amendment to abolish the death penalty, which was only determined in the form of the Constitution.

Secondly, the judges of any court may not be a member and chairman of the Central Election Commission. Military personnel, staff and law enforcement officers may not join the political parties. The former is equivalent to separating the law enforcement and administrative power with reference to the "three power separation" principles of the West, and the latter hopes that the staff of the state organs will be separated from the party, and will not affect their work because of the selfishness of the party.

The Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan, located in Nur Sudan

(Figure: shutterstock) ▼

Thirdly, the president's rights are greatly limited, and the president is required to be re -elected for not more than two sessions. During his tenure, he must not be in business, must not be concurrently served as any other positions. He must temporarily withdraw from his party, and the president's close relatives must not serve as a national public official.

Based on this constitutional amendment, it also changed Article 91 of the Constitution to delete "Nazarbayev is the founder, the first president, and national leader of the Republic of Kazakhstan", and canceled the Nazarbaye to Nazarbaye. From the perspective of the exemption of husband and his family, the constitutional amendment is not very friendly to the former president.

Say goodbye to the Nazarbayev era

Starting from the personal influence of Nats (Figure: Flickr) ▼

The goal is clear, pointing directly at Lao Na

Although in the referendum on June 5, former President Nazarbayev also came out to participate in voting, and made it clear that he supported the constitutional reform of President Toccayev, but from the founder, national leader, etc. In the case of cancellation of this, it is not difficult to imagine how the mood of Nazarbayev, which also has a lot to do with the friction between the two when he handed over the right to Takayev.

In 2019, Nazarbayev announced his resignation. With his support, Toccyev, then the Speaker of Kazakhstan Senate, successfully elected as the new president in May of that year. The highest rights of the country seem to have completed a steady transfer, but Lao Na is actually renounced, and the power still has the power in his hands. At that time, Na Yishi, who was out of office at that time, was still on the C position at the official occasion.

(Figure: Akorda.kz) ▼

Although he no longer served as president, Lao Na announced a series of preparations before his retirement.

On the one hand, Nazarbayev introduced the "Kazakhstan National Security Law", established the Kazakhstan National Security Council, and appointed himself as a lifelong chairman of the National Security Council. A vice chairman, firmly holding the military power. Later, the position of Senate Speaker was handed over to his eldest daughter Nazarbayova.

Although I'm going to retire, I don't plan to make a shot

(Figure: shutterstock) ▼

On the other hand, ten days before the resignation of Nazarbayev, the Kazakhstan Parliament announced that the capital of Kazakhstan was renamed by Asanana to Nur Sudan (Nazarbayev's full -name Nur Sudan Ah Bisvich Nazarbayev) contributed to the great contribution to Kazakhstan during his tenure.

Nur Sudan City Skyrim (Figure: One Photo Network) ▼

From this perspective, Nazarbayev had deeply binded himself with the country before he stepped down. If unexpectedly, after the term of the 5 -year president of Tocaev, Nazarbayev will come out to support his daughter to participate in the election. With his prestige for nearly thirty years, I believe Nazarbaya It will be very easy to be elected as the next president.

Na's father and daughter (Figure: shutterstock) ▼

In the riots at the beginning of this year, Takayev, which appeared in front of the world with the appearance of "professional diplomatic bureaucrats", showed amazing political wrist -after the riots gradually spread to the country in many states, Tocaev mobilized the army, First, I have controlled the control of the capital Astana; in a TV speech on January 5th, it was announced that the post of chairman of the National Security Council of Nazarbayev was announced by himself as a position.

Then he asked for help from Ji'an organization, obtained the support of the international community, and finally accepted the collective resignation of the government to ensure that he could fully control the situation at a critical moment, and then quickly calmed down the riots.

Ji'an organization enrolled, which has stabilized the situation to a large extent ▼

After the overall situation has been set, Nazarbayev announced that he voluntarily gave the National Security Council to Tocaev, and called on the people of the country to support Takayev's policy.

At this time, Takayev's military power and regime were united, and the former presidential endorsement was obtained. Finally, he created a situation that could be allowed to rest assured and bold reform.

This time it should be stable (Figure: shutterstock) ▼

After the reform, where to go

According to the content of the Constitutional amendment, the center of Toccyev's reform is mainly in the center of restricting the power of president, enhancing parliamentary rights, reducing the threshold of the people's participation in politics, avoiding the influence of the party's struggle to affect national policies, and balance of all the countries that balance Harbin Kingdom Fang forces.

Although the Nazarbayev was in power, Kazakhstan achieved great development and achieved very brilliant high -speed growth between 2000 and 2013, but the corruption problem during his tenure was also very serious. The style of acting also attracted quite a lot of criticism.

For a long time, Na's main administration has excellent results.

But also see the problem formed in the process

(Figure: Akorda.kz) ▼

To this end, Tocaev has made a big reform in this field, and how the specific results have yet to be observed, but it is obviously preparing to completely clean up Lao Na and his family group out of Kazakhstan on a series of amendments to the former president. Politics, so as to build a country in Takayev under a new situation.

In the "Kazakhstan Times Bomb", which was introduced in the "Kazakhstan", which was introduced by the Kazakhstan ethnic group before, was mentioned in the history of Harbin History for a long time in the history of Harbin, the "three kingdoms struggles" in the history of Harbin. And this national division and regional opposition have continued to today.

If you divide it according to the large, medium and small jade, the main three parts, the horizontal screen

(The following is not the latest map, the newly established three states are not added) ▼

Perhaps the national relations between Sanyuzi were considered. Prior to this referendum, Tocaev also signed a presidential order in early May this year to divide the most important Aramutu in the Great Yuz area into one point into the Dayuzu area into one point. two. The original Aramutu capital Taled Kurgan has become the newly established Jeter Suzhou capital, while the capital of Almaty has moved to Capchaga.

Dayuz's sphere of influence, Southeast Sanzhou

(The following is not the latest map, the newly established three states are not added) ▼

Similarly, the largest Karaka and East Kazakhstan are also split in the largest area of Zhongyuz. Set.

This is obviously to differentiate the power of the Dayuz and the Zhongyuz area, so that the status of the youngest jade area in politics is relatively improved.

The sphere of influence of Zhongyuz, six states in the middle

(The following is not the latest map, the newly established three states are not added) ▼

From the perspective of international relations and geopolitical levels, as the most important country in Central Asia, both China and Russia attach great importance to the stability of Kazakhstan and do not want to have many things here, and Takayev also attaches great importance to this. In this constitutional reform, Tocaev also joined the clause that "it is strictly forbidden to use external forces to use elections to interfere with domestic politics", which means that at least in the last few years, Haskstein is unlikely to go similar to similar to that similar to it. "Third neighbor" diplomatic route like Mongolia.

As a "Belt and Road Initiative", the roles of the Central Asian Bridge, the China -Europe Railway Passland and the Western China Energy Hub will not change. China -Kazakhstan's hopes to promote further cooperation in the future.

Kazakhstan oil and gas pipeline (Figure: Shutterstock) ▼

Similarly, there are a large number of Russian population in cities in northern Kazakhstan. Due to geography and historical origins, the relationship between Russia and Kazakhstan can be described as intricate.

Kazakhstan is also unlikely to implement radical "de -Russian" policies in China. Maintaining the current situation of coexistence between Central Asian and Slavic culture is the most feasible choice.