Chinese Mars sampling may be returned in 2031, is it difficult for Mars samples?It is much more difficult than the moon's samples

2020 is definitely the year of Mars exploration in human history. In this year, my country ’s Tianwen No. 1, the United States’ perseveillars, and the UAE ’s Hope Mars probe have been launched.

Why is human Mars detection enthusiasm so high suddenly? In fact, the launch of Martian detectors in various countries does not seem to be in the first name of Mars detection, but to seize this important time node. Mars is the neighbor of the earth. It revolves around the sun like the earth. The difference is that the time for the earth to revolution is about 365 days, and the time for Mars for a week is about 687 days. If you have changed, you must wait for Mars to run to a place just right as the earth, and this position will only appear every 780 days, so if you miss this time node in 2020, it will be two years later.

Interestingly, although the launch time of Mars probes in various countries is similar, the time returning to the sampling is opened.

According to the report of Sun Zezhou, the chief teacher of Tianwen, the return time of the Chinese Mars sampling is about July 2031, and the NASA's Mars sampling plan is expected to return in 2033, which means that we have been in advance for 2 years in advance this time. In fact, the sampling of the planet outside the earth is not the first time, but the previous sampling is only for the closest moon and some small planets, and to another planet sample. This is the first time. Then Mars sampling and What's the difference between the moon sampling? The difficulty of sampling Mars is higher than the moon samples.

The process of exploring the planet outside the ground can be divided into two parts. One is flying out, and the other is to fly back.

Taking the lunar exploration as an example, we rely on the carrier rocket, because at this stage, only the carrier rocket has sufficient thrust to help us get rid of the gravity of the earth. When the lunar device gets rid of the gravity of the earth into the moon's orbit, as the speed decreases, the lunar detector will begin to land under the action of the gravity of the moon. After a certain distance from falling to the ground, the lunar -proof cabin will ignite and slow down. In order to land steadily. There are no rockets on the moon, and there are no launch towers. In fact, the descending section of the moon cabin is the transmitting rack. As for the rocket, there are a lot of use, because the moon is not atmospheric, and the gravity is only one -sixth of the earth, so it is easy to ignite and lift it away.

Compared with the lunar exploration, it is much more difficult to explore Mars.

Mars has the atmosphere. Although it is relatively thin, this makes us cannot let the detector fall under the action of gravity like the moon. Burned the heat generated by friction. When it falls to a certain height, it is necessary to open the parachute to decelerate, and finally need to achieve soft landing through the rocket push. Does it sound a lot more complicated than the lunar exploration? But the real problem is still behind, how to return after sampling. Although Mars is smaller than the earth, it is more than the moon, so the gravity of Mars is far greater than the moon, so returning from Mars is the first time that human beings have tried to take off from a large and atmospheric planet.

Although we have no way to bring the carrier rocket to Mars, in order to get rid of Mars's gravity, we must carry a lot of fuel, which is actually a very headache.

At this stage, human aerospace detection relies on chemical power, and the characteristics of chemical power rockets are limited load capacity. Taking the Long March 5 Loe Rockets as an example, its take -off quality is about 870 tons, and the launching capacity of the Earth synchronous orbit is only the only thing 14 tons, so the most indispensable thing for human aerospace activities at this stage is to increase weight, but in order to return from Mars to return smoothly, the increase in weight is unavoidable. Therefore, this sampling task finally used two Long March 5 rockets. Finally, I sent the rail back to the combination and the upper combination.

The upper combination is the lander and the rising device.

After the combination is sampled, the aspect will ignite the lift and return to the Mars orbit, and the rail return combination composed of the orbital device and the returned device has long been waiting for it. After that, the aspect will be connected with the rail return combination, and the collected Mars sample is transferred to the rail return combination, but it will embark on the road to home. Why is NASA behind this time? In fact, they originally planned to return in 2031, but because the previous plans were too complicated, it increased the overall risk of Mars sample return plan, so it could only be divided into two. And from the entire plan of NASA, it may still be an optimistic estimate in 2033. If any part of the part has a problem, it will not rule out the possibility of continuing to be postponed.

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